考博英语语法重点总结 dP$y>%cB
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 aMe%#cLI
独立主格特征 <!$j9) ~x
1. 充当句子的状语。 jJiCF,m
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 DK2c]i^|=
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 A0'tCq]?0
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ,Gf+
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 5<0Yh#_
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. K*hf(w9="%
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). ',v0vyO8
真题剖析 Py( w T%w
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. C={sE*&dYX
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because &@Ji+
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. CJ37:w{%*Y
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 2b vYF ;<r
虚拟语气 cHfK- R
虚拟语气（2） ]kU~ #WT
1. （should）+动词原形 YQlpk@X`2
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 qX}dbuDE"P
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 LS?` {E
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 EV;;N
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 `0-m`> 1>
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 {ILQ
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would rather +动词过去式 B%?|br
真题剖析 **
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … oD|+X/F K
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t M zA
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. v: !7n
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded et7 T)(k0
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. G=0}I Pfp
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take M 2U@gC|{
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. |Cxip&e>
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) RaJ }>e
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should y0Q/ B|&[
非谓语动词 x#!{5;V&K
动名词、分词、不定式。 _*-'yu8#
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) )r-| T&Sn
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 2+hfbFu,1
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ^Xz`hR
真题剖析 ztt%l #
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 0zk
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops WG!;,~f>o
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. y*TNJJ|
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative d1LTyzLr
主谓一致 u{dN>} {
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 %v6]>FNP'3
How you got there doesn’t concern me. wh[:wE]eX
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !n?*vN=S
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 J b-QP'$@
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. "vHAp55B{
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ():?F J M
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 <38@b
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). , $F0D
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 9G\3 hL ]
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. =;?PVAdu%#
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Ydd>A\v \;
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） hF%~iqd
He no less than John is interested in literature. F/,<dNJ
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) # ;KG6I E
Either my father or my brothers are coming. @ %B!$\]
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 &JQ @(w
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ReGb .pf
真题剖析 B0SmE_u_N
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 2n r
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some }u*@b10
倒装 zbKW. u]v
全部倒装 -{sv3|P>
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (+v*u ]w4
There stand big buildings in this district. =id $
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. uM6!RR!~
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Br$PL&e~
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 7CN[Z9Y^}
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 93eqFCF.
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ~O7(0RsCN
4. 表语位于句首 s5
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
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Not far from here is a famous university. VYQbyD{V w
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 %{_
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. nAC#_\
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. s;M*5|-
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） BfL Z
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. EK w\a
部分倒装 >RnMzH/9
1. 疑问句 twS3J)UH
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） XFe7qt;%
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. YU,:3{9,
3. “only+状语”位于句首 }f'1x %RS^
Only when he comes back can be leave. JB_`lefW,'
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 OkUpgXU
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. W+S; Do
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) `R?W @,@'
By no means should you break the rules. Y"%o\ DS*
At no time should we give in to difficulties. x7@HPf
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 28yx X431S
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Z!e q /
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. OFbg]{ub?
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
