考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 7a @V2cr@  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 TxxW/f9D  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 V(w[`^I>~  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 6E_YQbdy  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) EDnmYaa)dZ  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ;7 IVg[f  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. YW/<. 0rI  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). e3(0L I  
　　真题剖析 4)XN1r:  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. MJ92S(  
　　45. A. For }i/{8OuW  
　　B. As v $pARt  
　　C. With KTf!Pf?g  
　　D. Because FWD9!M
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　　练习： +<3tv&"  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. o+aB[+  
　　8. A. is "`&?<82  
　　B. having [
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　　C. being xt3IR0  
　　D. be y XS/3_A{  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 moc_}(  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 YemOP9  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 @l@lE0  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 >\>HRyt%  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 [IHT)%>E8&  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 >\@6i s  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Y RA[qc  
　　would rather +动词过去式 : ;d&m  
　　真题剖析 6aj)Fe'
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　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … }}Q|O]e  
　　47. A. do \l]jX: 9(  
　　B. did pR~PB  
　　C. don’t s2d;601*b  
　　D. didn’t `T~M:\^D  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. !>2s5^JI9  
　　53. A. ordered r]8B6iV  
　　B. pleaded 7dW9i
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　　C. decided Q
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　　D. demanded )6!SFj>.O  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. o^>*aQ!7<D  
　　15. A. took e[{LNM{/#  
　　B. would take xat)9Yb}0  
　　C. will take m2N ?Fg  
　　D. should take eo,m ^&  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. C#vh2'  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) %PyU3  
　　54.A. shall dqG+hh^  
　　B.will na/t=<{  
　　C.would )Oa"B;\j  
　　D.should uwf3  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ku`'w;5jT  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) W+1V&a}E  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1R,n[`}h  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Tk+\Biq   
　　真题剖析 "7gS*v,r  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ^\_`0%`>  
　　60. A. dropped AKL~F|t  
　　B. to drop \@I.K+hj$  
　　C. dropping 2]Y (<PC  
　　D.drops ir/2/ E  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ,riwxl5*E/  
　　59. A. destructive I,?bZ&@8  
　　B. dissatisfied Fbk<qQH  
　　C. damaged y)/d-  
　　D. derivative )\^%w9h  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 #=
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　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. c*\^61T  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. f+/ ^1~^  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 R HF;AX n  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. oNiS"\t  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 0.+iVOz+Y  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 2RM1-j ($  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ]qpcA6%a|  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 R~c(^.|r  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. L8Z?B\  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Ha 3XH_  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) S - 7JDE>  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. u1<xt1K  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 4+ 4?
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　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. & [3!Lk`.0  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 t?c*(?Xa  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. uCUBs(iD  
　　真题剖析 G\P*zzSq  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. A4
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　　53. A. none c%B=TAs5c  
　　B. few FyY;F;4P  
　　C. any />n0&~k[h  
　　D. some 1,pg:=N9  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 w=f8UtY9@A  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” )s^XVs.-  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. =h&^X>!  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. RF6|zCWuI  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) *}2o \h6Q  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. X5<L