英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格 O@P"MXEG
1. 充当句子的状语。 rs.) CMk53
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ME d
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3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 F5Va+z,j g
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) b]y2+A.n
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. *8Z32c+C
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. {8OCXus3m
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). "o D[v
真题剖析 "}!G!k:
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. MJvp6n
45. A. For m2o0y++TjW
B. As v1[29t<I!
C. With Uv.)?YeGh
D. Because O CU
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练习： :>*7=q=
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. xwr8` ?]y
8. A. is pGZ8F
B. having N0lC0
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C. being ,^:.dFH6
D. be <!+Az,-
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气 虚拟语气 g*Phv|kI
1. (should)+动词原形 y^k$Us
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Rv=YFo[B
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Th%zn2R B
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 @oNXZRg6
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 %*U'@r(A
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 phK/
would rather +动词过去式 ebq4g387X
真题剖析 ),)lzN%!
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Dq Pw#<"H
47. A. do 2/f}S?@
B. did XG?8s
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C. don’t G)YcJv7
D. didn’t N;R^h? '
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ==B6qX8T
53. A. ordered BWNi [^]
B. pleaded 0%B/,/PxD
C. decided @d_M@\r=j
D. demanded Z,=1
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 1cDF!X]
15. A. took "&] -2(
B. would take $x qa{L%B
C. will take ~~.}ah/_d
D. should take _GPe<H
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. >_TZ'FT
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) [7-?7mp!B
54.A. shall > !JS:5|
B.will WA qINLdX
C.would 8|^7ai[am
D.should AX INThJ
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 =w JX 0A|
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) iscz}E,Y
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) x^ni1=kU
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 s" |Pdc4
真题剖析
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. FmW(CGs
60. A. dropped &m3lXl
B. to drop y-k.U%
C. dropping v19-./H^
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D.drops x2EUr,7
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. K9[UB
59. A. destructive ' QG?nu
B. dissatisfied ? [AD=rUC
C. damaged >z03{=sAN
D. derivative ]d] ]'Hk
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Ba,`TJ%y
How you got there doesn’t concern me. \RiP
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. y
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 NUZl`fu1Z4
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. b-DvW4B
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 \G[ $:nS
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 H)?z
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). /(cPfZZ
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 .]u /O`c]
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. $X6h|?3U,
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) tc! #wd+u
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) -~1~I
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He no less than John is interested in literature. 2 nCA<&
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _U
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. L_T5nD^D
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 M-71 1|eGI
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. XwmL.Gg:]7
真题剖析 Tbq;h ?D
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. {mg2pf hB!
53. A. none \dVOwr
B. few 5+'<R8{:,
C. any C _Dn{
D. some ;TYBx24vD'
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五考博英语语法：倒装 全部倒装 (zk"~ Ud
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” w<#!h6Y=
There stand big buildings in this district. &Jj<h: *
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. s<Ziegmw|g
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) LoV<:|GTI
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ]Um/FA W
