(2)动词have第三人称用has,其余人称都用have。 3 _:yHwkD
(3)第三人称单数需要在动词词尾加-s或-es。 p:k>!8.Qho
2)基本用法 -}9ZZ#K
(1)用于表示客观真理、科学事实或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态,常用的时 _R]la&^2F\
间标志是:often, always, sometimes, usually, every day ( week, month, year, morning ) , xlqRW"
seldom等。例如: KSqWq:W+
The sun rises in the east. z]=A3!H/Y
He usually goes to work by bus. 50l=B]M
The Jones always go to church on Sunday. 3@KX|-
(2)表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作,常用的词有:go, be, start, arrive, stay等。例 pUYa1 =
如: wR@fB
The plane arrives in Beijing this afternoon. 477jS6 ^e&
The project starts early this year. B:&/*HU
There is a conference tonight. ]|Vm*zO
(3)由if, when 引导的条件和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: #";(&|7
When you see him, please say hello to him for me. OY51~#BF
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. jv5p_v4%O
2 、一般过去时 _E:]qv
1)构成:动词过去式 1;4TA}'H
2)基本用法 c3`X19'%fM
用于表示过去某一时刻或时期内发生的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有: C*/d%eHD
yesterday, then, later, next day, just now, a moment ago,ago, last year (week, month)或由 o\g",O4-
when, while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。例如: Pp@ P]
He died five years ago. %=]~5a9
In those days we sowed the wheat by hand. G3OqRH
He has given up smoking, but a year ago he kRT
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smoked 100 cigarettes a week. g&\
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When he was a child, he sold newspapers for a living. rts@1JY[
3 、一般将来时 ,-vbR&
1)构成 &`Z>z T}
will +动词原形 W.HM!HQp
2)基本用法 Hb#8?{
用于表示将来的动作或状态。常用的时间标志词有:the day after tomorrow in等。 <FRYt-+
例如:They will have a final examination this afternoon. W-<C%9O!
3)表示将来时的其他形式 TF^Rh4
(1) “be going to + 动词原形”表示很快就要发生的 事或打算要做的事或有迹象表 {}s7q|$
明即将发生的事。例如: : ,fs'!
The director is going to call on a meeting to discuss it.
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&
(2) “be to +动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止或 dArg
'Dc4
可能性。例如: X) owj7U;
The Prime Minister is to speak on TV tonight. {<v?Z_!68
(3) “be + 现在分词”表示一个最近按计划或安排要 进行的动作,常用于表示位 l <Tkg9
置转移的词,如go, come,arrive,leave, start等,或其他动词。例如: H]H*Ouu["e
We're leaving on Friday. &
VJ+X|Z
They're moving to another hotel the day after tomorrow. i
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(4)“be about + 动词原形”表示即将做某事。可译 成汉语“将要,正要”。例如: >KNiMW^V
He is about to retire. [O2xE037h`
4 、现在进行时
X/}kNW!q
1)构成:由 “am, is, are + 现在分词”构成。 z
{wJQZ9"
2)基本用法 k-Hy>
5;
(1) 用于此刻正在进行的动作。例如: .D(H@3qA@
What are you doing ? I'm writing a report. Tv_KdOv8
Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you. ]]Sz|6 P
(2) 与always, continually, constantly, for ever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩 )>QpR8
G-
(赞叹、抱怨、厌烦等)的现阶段经常发生的动作。例如: ]u?|3y^(
He is constantly complaining about his job. =2F;'T\6
She’s always borrowing and forgetting to pay me back. W4%I%&j
5 、现在完成时 @SjISZw_
1)构成: 由“have / has 十过去分词”构成。 3yX^
93
2)基本用法 l+HmG< P
表示动作已经完成或刚刚完成或过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,而且可能持续下 (u-K^xC
去。常用的时间标志词有:already, before, ever, just, once, recently, yet 等或由since iH<:wLY&J
引导的短语或从句和for引导的表示一段时间的短语。例如:
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We’ve just back. `$*I%oT;
We have studied English for more than ten years. Hb55RilC
He has lived here since 1995. S~()A*5
I have played the piano since 1 came to England. G8z.JX-7g
Have you booked your hotel yet Y)H~*-vGu
注意:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
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(1)过去与现在的关系 fUx;_GX?
这两种时态都表示过去发生过的动作,但前者强调的是过去的动作对现在的影 U2<8U
响,后者只表示过去某一时间发生过的动作而与现在无关,即不强调该动作对现在 O$zXDxn
造成的影响。 ]s_,;PG U
(2)时间状语不同 KG<. s<
一般过去时带有明确的表示过去时间的状语,现在完成时带有already, yet, just, cZC%W!pT
ever, never 等表示不定时间的状语以及表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,如 up till 3w!8PPl
now, so far, recently, this morning ( week, term ) 等。例如: V1di#i:
I have just opened the door.(现在门是开着的。) .3>`y L
I opened the door just now. ( open 只是过去发生的一个动作,门现在不一定是 /M!b3bmA
开着的。) $0 ]xeD0X
6 、过去进行时 PtsQV!
1)构成:由“was / were +现在分词”构成。 7}#zF]vHNi
2)基本用法 $ /`X7a{
表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。其时间标志是:带有表示过去时间的状语从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。例如: !aQb
Kp
I was reading a newspaper when he came in last night. 4}4 cA\B:n
They were having a meeting at this time yesterday. #mKF)W
7 、过去完成时 w3Lr~_j
1)构成:由“had 十过去分词”构成。 ~(*2:9*0
2)基本用法 Jlp nR#@
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,表示的是“过去的过去”。常用的 QNbV=*F?
时间标志是by, before 等介词或连词引导的短语或从句。例如: 6mV-+CnYC
I had just finished the work when Peter phoned me yesterday morning ?_ 476A
The plane had taken off when we got to the airport. ~aPe?{yIUa
The boy had chased the cow away before it did more damage. jYUN:
8 、过去将来时 d!{]CZ"@
1)构成:由“should/would +动词原形”构成。 CKI.\o
2)基本用法 JAx0(MZO
表示过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况,通常用于主句谓语动词是一般过去 Ty<."dyPW
时的宾语从句中。例如: bog3=Ig-
He said he would stop smoking next month. Ie4\d2tQ;
We wanted to know when the English class would begin. igx~6G*
9 、将来完成时 Z_U4Yy'NNw
1)构成:由“shall (will) + have + 过去分词”构成。 zfrNM9C
2)基本用法 ]sTb Ew.[
表示将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。例如: qCkC 2Fy(
By this time next year I will have opened my first book store. "%}24t%
Hurry up! Otherwise the train will have left before we get to the station. iD*21c<