过去分词与形容词的语义差： XJ6=Hg4_O
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things #4Ltw ,b^
the destructive power of modern weapons 7*(K%e"U
Damaged: being in a bad state M d.^r5r
emotionally damaged children u,`cmyZ
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements Q60 '5Wt
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. vC%Hc/&.}
Respectful: feeling or showing respect LB/1To
They listened in respectful silence. k. ?@qCs[
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. f"aqg/l
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. . 9$
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Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. rtT*2k*
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. !CUX13/0
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. z w}Wm4OH
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. ^
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Lovable: a sweet lovable child >*"1`vcxF
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. ;GZ/ V;S
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. fa 2hQJ02
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 3}nkTZ G
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. [
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虚拟语气 &b=OT%D~FU
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 n1)~/
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1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 #OVS ]Asn}
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 gbT1d :T
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) ]_mcJ/6:
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) , `U'q|b
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 i ?] `9 z
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 #8i9@w
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) N&] _U%#Q
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) ;C~:C^Q\H
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ?xYoCn}Z
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. p(pL"
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 !xz{X ?
(1)不定式作表语
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1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 yN9setw*,M
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 #jT=;G7f2
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 !" s~dL,7
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 P>qDQ1
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 c|(&6(r
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 LseS8F/q
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 p[:E$#W~;
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ?v V&tqnx%
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. +|6 u
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 G\/7V L
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 1D2Yued
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 VTs
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 @{o3NR_
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. &ngG_y8}&
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． G*W54 [
(3)分词作表语 O%p+P<J
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： sX|bp)Nw
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 EbMG9
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 !y-,r4\@`
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 /6nj
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disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 Is#w=s}2
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 zj UT:#(k
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 \Zmn !Gg
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 [ @`K i
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 W
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surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 #/2W RN1L
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 MfK}DEJK,
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 UY `U[#
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 CT#u+]T
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 LL7un_EC
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 Xi"< 'E3_
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 kbKGGn4u
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： : ?J0e4.]
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 _~a5;[~
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 vu =`s|R
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 jp viX#\S_
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 sH `(y)`_
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 `vj" HhC
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 hB 36o9|9
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 2/M:KR
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 N9jSiRJ
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 ~L ufHbr
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 /%9CR'%*c
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 `(6g87h
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 }"o,j>IP
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 7PG|e#
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 I@9 [
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 fx `o
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 d-BUdIz
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 5U 5)$K'OA
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 NNM+Z:
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 |uRZT3bGyj
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 3El5g0'G
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 &yt
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 s!Y` 1h{
