考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 (U|W=@8`  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 |@d7o]eM|  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 :L\@+}{(c  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 6.K)uQgjmv  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Y|1kE;  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. y;Dw%m  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. u1>|
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　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). nq_sbli  
　　真题剖析 $=H\#e)]Ug  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. {){i ONd  
　　45. A. For tK]r>?Y\  
　　B. As pT[C[ h:  
　　C. With srC'!I=s>8  
　　D. Because *=r,V  
　　练习： BH%eu 7`t  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. oYqlN6n,=6  
　　8. A. is 
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　　B. having 4Jo:^JV  
　　C. being =DF7l<&km  
　　D. be Pm;"Y!S<  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 WvN5IHo 8i  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 G~^Pkl3%T  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 i' N  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ,D~C40f  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 OGh bHa  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 5H?`a7q N  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 eK3J9;X  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ~M43#E[oOF  
　　真题剖析 %'t~+_  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 2rD`]neA  
　　47. A. do ]y!|x_5c3  
　　B. did [)9bR1wh  
　　C. don’t ^=Up UB  
　　D. didn’t 7kG >s9O  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. _.wLQL~y  
　　53. A. ordered &*L:4By)]  
　　B. pleaded cdzMao  
　　C. decided 4$ejJaE  
　　D. demanded qFf'RgUtP  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 6}{2W<  
　　15. A. took lXL\e(ow  
　　B. would take \asF~P  
　　C. will take AUxLch+"5K  
　　D. should take nM) ]  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. a*74FVZo.;  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) >y%$]0F1  
　　54.A. shall U}7$:hO"dX  
　　B.will 8R8J./i.K  
　　C.would ~"brfjd|  
　　D.should )!p=0&z@{  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 y|iZuHS}  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) x\;`x$3t  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) RiaO`|1  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ~>xn9vb=  
　　真题剖析 Lm:O vVVB  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. hG&RGN_<6+  
　　60. A. dropped XC0G5rtB  
　　B. to drop qmO Gsj`#  
　　C. dropping kH1l -mxz  
　　D.drops v ?n`kw  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. E)H8jBm6w  
　　59. A. destructive 9BNAj-Xa  
　　B. dissatisfied 7:{4'Wr@6|  
　　C. damaged c{rX7+bN  
　　D. derivative -(Taj[;[  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 )0fQ(3oOg  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. "{qhk{  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. wToz{!n  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Wq F(  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. +lO Y IQ  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 /M v\~vg$1  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 7+#^:;19`  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). /PQg>Pa85  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 m5{Y  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. V*U"OJ%  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) #
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　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ~9h6"0K!  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. zP rT0  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) V\!FD5%  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. RvYew!n  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ruB&&C6)v  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. x #BUIi  
　　真题剖析 v-42_}  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. SO]x^+ [  
　　53. A. none (}gF{@sn  
　　B. few ,Xo9gn  
　　C. any _+z@Qn?#6h  
　　D. some L4 x  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 ]rZ"5y  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” D'|#5>G  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. F{bET  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. W-7yi`5  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) isQ{Xt~K  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. _GI [SzD