考博英语语法重点总结 <k'% rz
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 E*Z # fa
独立主格特征 c+:XaDS-
1. 充当句子的状语。 fP KF U
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 7C>5Xyy
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 u85 dG7
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 6b wzNY 7
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ^2a 63_
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. di4> Ir~]
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). k^#+Wma7
真题剖析 [e`e bn[C
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Fz {T;
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because \\)9QP?
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. m>9j dsqB
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be l3:2f-H
虚拟语气 f
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虚拟语气（2） Db K(Rh_
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1. （should）+动词原形 !T"jvDYH
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Pk{%2\%&2
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 WyU \,"
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 VC X^D)[-
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 e X{#F gFc
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 _K J!C!
would rather +动词过去式 \h@3 dJ4
真题剖析 A4daIhP
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … BMO &(g
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t dCA!
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. F EA t6
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded Yy'CB
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. \YPv pUg
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Wi@YJ
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. L./{^)
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) r1BL?&X-
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Al+}4{Q+?
非谓语动词 l
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动名词、分词、不定式。 k_`h (R
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) # TZ`
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) DN;|?oNZ
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 _9y! ,ST
真题剖析 8R T<?I^5
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. G_ ` Ae%'h
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops w!jY(W K U
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ue*o>iohB
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative "(mF5BE-E
主谓一致 $IqubC>O
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 /
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. T N/y4 (j
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. +
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Z gfhNI\
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. |G/U%?`
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 (}rBnD
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 @F/,~|{iM
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 29zMs9oKPP
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 yL %88,/
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. WmkCV+thA
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 3WM*4
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） dL~^C I
He no less than John is interested in literature. &eb8k2S
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 5,+fM6^V
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ~x^Ra8A
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 =@c;%x
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. gvr&7=p
真题剖析 |;\pAZ2
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. RXw1HRR$V
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some egAYJK-,!
倒装 I+(
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全部倒装 _St ":9'uU
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” u@tH6k*cBz
There stand big buildings in this district. jrpki<D
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Ly z8DwZ
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) zK>m4+)~
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. eJ6 #x$I,
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Bw~jqDZ}|
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. hAt4+O&P
4. 表语位于句首 9{e/ V)
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. $ @l=FV_;
Not far from here is a famous university. X"9N < )C
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 xm5?C>vu(
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. gW<4E=fl
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ox_DEg7l
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） | UB)q5I
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. l *{Bz5hc
部分倒装 $j8
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1. 疑问句 j5og}P q:
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） !D ?(}nag
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. >?_}NZ,y
3. “only+状语”位于句首 fwmXIpteK
Only when he comes back can be leave. @. c[z D
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 CI\yP@DQ4
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. n).*= YLN
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) f*A B Im
By no means should you break the rules. q/Vl>t
At no time should we give in to difficulties. +FAxqCkA
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) R*D5n>~
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” sCP|d` '
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ,0ilNi>
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
