考博英语语法重点总结 +HlZ ?1g
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 v[O?7Np
独立主格特征 Cm9#FA
1. 充当句子的状语。 vK$wc ~
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ,>Dpt <
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 A[u B)wWsn
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） '3xK1Am
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ~bz$] o-<
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 2x~Pq_?y
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). Ezr q2/~Q
真题剖析 H\$uRA oo*
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 2.'hr/ .
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because <M oyL1=
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. (,b\"Q
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be BDLJDyf B
虚拟语气 _}
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虚拟语气（2） Gh 352
1. （should）+动词原形 4K*st8+bl-
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 h=^UMat-
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 1'|gxYT
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 lv+:
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ay]l\d2!3
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 m[Mw2 F
would rather +动词过去式 4 RfBXVS
真题剖析 t:b}Mo0
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … y{ 2\T
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t I@TH ^8(
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. M>xT\
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 8Wgzca
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. )TEod!]
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take pp
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. |(CgX
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 9 9^7Ek!z#
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 204"\ mv
非谓语动词 w| ahb
动名词、分词、不定式。 -)xl?IB%
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Gte\=0Wr
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) We vd6)\
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,
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真题剖析 "=LeHY=9
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops `gyk e2n
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 'H#0-V"=
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative FR>[ g`1
主谓一致 r$Ni>[as
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ddd2w
How you got there doesn’t concern me. I:6XM?
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. -*O L+
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 oTx>oM,
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $4qM\3x0,
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 @!}/$[hu1
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 |g HdTb1
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 6/ T/A+u
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 [j0jAl
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. %oW G"u
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) e/#
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 72_+ b
He no less than John is interested in literature. ,H8M.hbsQ
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) U#I we=
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 5.DmMG[T^=
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 [:q J1^U U
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. (ti!Y"e2
真题剖析 2aX$7E?
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 3Bvz& `\
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some B-$zi oZ
倒装 L3'isaz&^
全部倒装 ; PnN$g]Q
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” i_QiE 2 d
There stand big buildings in this district. 27,c}OS5 o
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 2oOos %0
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) <a&xhG}
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Su Nc&e#(
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 N l/
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. t0kZFU
4. 表语位于句首 b g_io* K
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 2X*n93AQi
Not far from here is a famous university.
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Z;BEUtR
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. zAvI f
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. a/H5Y,b>
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） b$_qG6)IJO
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. %++S;#)~
部分倒装 o?~27
1. 疑问句 =<)/lz] H
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） A7&/3C6{H
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. +2}Ar<el
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 `ZO5-E
Only when he comes back can be leave. K K]R@{ r
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 6W3 ."};
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. yx6^ mis4
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Ux{QYjF E
By no means should you break the rules. RBg2iG$ 8|
At no time should we give in to difficulties. c,ct=m.|6A
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) [D (JEO@ :
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” zlTLp-^Y
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. yd'cLZd<}
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. RdL5V AD
