医学SCI 论文经典句子

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Jurkat cells cultured in calcium-free RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco BRL; number
22300-107) containing calcium-free 10% FBS were triggered by anti-Fas IgM. The
treated cells were harvested at the indicated time points and incubated with Fluo-3-AM at
a final concentration of 1 micromolar for 30 min at 37°C (Scoltock et al., 2000). The
labeled cells (50,000 cells per treatment) were then analyzed by exciting the cells at 488
nm and examining the fluorescence emission of Fluo 3 at 530 nm with a FACS Scan,
(Becton Dickinson). A one micromolar concentration of LPA was used as a positive
control for Ca2+ induction. The data thus obtained was analyzed with the software Win
MDI 2.8 and represented as contour plots.The effect of chelating intracellular calcium on
translocation of annexin I was studied by culturing Jurkat cells in the presence of 10
micromolar BAPTA-AM, with or without the addition of anti-Fas IgM. Cells were
harvested and fractionated as detailed above, and the S-100 fractions were assessed by
immunoblotting for presence or absence of annexin I.
Mouse bone marrow transduction and transplantation.
Retrovirus-mediated transduction of mouse bone marrow cells was done by published
methods49. Prestimulated low-density bone marrow cells were infected with high-titer
retrovirus supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates. Retrovirus supernatant was generated
in the phoenix-gp cells with a mouse stem cell virus–based retroviral vector coexpressing
EGFP and HA–RhoH as described50. EGFP+ sorted cells were transplanted by
intravenous injection into the sublethally irradiated (300 rads with a 137Cs irradiator)
Rag2-/- recipient mice. At 9 weeks after transplantation, thymus, peripheral blood, bone
marrow, spleen and lymph nodes from each recipient mouse were collected for analysis
of EGFP+ chimerism and hematopoietic lineage by flow cytometry. Expression of
HA–RhoH and HA–RhoHF73F83 in EGFP+ sorted thymocytes of recipient mice was
confirmed by immunoblot analysis.
Determination of renal morphology
Kidney slices were postfixed in buffered 2% OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in an
Araldite-EM bed 812 mixture. Large sections were cut perpendicular to the renal capsule,
containing cortex, and medulla. Thin (1 m) sections were analyzed in a blinded manner
for morphologic alterations, as previously detailed
Patient population
Patients included in the study met the following criteria: (1) biopsy-proven IMN; (2)
creatinine clearance 30 ml per min per 1.73 m2; and (3) persistent proteinuria >5 g per
24 h despite treatment with an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A)
reductase inhibitor, an ACEi, and/or ARB at maximal tolerated dose for at least 4 months.
The Mayo Institutional Review Board and the Research Ethical Board, University Health
Network, University of Toronto approved the study protocol. All patients gave written
informed consent. Patients who had been on treatment with prednisone, cyclosporine, or
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mycophenolic mofetil within the last 4 months or alkylating agents within the last 6
months were not included in the study. Patients with active infection, diabetes, or a
secondary cause of MN (for example, hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
medications, malignancies) were also excluded.
Treatment
At enrollment, a low-sodium (<4 g day-1) and low-protein (0.8 g per kg per day of
high-quality protein) diet was recommended and patients were encouraged to maintain
the same diet throughout the duration of the study. All patients received a similar
conservative treatment regimen that included loop diuretics to control edema, an
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and an ACEi combined with an ARB if tolerated.
-Blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, in that order, were added
when required to control systolic blood pressures to <135 mm Hg in >75% of the
readings. Patients who after a minimum of 4 months of conservative therapy and
maximized Ang II blockade had proteinuria >5 g per 24 h received two i.v. infusions of
rituximab at a dose of 1000 mg on days 1 and 15. To minimize infusion reactions,
patients were premedicated with acetaminophen (1000 mg) and diphenhydramine
hydrochloride (50 mg) orally. In addition, methylprednisolone (100 mg, i.v.) was given
prior to the first rituximab infusion. B-cell depletion was defined as CD19+ count
<5 cells per l at any time and B-cell recovery was defined as CD19+ cell count
>15 cells per l. Patients treated with rituximab, who at month 6 had proteinuria >3 g per
24 h and in whom CD19+ B-cell counts had increased to >15 cells per l, received a
second course of rituximab treatment following the same protocol described above.
Follow-up
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts,
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Creatinine clearance and protein and creatinine excretion
in the urine were assessed by performing two consecutive 24-h urine collections at each
time point. Data were considered accurate when urinary creatinine excretion was
consistent with a complete 24 h collection. The mean of the two measurements was
considered for the analysis. The presence of HACAs was evaluated at baseline and at
months 3, 6, 9, and 12.
Method / Approach / Study/ Technique
A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system
To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied.
In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the
Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally
accepted
20
This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report.
This can be accomplished by
This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows:
The above preliminary analysis has provided important information
Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...
These concepts have been applied to
On the basis of the concept mentioned above,
This can be achieved by
In addition, tissues were stained for infiltrating lymphocytes (CD20 and CD3), and the
amount of interstitial fibrosis was quantified by histomorphometry. Formalin-fixed,
paraffin-embedded sections were cut onto coated glass slides. Following heat-induced
antigen retrieval, sections were incubated at 20°C overnight with either anti-CD20
primary antibody or anti-CD3 primary antibody, both at 1:1000 dilution (Dako, Canada
Inc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). After rinsing all sections, pretreatment with 3%
hydrogen peroxide was performed to prevent endogenous peroxidase activation. Sections
were incubated with a secondary rabbit anti-mouse antibody linked with avidin–biotin
complex. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light
microscopy.
The HACA assay is a proprietary bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
performed at Genentech Inc. that measures the antibody response to rituximab in human
serum samples.
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts,
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12.
This fact suggests that a new concept
This was accomplished by taking ...
The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.
Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility
There is little hope of achieving successful ...
There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have
not taken this approach, with the exception of
Only a few studies can be found.
It is a very tedious process to go through
It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected
The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.
These approaches are sometimes very tedious.
Several techniques can be used
A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]:
A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.
A xx model represents an xx by its xx.
A process decision model captures the logic essential to
From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ...
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The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.
Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...
Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.
A number of heuristic rules have been developed for
Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that
An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine
Euler's formula states the following:
The completed model should agree with the formula.
For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessary
Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore,
To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful.
Point of View
from an implementation standpoint,
From the point of view of this application,
From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short).
Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data
in order to allow one to make decisions.
From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a
simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.
The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy,
and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM
p.129]
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance comparing the three conditions
(sham operation, ischemic AKI, and bilateral nephrectomy) at each time point. If
significant F-statistic from analysis of variance existed, this test was followed by Dunnett
post hoc multiple comparison procedure with sham operation as the control group. For all
other comparisons, Student's t-test was used. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as
statistically significant.
Values are expressed as means s.e.m. and significance was evaluated by Mann–Whitney
U test using GraphPad Prism, version 4.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego,
CA, USA).
All values are expressed as means s.d. Statistical significance (defined as P<0.05) was
evaluated using analysis of variance and Bonferroni t-tests, and the two-tailed Pearson's
test, where appropriate.
Data are expressed as mean s.d., median and interquartile range, or frequencies, as
appropriate. Variables who deviated from the normal distribution (positively skewed)
were log-transformed (log10) before the correlation study.
Data are represented as means s.e.m. Student's t-test and multiple comparisons with t-test
post hoc analysis of variance were used as indicated below, for the comparison of
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morphological, immunohistological and functional parameters. Statistical significance
was set at P<0.05.
The primary efficacy parameter was defined as change in urinary protein excretion from
baseline (week 0) to 12 months after treatment. The 12-month changes were tested
against zero using the paired t-test. Secondary end points included 6-month changes in
protein; the number with PR or CR at 6 or 12 months; and changes in glomerular
filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and lipid profiles. Study sample size was based on
the desire to have 80% power to detect a drop in urinary protein of at least 2.0 g day-1.
Assuming a two-sided hypothesis test performed at a significance level of 0.05 and an s.d.
of urinary protein change of 2.5 g, it was determined that 15 patients were required.2
Definition of remission status is according to the criteria established by Cattran et al.30
CR was defined as proteinuria <0.3 g per 24 h, PR as proteinuria 3 g per 24 h, and a
>50% reduction in peak proteinuria and non-response as <50% reduction in peak
proteinuria. Any patient reaching a CR or PR was considered a treatment success
The statistical significance of differences for the mean values of cytokine concentration
and T cell proliferation was determined with Student's t-test. Differences with a P value
of less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Statistical significance was determined by Student's t-test. Data with a P value of less
than 0.05 were considered significant.
In vitro and in vivo experiments were analyzed by the two-tailed Student's t-test, with P
values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
The significance of differences among groups was determined by Student's t-test and
one-way analysis of variance (SigmaStat software; Jandel).
Comparisons
As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view
will be discussed.
The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more
suitable
As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],
Relation
We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping.
The relationships appear very complicate
Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and
the human operator's characteristics.
These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ...
The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship
among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships.
This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.
The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product.
Importance
）
23
The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision
making.
Consideration / Attention
Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure
Such a formulation does not change further considerations.
Considerable attention has been paid to
Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation.
Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...
Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodated
After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determine
A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the
appropriate decision.
It should be noted that
It is important to point out that ...
These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ...
We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx
Results.
Advantages / Disadvantage
One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the
experimental study of
One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it.
It has a very fast decision making process
All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations.
It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor;based
environment.
It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch.
The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following:
However, xx is not without its shortcomings.
In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx.
Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%.
The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%.
Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx .
Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx.
Some other advantages of xx are the following:
The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts.
It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that
was impossible in practice.
There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx,
The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches.
This combines the best features of both techniques
24
Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform,
and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in
virtual communities.
Results
An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data provided
Recent work has identified
Time-dependent changes of
Cyclosporine-induced cell death is triggered by a non-classical phosphoinositide 3-kinase
and does not require ERK activation.
Much of the current work on
Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this review
Based on the information contained in this
The result can be categorized into nine classes
The results are illustrated by an example
The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2.
From the results obtained so far, it seem that
Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn as
Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion.
The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs.
Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower level models, less fuzzy and more
detailed.
Conclusion
From the discussion, one may conclude that ...
The first indication that
In summary, we have shown that
These results suggested that
Our findings have shown that
Our observations have provided
This study reveals following five main findings:
To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical report of both PIM and HIFs in
the diabetic kidney.
As mentioned above,
Moreover, we demonstrate that,
A number of studies have elaborated a body of knowledge about
There are findings to indicate that
On a descriptive level, there is agreement that for
One issue that became particularly evident from our study is
Our data are in agreement with the findings and models presented by previous
publications, in particular those of Jones et al
According to our observations,
…was not evident from our data
25
It could therefore be concluded that
our data illustrate that
All these different aspects, as listed above, lead to
In fact, it has already been speculated that
It should be furthermore mentioned in this context that
To identify and verify the essential factors triggering developmental renin expression, it
is of interest now to study the development of intrarenal renin expression in mice with
defined gene mutations, using the results of this study as a reference system.
In conclusion, using several approaches, we demonstrated that
But we have not provided formal proof yet that
In summary, our results suggest that
In conclusion, we identify
A better understanding of such regulatory systems may yield novel therapeutic
approaches to glomerular diseases.
Preliminary results of short-term studies (2 weeks) indicate that
However, we believe that
However, despite our extensive measurements of these parameters, we found no
relationship between response and initial proteinuria, time to B-cell recovery, the
development of antibodies to rituximab, B-cell count in the kidney tissue, nor the degree
of tubular interstitial damage present. A clear conclusion for efficacy, however, cannot be
obtained from an uncontrolled study, and definitive claims of efficacy should be reserved
for rigorous, prospective, controlled, and randomized trials with the use of rituximab and
that will also look for factors that may determine its efficacy in IMN.
It has become increasingly clear that
Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that
The conclusions drawn are also valid
In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of xx lies not only in...
We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of
Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area
Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the xx compatibility in
achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hierarchy is made possible.
This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the xx process and xx
concept.
The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for
improvements for xx work.
The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xx method.
This has a tremendous impact on our understanding of
Significant progress has been made in advancing RNAi therapeutics in a remarkably
short period of time
To date, little is known about…
Irrespective of the mechanisms and the molecules –which are still largely unknown –
involved in MSC functions, current data suggest that
To better understand
26
Future Research (常用于conclustion 的结尾)
Thus, first extension of the approach could be,
Further studies are needed to determine the importance of
Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought through
additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of the scheduling
activity.
It also unveiled new aspects of the role played by thyroid hormone in response to injury
and tissue repair.
In the near future, the ongoing clinical trials with siRNAs for macular degeneration and
RSV may reveal the exciting potential of RNAi therapeutics as the next major class of
drug molecules.
In the next few years it should become clear whether
It should be an exciting time for researchers seeking to harness this powerful endogenous
pathway to treat human disease.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to the insightful work provided by Mr. John W. Harney and all
of the fellows and students that contributed with some of the studies discussed in this
article
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete
this thesis.
I want to thank the Department of Transport of the former Interim Government of
Namibia for giving me permission to commence this thesis in the first instance, to do the
necessary research work and to use departmental data
This work was supported by NIH grants AI058695 and AI056900. We thank members of
the laboratory and our collaborators for many useful suggestions.
We thank J. Maraganore and B. Greene for critical reading of the manuscript, M.
Duckman for graphics assistance and A. Capobianco for word processing assistance.
Author contributions
All authors were involved in experimental planning and data analysis and contributed to
manuscript preparation.
Tables and Figures
Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships.
The graphical representation of these functions is shown in Figure 1.
The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1.
Figure x shows the schematic diagram of the
Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that
the architecture of this expert system for .... is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system
Table shows the
27
Time-dependent changes of
as shown in Table 1 and 2
This concept is illustrated in Figure 2
At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data.
Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row;headings,
xx through xx as column;headings.
Time course of calculated renin immunoreactive tissue volumes during development of
the mouse kidney. Data are single values per time point. They were derived from the
kidneys shown in Figure 1.
Yellow color indicates
PCT3 cells were pretreated with 50 M PD98059 or 10 M U0126 for 30 min and then
cells were stimulated with 25 g ml-1 CsA for 6 h. ERK and PKB activation were
analyzed by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies.
ERK and PKB activation were measured by western blot using phospho-specific
antibodies
The data are the means of three different experiments taking the number of untreated cells
(vehicle alone) as 100%.
ERK and PKB activation were then analyzed by western blot with the corresponding
phospho-specific antibodies. To ensure equal amount of protein in each lane, western
blots against total protein were performed for ERK and PKB.
The means of optical density (OD) values of the bands detected in western blots of three
different experiments are plotted, taking the maximal value of phosphorylation of ERK
and PKB as 100%.
CT3 cells were treated with 25 g ml-1 CsA or vehicle alone for 24 h and then fixed with
paraformaldehyde and stained with Hoescht as indicated in Materials and Methods. Then
cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy (upper panel) and fluorescence
microscopy (lower panel).
The data are the means of three experiments performed on different days taking the
number of cells at the onset of the experiment as 100%.
Rats were killed at 4 h and at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28 after disease induction
(n=9 each).
*P<0.05 versus non-nephritic rats.
The expression of the CCN3 protein was detected by western blot analysis (n=4 each, PC,
positive control, M, molecular weight markers).
Original magnifications: 200 in A, E, G, H; 600 in B, C, D, F.
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments.
*P<0.05 versus 0.5 h.
PDGF-BB and -DD, but not PDGF-AA and -CC, induce a downregulation of CCN3
mRNA as determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA.
Cell number was counted in duplicate using a Malassez hemocytometer
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus cells treated with
MCDB media for 24 h, #P<0.05.
28
The curves are adjusted for history of coronary artery disease, CRP, and progression to
ESRD.
Both models are independent of age, gender, baseline GFR and proteinuria, and other
clinical characteristics and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors
Correlation between serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and serum PTH
(n=99, P<0.0001, r2=0.190)
Concentration of serum FGF23 concentration before starting and at the end of the 4-h
hemodialysis procedure in 23 patients, expressed as log10 values (n=23, P<0.0001,
Student's paired t-test).
Immunohistochemistry for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole (PIM) and HIF-2 ;
arrow=endothelial cell and CD=collecting duct
Magnification: 1000.
A table of .. is developed and significant recommendations are made.
CONJUGATION
To Indicate Addition
additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easily understood, besides, equally important,
especially, finally, for the same reason, first, further, furthermore, in addition, last,
likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too, evidently, obviously, roughly speaking,
broadly speaking
To Indicate Cause and Effect
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in short, otherwise, then,
therefore, thus, truly
To indicate Comparison
in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternatively
To Indicate Concession
after all, although this may be true, at the same time, even though, even so , I admit,
naturally, of course
To Indicate Contrast
and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however, yet, in fact, in contrast, in the real life,
in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normally, on the contrary, on the other hand,
still, traditionally, rather, unfortunately,
To Indicate Time Relationships
after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, as long as, as soon as, at last, at length,
at the moment, at that time, at the same time, before, earlier, currently, immediately, in
the meantime, in recent years, lately, later, meanwhile, often, of late, presently, recently,
soon, shortly, since, thereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, while
29
To Indicate Special Features or Examples
for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words, in particular, in
practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this respect, theoretically, as mentioned
before / above
To Indicate Summary
in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude
, in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result, ultimately,
VERB PHASE
build a .. model
have been described to
To assess the functional role of
we detected
build up the key link
Although a number of studies have identified predictors of
began a new era in ...
can be regarded as / achieved / used to/for / found / obtained through
can result in
carries out ... tasks
production information in order to simultaneously
contains all information necessary to describe
do not make use of production information
deals with
end with failure
fetch the information from the model directly
has great potential / yet to be resolved / spurred the development of /
been recognized as
site component / cable of / currently implemented for / demonstrated by an example /
finally reached / made equal to / equivalent to / more suitable to / oriented to /
interpreted as / pointed out / potentially of great benefit in the complex task of / shown
in / used to effectively guide the search
makes use of
was significantly higher as compared to
To assess disease-specific alterations, we measured
To specifically assess the relationship between
make up
To determine if
This statistically significant difference still
They positively correlated with
Present
Our results are consistent with our recent data that suggest that
30
contribute to
meets the needs of real life production,/ the current demands placed upon it
must be justified
point out
play an important role
relates to
rely on
We performed
satisfy the needs
determine the total requirements for the ...
uses ... as a key to search for...
without relying on
will be available/ performed/ overlooked
NOUN PHASE
a basic technical function of
a significant reduction of
drug variability
a critical need
negatively correlated with
a key / principle feature of
a substantial impact on
an intensive review was conducted
The analysis of the correlations by
an increasing need for expanding the application of ....
an important component / function / aspect / issue
each rule is numbered in sequence
each of these involves
for this calculation, it is necessary to define
in the physical environment / integration of
in the reality of situations where …
many aspects of
most past efforts have been spent on ...
common sense to a well studied and documented technical field.
sources of additional information on ... are listed
systematic and rationally structured format
the basis on which a range of ...operations can be established is shown
THE basic philosophy / principles of / key element / general hypothesis / candidate list
of / concept of ... has attracted wide interest / function is concerned with / heart /
impact / nature / role / task of / kernel functions
the number of parts needed to
the above statement means that
the output data is passed to
31
the proposed method / underlying principle
the recommendations made in this report, if implemented, should
this information resides in
this process is composed of ... different ... operation
along with the use of
concerning general aspects of
due to
for later use in generating...,
in turn,
it can be claimed/concluded that
it demonstrates the decisions required of
it also provides information to ..
it becomes essential to
let ... be the probability that
once... is written, it is compiled into...
suppose it is observed that
this is because
this results in a
upon completion of the ... analysis,
when the knowledge is of mathematics or quantum physics, it will also be
recorded in books and papers
selection of rules for using the tools, for generating operation plans,
is another matter of preference, since practice varies greatly.
for the sake of convenience
correct decision to be reach
keeping the number of rules to a minimum.
a good process plan will result exhibiting several characteristics:
practical solutions
because of rather small job lot sizes
Backward reasoning can be used to answer the question "should milling tool be select"
different level of knowledge in the realm of process planning

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