考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 XC390t  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 ]i `~J  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 d)$seZB  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 8jLO-^X<<  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) cyL|.2,  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 5:EE%(g9  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. aKRnj!4z  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). vDc&m  
　　真题剖析 PbMvM  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. y ] $-:^  
　　45. A. For 2Myz[)<P_  
　　B. As Y[;Z7p  
　　C. With [ID#PUle  
　　D. Because *vzj (HGO  
　　练习： ]U 1S?p  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ~@D!E/
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　　8. A. is uv7tbI"r  
　　B. having cn_*,\}  
　　C. being l W Lj==  
　　D. be $I\lJ8  
B :1r;8{j  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 &+ pp;1ls  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 T\T>\&nY+|  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 '[[*(4a3  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 .[o?qCsw  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 :DBJ2n  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 {_J1m&/  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 /KCIb:U  
　　would rather +动词过去式 +r__>V,  
　　真题剖析 K%>3ev=y.s  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … th|TwD&mO  
　　47. A. do J`A )WsKkb  
　　B. did L>2gx$f  
　　C. don’t aw'o=/a8  
　　D. didn’t Csx??T_>r  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. %@[ ~s,6<  
　　53. A. ordered )%(H'omvl  
　　B. pleaded WLN;LT  
　　C. decided nA XWbavY  
　　D. demanded 7.1FRxS  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. EoHrXv  
　　15. A. took  Wwo`R5  
　　B. would take ^Jn=a9Q6Z  
　　C. will take KH76Vts  
　　D. should take [%BWCd8Q~P  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Je;HAhL  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) U10:@Wzh  
　　54.A. shall }VXZM7@u  
　　B.will 1jQlwT(:  
　　C.would Sc3B*.  
　　D.should I r;Z+}4>Y  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 e't1.%w  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Z?tw#n[T  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %W]"
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 D<XRu4^;  
　　真题剖析 9q f=P3  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 5X"WgR;  
　　60. A. dropped d<B= p&~  
　　B. to drop :yC|Q)   
　　C. dropping =5Auk5&  
　　D.drops ,}_uk]AQ  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. &26H  
　　59. A. destructive %G >V .d  
　　B. dissatisfied ck4g=QpD{  
　　C. damaged VyL|d^'f_  
　　D. derivative -$m?ShDd  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 3 teanU`  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. N`%f+eT(  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 9K`uGu  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 xg2 
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　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. PC}m.tE  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 &BDdJwE  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 S0<m><|kl  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). !,3U_!  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 rv?d3QqIC  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Y2,\WKa  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) az2CFd^ M  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) :'LG%E:b  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. xz$S5tgDQK  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) @j Y_^8#S  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. rX<gcntv  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 dnP3{!"b  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Qb;5:U/x  
　　真题剖析 SLze) ?.  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. yNb :zoT  
　　53. A. none PNbs7f  
　　B. few !B3lsXLSY  
　　C. any =abth6#)  
　　D. some +i[w& P  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 H? =D,  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” [[[QBplJ  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Z)U#5|sf  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. X; gN[  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) (pjmE7`"P  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. N3};M~\