考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 _Eo[7V{NY
G:<aB
英语形容词翻译 *SJ_z(CZm
y&$A+peJ1
英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 HmGWht6R
5uGq%(24
一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 l
^0@86
来源:考试大 hR?{3d#
x2
1. These goods are in short supply. UERLtSQ
这些货物供应不足。 0*3R=7_},o
来源:考试大 Cv.C;H
2. This equation is far from being complicated. n:?a$Ldgm
这个方程一定也不复杂。 r(TIw%L$
A:%`wX}
二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 Jq-]7N%k/
(=AWOU+
1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. $t[FH&c(
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 Tx# Mn~xD
来源:考试大 L,/%f<wd
2. It is easy to compress a gas. iOghb*aW
气体很容易压缩。 Dw.J2>uj
c7k~S-nU
三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 F@KGj|
""G'rN_=Bi
1. She spoke in a high voice. %J?xRv!
她讲话声音很尖。 JX;G<lev
来源:考试大 QZ
2. This engine develops a high torque. 77f9(~ZnT
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 5|s\*bV`
#=A)X
lZMd
四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 *])
`z8Ox
来源:考试大 jV1.Yz(`
1. a large brick conference hall R&k<AZ
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 7`'Tb p
/(*q}R3Kfo
2. a plastic garden chair L#sMSVC+
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 Ve; n}mJ?
来源:考试大 @qAS*3j
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 }S-O&Z
yvB.&<]No
1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. mz0X3
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 YN F k
5U$0F$BBp
2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. )3EY;
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 H*CW1([
来源:考试大 1oGw4kD^x
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. q@8*Xa >
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 Tyx_/pJT
来源:考试大 lt8|9"9<
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 1mG-}
来源:考试大 s;Q!X ?Q
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.
/PIcqg
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 H G^'I+Yn
jNk%OrP]
2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. VMWf>ZU
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 y}|s&4Sq
来源:考试大 }5"u[Z.
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.
g}c~ :p
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 K
be
C"mi
]c'A%:f<
从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 a&? :P1$
jse&DQ
=UWI9M*sz
61U09s%\0
考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 N;`n@9BF
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 6Z"X}L,*
来源:考试大 ^iV)MTT
倍数增加 qIT@g"%}t
DN6Mo<H
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) r9?Mw06Wc5
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) h/Y'<:
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) o ^uA">GH
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. ZbKg~jdF
FGzwhgy
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. ?}Y]|c^W
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 x]j W<A
TWX.D`W
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 ftSW
(og
来源:考试大 CAf6:^0
(二)increase to n times(④) CWKm(@"5
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) RxQ *
increase by n times(⑥) 1|:KQl2q
increase by a factor of n(⑦) Q/Rqa5LI:
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 6!bsM"F
来源:考试大 |w3M7;~eF
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. (cO:`W6.
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. 8{ I|$*nB
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 lU]nd[x
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. cWm$;`Q#\
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 FP>2C9:d
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. !()Qm,1u
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 ia?
c0xL
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 yt2PU_),
fN2lLn9/u
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) L"aeG
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: 7j{?az
a
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 6S{l'!s'
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 s#GLJl\E_P
d_
P` qA
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) hqdDm
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. %
l%HHT
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 Tj- s4x
@}ZVtrz
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: *NQ/UXE
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) e}W)LPR!
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 .S4
u-
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 +H2Qk4XFB
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) 8cQ'dL`(
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 Bbp|!+KP{(
倍数减少 i@'dH3-kO
6H|S;K+
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) UCWBYC+
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) Qwc"[N4H
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 8;X-)&R
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. XX~,>Q}H=
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 hv+zGID7
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. !!y a
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 Q@H V- (A
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 1:wQ.T
S
t
yfB
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) E} .^kc[(4
decrease by n times(15) 92-I~
!d
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 O
H7FkR
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 S[QrS7
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 !o-@&q
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. |nF 8gh~}
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 4.(4x&
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. CQ2jP
G*py
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 YoE3<[KD(
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 9ll~~zF99|
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 lRdChoL$2
5:Uso{
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… -{_PuJ "
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) 3N:D6w-R
这个句型还有其它一些形式, Np)lIGE
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. IO> yIU[
发现迅速减少到1/7。 \(T/O~b2
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. c:g'.'/*
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 kNL\m[W8$
4`R(?
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。