考博英语语法重点总结 >XZ2 w_
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 7 _Vd%<:
独立主格特征 kX V
1. 充当句子的状语。 .NdsKhg
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 CV |Ae [
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 #p"F$@N
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） djf8FNnn
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. n kq{_;xp
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 1q'_J?Xmd
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). K{y`Sb~k
真题剖析 lxTqGwx
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. !@gjIYq_Y
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because v-$X1s
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. !h&h;m/c
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be lS;S:-
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虚拟语气 f p Nq
虚拟语气（2） }`whg8 fZ
1. （should）+动词原形 ;
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 2 QHu8mFU
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 #;2mP6a[
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ">|L<
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 W*c^(W
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 N}bZdE9F
would rather +动词过去式 Qe[ai?iJkt
真题剖析 n-9X<t|*?a
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 0} \;R5a<
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t =Oh/4TbW[
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. K<l
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded aj+I+r"~
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. M> Ws}Y
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 1p>&j%dk
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Re\V<\$J
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ~xZ )btf
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should b |Ed@C
非谓语动词 >>7m'-k%D
动名词、分词、不定式。 \ 4q1<j
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) C"}]P
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 7 ( /
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 47/YD y%
真题剖析 "6'# L,
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. -/qu."9(B
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 0w l31k{
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Y1F P |
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative h "r)z6Q/
主谓一致 eYjr/`>O
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 * C(XGX\?-
How you got there doesn’t concern me. oxm3R8 S
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ?Da!QH
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 4~{q=-]V
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ddjaM / .E
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 |4FvP R [
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Ih0kd i
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). <yrl_vl{
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 G_x<2E"d
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 6ax|
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外)
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） MY}B)`yx=
He no less than John is interested in literature. :AB$d~${M>
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) O9W |&LAL
Either my father or my brothers are coming. }% 9A+w}o
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 3"hPplE
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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真题剖析 W`-AN}C#
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. +H~
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some poYO
倒装 w+~s}ta2^
全部倒装 R"= pAO.4l
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” bEE'50 D
There stand big buildings in this district. y
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. eZm,K'/!
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) n15F4DnP
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. K Zw"?%H[
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 G_~w0r#
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. vo[Zuv?<h
4. 表语位于句首 qq Sf17sW
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 39QAj&
Not far from here is a famous university. 0BM3:]=wr
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 TC4W7} }
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. +tNu8M@xFo
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. dhW)<
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） T,,,+gPx
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. | *Dklo9{
部分倒装 %11&8F p1s
1. 疑问句 CCO d4
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ^|?/
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. i*'
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 V6Y:l9
Only when he comes back can be leave. w ^?uBeqR
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 R g 7 O
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ika/ G
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Rdd[b?
By no means should you break the rules. 6u`E {$
At no time should we give in to difficulties. %l!Gt"\xm
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) /AX1LYlr
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” hmv"|1Sa!~
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. f\FubL
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
