过去分词与形容词的语义差： <C$< (Dw5
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things eC$v0Gtq
the destructive power of modern weapons QC4T=E]` j
Damaged: being in a bad state HUC2RM?FN
emotionally damaged children %jxuH+L
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. q&E5[/VK:
Respectful: feeling or showing respect A7C+&I!L
They listened in respectful silence. C):d9OI?
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. %5*#c*)R
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. i8Y gG0[)
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. ]7t\%_
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. {,FeNf46
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. g
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5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. q "D
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Lovable: a sweet lovable child %_MR.J+m2
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. &H1 D!N
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. .eNwC .8i
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds )75yv<L2S,
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. b *F~%K^i$
虚拟语气 '&:x_WwVrO
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 o>;0NF| }
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 @\`G & VB
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 $;i$k2n:
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) PnIvk]"Ab
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 8+|V!q
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 J=SB/8tQ)T
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 0 /P-> n~
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) vYR=TN=Z4
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) R
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（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 k3 /JQ]'D
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. {iIg 4PzrU
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 @z$pPo0fW
(1)不定式作表语 76_8e{zbr
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 h/0- Mrk;e
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ?^48Zq6wM
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 gc2 |V6(
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 {uwk[f{z
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ? W2I1HEy
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 n L+YL
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 Tu= eQS|'
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 z@%/r~?|
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. $O~F>.*
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． #}
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 ??\*D9rCn
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 gB{]yA"('
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 x<{;1F,k3
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 @ yg| OA}
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. HoIK x_
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． FU]8.)`G
(3)分词作表语 G%j/eTTf
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： *3.yumcv{L
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 %2Xus9;k#
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 j'#jnP*P
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 9&O#+FU
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 kO..~@ aY
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 h
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 ]HJ{dcF
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 u_}`
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satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 0\\ueMj
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 >0Fxyv8
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 :"OZc7
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Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 AkYupP2]v
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 D rF
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 1&X}1
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 o
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 ONjC(7
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： ewb* ?In
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 pchQ#GU
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 uI%N?
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 );Tx5Z}
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 NEq t).
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 ?60>'Xj j
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 u/z,92mmS
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 AC 9{*K[
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 [GtcaX{Zz
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 *
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agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 j`>?"1e@x
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 17e=GL
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ^dFh g_GhF
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 ~Y\QGuT
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 uQeqnGp
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 PPUEkvH
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 aML#Z |n
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 5iP8D<;o5
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 :*#rRQ>t
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
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consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 6*sw,sU[y
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 t
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 AU/#b(mI
