考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 I F!xZ6X8  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 0 Q7<;'m  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 _/>I-\xWA  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 L{>rN`{  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 8i73iTg(  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ]O:8o<0  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. iH-,l  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). W9c&"T9JT  
　　真题剖析 [T7&)p  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. }15&<s  
　　45. A. For <$A/ ('  
　　B. As aDX&j2/  
　　C. With ~YW;'  
　　D. Because cOpe6H6,bz  
　　练习： xu-bn  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. BWYv.&=(  
　　8. A. is p{GO-gE@  
　　B. having ERK{smL  
　　C. being sXP
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　　D. be Kzq^f=p  
s1Wn.OGR4  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 /[>_Ry,  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 .
c<U5/  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 FPK=Tr:b  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ;DZj.|Sj+  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 CL5^>.}  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ; Gv-$0{P3  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 o(54 A['  
　　would rather +动词过去式 `]GL3cIh:  
　　真题剖析 GcO:!b*YMp  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … {*hGe_^  
　　47. A. do qu$FpOJ  
　　B. did Z)(#D($-  
　　C. don’t @ kv~2m  
　　D. didn’t 1 7l?li  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. _f>)G 3p  
　　53. A. ordered 2'W#x  
　　B. pleaded e9:pS WA-n  
　　C. decided gxI/MD~!>  
　　D. demanded Z{#3-O<a+n  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Imzh`SI,  
　　15. A. took 9
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　　B. would take ca0vN^Ji  
　　C. will take ]-X\n  
　　D. should take SV95
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　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. $'!n4}$}  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) <H< Aba9\  
　　54.A. shall ~pI`_3  
　　B.will D"fjk1  
　　C.would "<&o ;x<  
　　D.should L4u.cHJ}0  
b=WkRj  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ;U tEHvE*  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) =3V4HQi  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) O7&OCo|b%>  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 3XbFg%8YG  
　　真题剖析 5*B'e{C  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. QqeF   
　　60. A. dropped 3%x-^.  
　　B. to drop [c=![*}/  
　　C. dropping P=9sP:[f6  
　　D.drops |NjyO>@Pa  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. $'a]l R  
　　59. A. destructive %uP/v\l  
　　B. dissatisfied jM'Fb.>~  
　　C. damaged hNp.%XnnZ  
　　D. derivative lrMkp@f.  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ]zvOM^l~  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. (i@(ZG]/  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering.  VOmS>'$  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 b0/[+OY
 
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. k@9q5lu;T  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 Zl2doXC  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 VF"c}
  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). rV I-Yb  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 5pE@Ww  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Oo %%f+  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) @y# u!}  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) E{}eYU
 
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. QVR-`d/  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) LFQPysC  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. w:9n/[  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Bq\WG= Fd  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. A^
ry|4`3(  
　　真题剖析 Qhn>aeW,  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. `&A-m8X  
　　53. A. none lN::veD  
　　B. few \,b_8^  
　　C. any (Yc}V  
　　D. some [i N}W5 m  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 ()@+QE$  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” e5cvm UF_W  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. "V7&@3  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. pd}af iF  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) sMqAuhw$.  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.  ,O"zz7