过去分词与形容词的语义差: 4Lh!8g=/
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things V>)OpvoT#
the destructive power of modern weapons O=&0 H|B
Damaged: being in a bad state fc%xS7&
emotionally damaged children Lh"<XYY
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements ?WUA`/[z
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. _ Yx]_Y9I
Respectful: feeling or showing respect -p&" y3<p
They listened in respectful silence. k\YG^I
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. *_{j=sd
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. *{@Nq=fE
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. V>%rv'G8
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. el<s8:lA
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. ygS;$2m%2
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. gX}8#O.K$
Lovable: a sweet lovable child
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. d>&,9c%
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. kr5">"7
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Y3cMC)
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. x{8xW0
虚拟语气 KKPh~ThC
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 C8:f_mJU
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 S6M}WR^,
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Mj?`j_X
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) :&rt)/I
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) ufZDF=$7
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 L>&t|T2
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 cJ
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Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) I-)+bV
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) LTCb@L{^i
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 wn, KY$/
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. #PW9:_BE
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 AW'0,b`v
(1)不定式作表语 *NaB#;+|k`
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 6qpJUkd
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 ,vawzq[oSy
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 a=1@*ID
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 r~8 $1"
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Zw9FJ/Zn@
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 beGa#JH,
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 P [ck84F/
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 E \EsWb
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. ~2N"#b&J
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. qLG&WB
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 nYSiS}?S.
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 7#a-u<HF"
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 ~?Pw& K2
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。 [Ek7b*
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
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His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. L,`L
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(3)分词作表语
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分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有: yYYSeH
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 7"x;~X
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 iByf{ I>+
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 wo/\]5
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 c_pr
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 ! E5HN :#
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 ,PW'#U:
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 i$#;Kpb`^
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 Sy_G,+$\
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 p%Vt#?q
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 q3N
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Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。 SHgN~Um
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 ZvX*t)VjTz
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。 %)1?TU
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。 7Q9 w?y~c
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 U9 s&
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: ksUcx4;a@F
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 JFmC\
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 |syR6(U}
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 o:'MpKm
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 *:7rdzn
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算 V2EUW!gn
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begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 R) h#Vc(
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 };zFJ6I8
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 Dx?,=~W9
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 RbnVL$c
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 +Kc
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 $%d*@'c
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 "HIRTE;&
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ]F~dlH1Wp
bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 5C]x!>kX
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 !;A\.~-!G
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 'IQ0{&E
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choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 q54]1
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claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 /,yd+wcW#
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 0s[Hkhls
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 gr2U6gi
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 W{+2/P
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 #c!lS<z