考博英语语法重点总结 c);vl%
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 W:V.\
独立主格特征 )POU58$
1. 充当句子的状语。 +~za6
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 +!eh\.u|]
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 NEff`mwm5)
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） \<Di |X1
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. `tH :oP0=
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. y[d>7fcf
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). fO,m_
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真题剖析 ]qO*(m:}o
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. x yy
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because IyoitIbLl
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. \fJ
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8. A. is B. having C. being D. be m t}
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虚拟语气 >\'gI I s
虚拟语气（2） 2 |$G<f
1. （should）+动词原形
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 g
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 lc\%7-%:5
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 O>[B"mM t
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 UX@8
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 37
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would rather +动词过去式 gIY]hC.
真题剖析 l,:> B-FV
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ie}?}s
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t *nlDN4Y[
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. h]DzX8r}
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded To =JE}jzo
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Hgbrlh
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ~qkn1N%'
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. g<^-[w4/
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) [ ]42$5eof
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should X.[8L^ldh
非谓语动词 |6 E
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动名词、分词、不定式。 J
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) C~R, ,
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %s ">:
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 !NTt' 4/F{
真题剖析 ?<U">8cP
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. mOntc6
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Ti $_V_
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. _:+
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative b}J,&eYD
主谓一致 k;Ask#rs
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .4XX
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. #A=ER[[
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 l09 DH+
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. }Apn.DYbbf
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 PG@6*E
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 N `[ ?db-%
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Y?\PU{ O
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 eu0j jeB
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. sF~!qag4q'
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) `&i \q=u+
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ;nAI;Qw L
He no less than John is interested in literature. v0KJKrliGO
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) J*t_r-z
Either my father or my brothers are coming. naV bcY
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 T9b Ut |
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |"YE_aYu
真题剖析 q``:[Sz
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. >J/8lS{#
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some \e~5D
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倒装 \WxBtpbQ B
全部倒装 Wv]ODEd
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G rI<w .9X
There stand big buildings in this district. Suy +XHV
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 3
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 6 tl#AJ-
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. #~[{*[B+
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 vr } -u
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. +aN"*//i
4. 表语位于句首 a(lmm@;V<
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 5
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Not far from here is a famous university. <YvW /x
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 PxA
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. PQP|V>g
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. Y(=A HmR
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） C I=M0
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. MH |R @g
部分倒装 K9 ek
1. 疑问句 vUR gR
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） MqRJ:x
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. >65 \
3. “only+状语”位于句首 onl,R{,`0
Only when he comes back can be leave. ~l]g4iEp
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 +v<
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. i5gNk )D
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) I.it4~]H
By no means should you break the rules. w <Bw2c
At no time should we give in to difficulties. tGF3Hw^mS
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) biENRJQ.
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” S|F:[ (WaM
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Ey% KbvNv
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
