考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 z: W1(/W~
>5]w\^QN9_
英语形容词翻译 %PU{h
51M'x_8
英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 $S!WW|9j.
1 ^=[k
一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 p$%g$K
来源:考试大 ~;Xkt G:
1. These goods are in short supply. <b;Oap3
这些货物供应不足。 W.U|mNJ$
来源:考试大 ,_t}\7
2. This equation is far from being complicated. _N`pwxpsb
这个方程一定也不复杂。 ZZl4|
`<l|XPv
二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 TMQu'<?V
Th//u I+
1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. >pl*
2M&
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 3/hAxd
来源:考试大 :W
nXoL
2. It is easy to compress a gas. %4E7 Tu,1
气体很容易压缩。 T)B1V,2j=
{VE$i2nC8
三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 P%Ux-0&
:O}<Q
1. She spoke in a high voice. L:F:ZOM6`
她讲话声音很尖。 Qmh*Gh?v
来源:考试大 i(c'94M
2. This engine develops a high torque. VI`x
fmVOQ
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 D r $N{d
7e"(]NC84
四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 ]H[FZY
来源:考试大 Fk,3th
1. a large brick conference hall t hDE
1h
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 jWW2&cBm\
=;$&:Zjy/%
2. a plastic garden chair qO9_e
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 &4DV]9+g
来源:考试大 U%45qCU
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 e"|9%AW@<
_H8)O2mJ
1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. O'-lBf+<
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 RGtUKr'
^J~
}KOH
2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. O!]wJ
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 LZ ID|-
来源:考试大 W3 8=fyD
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. a4: PufS
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 d*>M<6b-
来源:考试大 y9)l,@D
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 I(
y
Wct
来源:考试大 Il;'s
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. ypd
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 u%[*;@;9+
kxUGd)S
2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. H_8@J
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 ld@f:Zali
来源:考试大 {U(h]'
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. VBCj
.dw
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 wc,y+C#V
uN\9cQ
从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 'b^:"\t'Rh
2iG(v._x
r2H'r
,N
+NXj/
考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 1[Mr2 @
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 2\5@_U^)h
来源:考试大 I]
"$h]T
倍数增加 c3
pt?C
8\V-aow
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) p.}[!!m P
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) |(H|2]b4=
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) &S-& 'ZAY
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. k?8W2fC
=J'?>-B
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. !S-hv1bE
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 =Fs LF
Zn} )&Xt
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 1!C,pXU#:
来源:考试大 7w$R-Y/E
(二)increase to n times(④) [;2:
lbPx
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) Gehl/i-
increase by n times(⑥) +UsR
increase by a factor of n(⑦) w+Z};C
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 2r0!h98
来源:考试大 qR<DQTO<
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. }:8>>lQ
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. D6oby*_w
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 eEh0T%9K
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. wE \c?*k
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。
JT9<kB/07
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. M(E_5@?3
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 'nS 3o. }
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 8'[wa
2ML6Lkk
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) ~
7Nyi dV;
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: 9GwsQ \
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. HXHPz4
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 N6[^62
~?5m5z O
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) F.5b|&@
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. IR8&4qOs
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 O*{H;7Pv
1n(}Q1fa
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: Pc
HFj+:
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) 05 Q8`
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 [s{:}ZuKc
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 %pkq ?9
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) L)'rM-nkFh
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 WN/#9]` P
倍数减少 AJd.K'=8
l_-n&(N2<[
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) C(HmLEB^
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) yaLW(@
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 LC\:xia
{X
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. @h$0S+?:
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 dd7nO
:]
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. $jh>zf
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 H8]^f=
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 .^IhH|U
@H%=%ZwpO
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) j~*Z7iu
decrease by n times(15) X5|/s::u
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 uBq3.+,x*
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 n=o'ocdS)
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 `-EH0'w~"
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. G+X[R^RD
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 _+04M)q0
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. J1p75c%
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 kTZx-7~
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 8{<[fZyC
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 !HjNx%o5<
nlebFDb7
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… @fH&(@
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) 99Yo1Q0
这个句型还有其它一些形式, 7Fi2^DlgX
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. I>%S4Z+o
发现迅速减少到1/7。 loUl$X.u
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. K>cz63}S
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 $'kn K<
<@e+-$
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。