考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 [4dX[  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 JdWa v!PYm  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 '`W6U]7>  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 a gL@A  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Up_"qD6  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. (q}LirR  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. "K+EZ%~<  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). *ywr_9  
　　真题剖析 fu F{8-ua  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 8=0I4\  
　　45. A. For 4)'U!jSb  
　　B. As 37jrWe6xwp  
　　C. With #Oq.}x?i  
　　D. Because GWWaH+F[h  
　　练习： /?z3*x  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. G!%8DX5  
　　8. A. is ub`zS-vb  
　　B. having jPZpJ:  
　　C. being 1_Av_X  
　　D. be \W= qqE]  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 A %^7D.j  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 P4/~_$e  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 O(D2F$VlL  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 r}D#(G$  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 \ a (ce?C  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 [8[<4~{  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 iJmzVR+  
　　would rather +动词过去式 E\;%,19Ob  
　　真题剖析 _u~0t`f~  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 6f ?,v5  
　　47. A. do IvI..#EzG  
　　B. did wp> z04  
　　C. don’t r`h".=oD
 
　　D. didn’t S'hUh'PZ  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. N>]J$[j  
　　53. A. ordered ?A*!rW:l;  
　　B. pleaded n&?)gKL0g  
　　C. decided 1KBGML-K3  
　　D. demanded v_WQ<G?  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. R:R<Xt N`5  
　　15. A. took uKvdL "  
　　B. would take & 0WQF
  
　　C. will take X ,^([$  
　　D. should take lI.oyR'  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. h8(>$A-  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) IAq o(Qm  
　　54.A. shall `ZI-1&Y3  
　　B.will :2,NKdD  
　　C.would ~dpf1fP  
　　D.should )7o?}"I  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 $uyx  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) k,k>w #&  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^+CHp(X  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 QKlsBq  
　　真题剖析 gkA_<,38  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. A1,q3<<D%  
　　60. A. dropped _6ck@  
　　B. to drop IM/xBP  
　　C. dropping W{tZX^|  
　　D.drops F s%`W4/  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. C c:<F_UI  
　　59. A. destructive Z${eDl6i  
　　B. dissatisfied 7*KUM6z  
　　C. damaged L+<h5>6  
　　D. derivative W0~G`A(:;  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +,LWyvc'  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. |vl~B|",  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. w
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 -9,~b9$  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. '6& o:t  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 E1OrL.A6  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 BOG.[?yx  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). D_
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 :ZIa   
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. b(;u2 8  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) nM2<u[{gF  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) <%S)6cw(3  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. DlE,aYB  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) \+O.vRc"M  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. F! ztU8,  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Zdqm|_R[  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ge GhM>G  
　　真题剖析 7N[".V]c  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. `HXv_9  
　　53. A. none 5buW\_G)  
　　B. few U,EoCAm>  
　　C. any b^h_`  
　　D. some ?0qD(cfx<  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 Nbd4>
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” $e7%>*?m  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. .s*N1 U?h  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. l1DJ<I2  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 2M
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　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. [q2:d^_F
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