考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 !0ce kSesr  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 OpK.Lsd0y  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ;Rhb@]X  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 j1puB  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) WDEe$k4.  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. l801`~*gO  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. izPh1YA  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). pd4cg?K  
　　真题剖析 _\dt?(m|  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. .!(,$'(@=  
　　45. A. For 3ar=1_Ar  
　　B. As }pMP!%|  
　　C. With |e*GzD  
　　D. Because }xDB ~k  
　　练习： 2yN%~C?$  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. L 42|>%uo  
　　8. A. is z,{e]MB)M  
　　B. having tu\mFHvl g  
　　C. being 8p (!]^z  
　　D. be 3{<R5wUo"  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 iQt!PMF.  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 :GQUM 6  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Aoj6k\YX  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 )ll?-FZ   
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 q0&Wk"X%rr  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 9Z&?R++?  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 _u>t3RUA  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ,I]7g4~  
　　真题剖析 Bi]D{m
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　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … wL;]1&Qq  
　　47. A. do {|s/]W  
　　B. did \}Dpb%^\  
　　C. don’t  JwZ?hc  
　　D. didn’t Rab#7Q16Q8  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. vF"c  
　　53. A. ordered OR]T`meO  
　　B. pleaded $,TGP+vH  
　　C. decided (
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　　D. demanded c4\C[$   
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. G+U3wF],  
　　15. A. took + 3h`UF  
　　B. would take sTkIR5Z  
　　C. will take I~)cYl:|G  
　　D. should take D}w<84qX  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. X(]Zr  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) %swR:
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　　54.A. shall 2
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　　B.will u,eZ6  
　　C.would &UL_bG}  
　　D.should ACb/ITu  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 zie=2  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 4O(@'#LLz  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Rn-G @}f  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 i?;R}%~  
　　真题剖析 fywvJ$HD]L  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *_1[[~Aw  
　　60. A. dropped mRwT_(;t  
　　B. to drop WS:5MI,OL  
　　C. dropping UQI f}iR  
　　D.drops OQScW2a&  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ]GX \|1L  
　　59. A. destructive W8]V  
　　B. dissatisfied jJBnDxsA  
　　C. damaged +?[BU<X6u  
　　D. derivative B[F-gq-  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 J#Z5^)$  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. R?pRxY  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. `#Kx|x6  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 =P`~t<ajB  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. vfwA$7N  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 I :)W*SK  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 }$kQs!#  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). R^n@.^8s  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 c|AtBgvf  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. XIAeCU  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) T9syo/(  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) !kL> ,O>/  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 6CCbBA  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) z;

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　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. o.7{O,v  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 "i&"* ~  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. "D][e'  
　　真题剖析 iv&v8;B  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. p fT60W[m  
　　53. A. none jS<_ )  
　　B. few 7~1IO|4t  
　　C. any p'94SXO_  
　　D. some D@oCP =m<  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 )ChqATKg  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” X"aEJ|y  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. M*eJ JY  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. qMYe{{r  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 6Jz^  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. MV >$BW