考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 Q8MIpa!:  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 f}J(nz>Sh  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ,J8n}7aI  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Ptf(p`  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) :AS`1\ C  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. BM'!odR
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　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. M~N/er  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). r! HXhl  
　　真题剖析 7f4O~4.[i  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. $rI 1|;^  
　　45. A. For Qn,6s%n  
　　B. As 4(8trD6  
　　C. With 1I{8 |  
　　D. Because A&bj l[s  
　　练习： 4eY?#8  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. N-]/MB8  
　　8. A. is "L:4 7!8  
　　B. having 2 U]d1  
　　C. being //_H_ue$  
　　D. be BqY_N8l&E  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 ~y2zl  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 UhpJGO  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 \?d3Pn5`  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 2h'Wu qO  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 m$kQbPlatN  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 9MYk5q.X:  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 6FQi=}O1  
　　would rather +动词过去式 iBd6&?E?<  
　　真题剖析 m&Mupl  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … `(sb  
　　47. A. do `daqzn  
　　B. did ||_hET  
　　C. don’t -juG[zn  
　　D. didn’t AO$AT_s  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. hlaN'j <C  
　　53. A. ordered ^ RA'E@"  
　　B. pleaded GWnIy6TH l  
　　C. decided "y,YC M`  
　　D. demanded o@Oz a  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. s|]g@czan  
　　15. A. took qW0:q.   
　　B. would take :oP LluW*  
　　C. will take tcuwGs>_  
　　D. should take Yf w>x[#e  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. GQqGrUQ*}  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) G^~[|a4`  
　　54.A. shall - {cHp  
　　B.will xzOa9w/  
　　C.would 3/kT'r  
　　D.should _rT\?//B  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 7K1-.uQ  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) /kW Z 8Z  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 7 A)\:k  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 g* q#VmE  
　　真题剖析 ~[g(@Xt  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 5p;AON  
　　60. A. dropped K}~$h,n  
　　B. to drop H_DCdUgC'  
　　C. dropping ]gk1q{Ql<  
　　D.drops RP4/:sO  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. Rh!UbEPjC  
　　59. A. destructive :C~Ar]  
　　B. dissatisfied ?\}Gi(VVE  
　　C. damaged 
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　　D. derivative hi
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 {Su?*M2y  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. Jh26!%<Bl  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. g{8
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。  +\/Q  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. DBT4 W/  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 LK^|JEu  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 (o^tmH*  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "[bkdL<  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 9mF'  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ]P4WfV d  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Njq}M/{U  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等)
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　　He no less than John is interested in literature. =~#mF<z5  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 4ot<Uw5  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. !ifU}qFzK  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 FXQWT9Kk~_  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. #EzBB*kP  
　　真题剖析 W^(zP/  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 7- B.<$uC  
　　53. A. none H;Wrcf2  
　　B. few xQoZ[  
　　C. any Ltlp9 S  
　　D. some 2M %j-yG"  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 (jc@8@Wo.  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” #mxOwvJ  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. CSM"Kz`  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. xc^ @"  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) "<,lqIqA;  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. F%OP,>zl