过去分词与形容词的语义差： UJ$:5*S=u
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things y Wtr,
the destructive power of modern weapons ~{G: ,|`
Damaged: being in a bad state X2YOD2<v
emotionally damaged children <SZO-
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements !gHWYWu)!
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. m@u`$rOh
Respectful: feeling or showing respect rI+w1';C1
They listened in respectful silence. =>\-ma+
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. eI rmD
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. .{ a2z*o
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. /.YAFH|i)"
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 89#0vG7m
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 6H,=S`V]EK
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. 0uO=wOIhH
Lovable: a sweet lovable child CN~NyJL H
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. SuH.lCF-g
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. `{lAhZ5
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds [RPAk
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 0/@ X!|X
虚拟语气 JOx ,19r
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 'R d*X6dv
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 !FO^:V<|5
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 6eYf2sZ;J
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) k7|z$=zY
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) !_-sTZ
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 .A7tq
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 =c h
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Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) tG2OVRx8u
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) QK!:q{
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 _p J_V>l
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
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2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 Xvj=*wg\Y
(1)不定式作表语 r ctSS:1
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 A?IZ(
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To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 Ur([L &
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 Go\} A:| s
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 @9uYmkcV
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 \YlF>{LVe
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
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3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 S@}B:}2
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 lQdnL.w$.4
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. uqa4&2(I=j
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． B]|6`UfB
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 \U!@OX.R'M
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 S0N2rU
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 b@ wBR9 s
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 5"kx}f2$
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. lHcZi
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． T,W Ko B
(3)分词作表语 QOT) x4 !)
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： ~IlF*Zz#}6
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 -7I1Lh#M
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 dNUR)X#e
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 f`hy Yp`d5
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 ,pyQP^u-
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 Jt2,LL:G
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 %XJQ0CE<(
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 (ve+,H6w\
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 *?_qE
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 QFW0K D`5
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 lx{.H,1~
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 zBk_ -'z
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 FOCoiocPi
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 X,RT<G NNb
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 0LWdJ ($?
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： Qm.z@DwFM{
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 CN.6E<9'kK
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 %{R _^Y8t
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 j
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afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 XnBm`vk?V!
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 2B HKS-J*
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 \s
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appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 r_L
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cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 h ZoC _\
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 "@.Z#d|Y
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 &&; ex9
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 3PfiQ|/b
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 Q> kiVvc
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 1'Nh jL
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 RNGO~:k?r
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 csYy7uzi
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 T`
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choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 j*X jY[
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 s~L`53A
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 .+OB!'dDK^
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 {`a(Tl8 V
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 8 +9\ 7*
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 v' C@jsx M
