考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 2f{T6=SK  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 t-7og;^8k  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 WeMAe w/d  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 *:hyY!x  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) p&N#_dmlH  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. UE :HMn6  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. W5pb;74|  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). L{8;Ud_2r  
　　真题剖析 ?
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　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. k<j"~S1  
　　45. A. For UiQEJXwnz  
　　B. As "y;bsZBd"  
　　C. With !EBY@ Y1  
　　D. Because b]Z@^<_E  
　　练习： 6'C2SihYp  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. kc$)^E7  
　　8. A. is zsXpA0~ 3s  
　　B. having 6^)}PX= *  
　　C. being oPQtGl p  
　　D. be G"dS+,Q  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 CE%_A[a  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 :t("L-GPW  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 O;9?(:_  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ~P*4V]L^  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Iah[j,]r  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 =aG xg57  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 tY|8s]{2  
　　would rather +动词过去式 w.{&=WTr  
　　真题剖析 UUe#{6Jx_  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ]< l6s  
　　47. A. do S$q=;"  
　　B. did lSwcL  
　　C. don’t *e>]~Z,  
　　D. didn’t (!L5-8O  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. r,1e 'd:  
　　53. A. ordered D;}xr_  
　　B. pleaded bUwn}_7b  
　　C. decided C4$:mJ>y  
　　D. demanded -Apc$0ZsN  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. &)d$t'7p  
　　15. A. took <xpph t<  
　　B. would take ;*TIM%6#  
　　C. will take X
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　　D. should take I=)hWC/  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. z4%uN|V  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) H9XvO  
　　54.A. shall <*ZJaBwWU~  
　　B.will JCx WWre  
　　C.would 1@48BN8cm'  
　　D.should PX:'/{V  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 P9Yy9_a|x  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) <P[T!gST  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) hd\gH^wk  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 : JzI>/  
　　真题剖析 K5ZC:Ks  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. oBQ#eW aY  
　　60. A. dropped #4MBoN(3  
　　B. to drop ?_x q-  
　　C. dropping 4'j sD cs  
　　D.drops WG*t::NN  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. >z;[2n'  
　　59. A. destructive =ph&sn$;L  
　　B. dissatisfied 6
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　　C. damaged W >r#RXmh  
　　D. derivative Re:jVJgBz  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Wcb7 ;~K  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 5>3}_  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. /27Jev
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 s]mo$ _na  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. E$W{8?:{  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 }I3gU  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 JdIlWJY  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). l"\~yNgk  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 !d<"nx[2`  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. +!QJTn"3  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) <;E
 
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) x~.:64  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 0ye!R   
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) pF ^#}L  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming.  K;LZ-  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 66^ycZCH  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. )p!7#v/@f  
　　真题剖析 gp$Ucfu'  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. _qbIh  
　　53. A. none f;}EhG'  
　　B. few n@ w^V   
　　C. any kdb(I@6  
　　D. some  ;raN  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 Q[+ac*F=Y  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” tDr#H!2 3  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. JWA@ +u*k  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. erVO|<%=R  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) s}pIk.4ot!  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. V'w@rc\XN