英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 Vm I
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1. 充当句子的状语。 nx{X^oc8e
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ]yFO~ 4Nu
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 !0KN A1w,
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) '8 @4FXK
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. <fgf L9-
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. <hgfgk7<
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). qyY/:&E, Z
真题剖析 oHu 7<r
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. H$zD k
45. A. For m^tf=O<
B. As nIUts?mB
C. With `yRt?UQRS
D. Because ]0}NF
练习： p%\&M bA
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. dA(+02 U/.
8. A. is U[ogtfv`m
B. having M=5hp&=
C. being O%} hNTS"
D. be 1w 9zl}
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 R]S !PSoL
1. (should)+动词原形 {'+.?g
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 U)(' }u=b
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 (~ #-J7
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (Ii +}Mfp
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 >
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <$ `
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would rather +动词过去式 t"&qaG{
真题剖析 Z4T{CwD `D
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … H+N6 VVnO
47. A. do 9%?a\#C
B. did ^^[A\'
C. don’t U/{#~P5s
D. didn’t c&#B 1NN<
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. >ZnnGX6$(
53. A. ordered Es1T{<G|w
B. pleaded wQOIUvd
C. decided :LTjV"f
D. demanded iGIry^D
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. (U|WP%IM'
15. A. took !=v d:,
B. would take 3s,a%GO k
C. will take *#o2b-[V
D. should take w+{ o^ O
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. VO7&<Y}{x
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) h"ATRr^
54.A. shall _qSVYVJ u
B.will a)rT3gl
C.would L&Pj0K-HT3
D.should ?s9f}>
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 1,pPLc(
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) n6#z{,W<3
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) a}kPc}n\
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,TQ;DxB}=E
真题剖析 z_nY>_L83*
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. c #8@>;
60. A. dropped k$ w#:Sx
B. to drop O+ J0X*&x
C. dropping X "Q\MLy
D.drops
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. :2AlvjvjZ
59. A. destructive LTnbBh*mc
B. dissatisfied |
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C. damaged m/ng PeZ
D. derivative RtF!(gd
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 v)LSH;<
How you got there doesn’t concern me. g ~>nT>
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Rh{`#dI~ =
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ]n m(V
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. }}4uLGu)
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 u Uh6/=y
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 C@@PL sMg
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). k~=P0";
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 FOS*X
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. z]1g; j
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) fs8C ^Ik>~
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ,gIeQ!+vy
He no less than John is interested in literature. f:ep~5] G
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) <E7y:%L[Go
Either my father or my brothers are coming. r
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 iy|xF~
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. SHqz &2u
真题剖析 Lc f]
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. kvam`8SeL
53. A. none h `Xl~=
B. few .zvv k
C. any j/hm)*\io
D. some /B5rWJ2AS
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 6bBNC2K$-
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 7h\U}!
There stand big buildings in this district. |6~ Kin
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. uEyu s96 +
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ]9hhAT44
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 6#kK
