长难句 z
5I^0'
第一节：非谓语动词 z7$}#)Z7
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe :Q#H(\26r
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. :=B[ y D!
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. A9.;>8!u
第二节：名词性从句 t"#lnG!G
一 主语从句 z'v 9j_\
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. ^K* ~
<O-
D)RdOldr
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. %!W 6<ioW
二 宾语从句 4jPwL|#
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. jFS 'I*1+
c[6 zX#{`
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. ]
+sSg=N7i
三 表语从句 L_`Xb k y
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. +,:nm_kQU
</2,2AV4q*
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. B1up ^ (?
四 同位语从句 h7)VJY
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. Pi^ECSzQu[
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. 20 S9/9ll
第三节：定语从句 _-YL!oP
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina b"*mi
P<TpG0~(
0:PH[\Z
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. c
g3Cl[s
#%9oQ6nO
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. m[//_TFf]
第四节：状语从句 %D`^
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. h0&>GY;i
&
bp#1KR)
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. sj?`7kg
第五节：并列结构 V!j K3vc
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. tRpL0 =y
,'/HcF?yf
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. %5( EkP
第六节：强调结构 @+QYWh'
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构
<Hq6]\<
VPq5x Sc?
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 e3oYy#QNk
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 uyS^W'fF
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调
3N) Ycf8
3 强调部分提前 QSl: =Q
'
c,{ &
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. Up
E1PLZlB
9!Q
$GE?vl
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. x Iq"[?m
75^) Ni
9~Y)wz
第七节：比较结构 ` maN5)
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 -E,{r[Sp
一、as…as…句型 r7wx?{~ 28
（一）as…as…句型 *cI6 &;y
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… m;$F@JJ
和….一样”。 z_[ 3IAZ
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 l{D,O?`Av
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 f"Vm'0r
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 X,C/x)
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 jmA{rD W
（四）notsomuch as…句型 fs)q7 7g
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 jmZ|b6
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 X
&;]
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 Pv b+
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 LYxlo<f
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. NIXc ib"tG
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 ]J"+VZ_"I
41+E U Mc
三、more…than…句型 b`={ s
（一）more Athan B句型 aaa#/OWQ
Z
A比B多 59% f|.Z)
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 #uR q] 'P
是B而不是A ]@j"0F/`
与其说A不如说B a?Qcf ;o
（二）morethan…句型 :R _#'i
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 ~ "4 vd 3
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 ,h)T (
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 6@_@nlA<1
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 }s)&/~6
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 j/` qd(=B
（三）nomore…than…句型 NtP.)
1. nomore Athan B Le$u$ulS
notAanymorethan B ,+5VeRyrV
(A<sFw?
2KNKdV3NK
A不是B也不是 @xM !:
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 :$Di.|l@7
u
P'w.nA&2
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. ug3lM N4UX
c+K=pp@
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. p(&o'{fb
>b"z`{tE
第八节：否定结构
F3r
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 PC(iqL8r
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… `m0Uj9)#
may (might)aswell… :W<,iqSCm
too…todo too…forn C-b% PgA
2 形式否定但意义肯定 L-:L=
snO
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） # yRA. ;
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 -3%)nV
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 vrO$8* sy
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 *SG2k .$
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. 3 &Zx *:
zc~xWy+
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. ~I ^[rP~
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. 92ww[+RQ@
2_~XjwKE
>{) #|pWU
第九节：倒装结构 b
2kbuk]
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. "X}F%:HL
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. 9n AK6$/
第十节：分裂结构 )$N{(Cke2T
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured.
R6o<p<fTh
e
w ,ed U
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. !td.ks0
/
H/Ne
)r
