考博英语语法重点总结 q 9WdJ!-^X
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 8<!qT1
独立主格特征
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1. 充当句子的状语。 5B2x#
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ]N=C%#ki!
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 gyCb\y+\a
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） mu"
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. x0lX6
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ;S?1E:\av
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 0E\R\KO$>
真题剖析
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. & p_;& P_
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because gP( -Op
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. mnmwO(.
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be t_]UseP$RF
虚拟语气 "E''ZBLO~
虚拟语气（2） ['s_qCA [
1. （should）+动词原形 lh#GD"^(w&
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 r]HLO'<]
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 6J|f^W-fs
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 e/Q [%y.X
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 <q[ *kr
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 M;iaNL(
would rather +动词过去式 f "&q~V4?
真题剖析 A\# ? rK
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … (B$FX<K3
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t zf o.S[R@
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. O4E2 )N
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded R3@iN &
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. =u'/\nxCF
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. wcL0#[
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ^|K*lI/
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should AQ V3ZVP
非谓语动词 >{??/fBd-
动名词、分词、不定式。 ` q@ ~78`
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) |1<Z3\+_/
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) )xK!i.
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 s24H.>Z
真题剖析 r9t{/})A
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. PA=BNKlH
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops "Jwz.,Y\
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. +]e4c;`ko}
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative .cabw+& 7
主谓一致 Rd$<R
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 zSH#j RDV
How you got there doesn’t concern me. bc "N
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. K@,VR3y /
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 > @%!r
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. C,]Ec2
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 <@=NDUI3*,
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Rta P+6'X
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ,]Ma , 2
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 [K KoEZ
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. `WT7w']NT
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) QM]^@2rK2
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） &Xav$6+Z1J
He no less than John is interested in literature. 3 /e !7
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ~h/U ;Da
Either my father or my brothers are coming. EGt)tI&
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 k?#6j1pn
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. HHYcFoJwYN
真题剖析 %xRS9A 4
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 6u yf
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some z yr6Tv61U
倒装 ]3C8
全部倒装 /b|sv$BN
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” &)l:m.
There stand big buildings in this district. uE$o4X
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 8{YxUD
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) :]s] =q&]
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Z7^}G=*
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 A
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 1|VJN
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4. 表语位于句首 v`&Z.9!Tz^
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. GpL#, q Yc
Not far from here is a famous university. KB = z{g
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 c 0 |p34
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. pA'A<|)K0
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. f#5JAR
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） K^H t$04
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.
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部分倒装 eW0=m:6
1. 疑问句 &[kgrRF@HU
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Qx;A; n!lw
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. &iZYBa
3. “only+状语”位于句首 s /M~RB!w
Only when he comes back can be leave. wY#mL1d F
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 %S.U`(.
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. cAS_?"V
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ]'(7T#
By no means should you break the rules. Tm\[q
At no time should we give in to difficulties. de9l;zF
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) G:`Jrh
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” C4]%pi
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. S:/ RYT"
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
