考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 0%/(p?]M
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英语形容词翻译 5KSsRq/8"
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 HvTQycG
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 _p.{|7
来源:考试大 e1-=|
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1. These goods are in short supply. 67eo~~nUtg
这些货物供应不足。 "<WSEs
来源:考试大 V1G]LM
2. This equation is far from being complicated. c#DTL/8"DO
这个方程一定也不复杂。 o%.cQo=v*
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 ^:#%TCJ
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. zSO[f
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 K02./ut-
来源:考试大 9(_/jU4mc
2. It is easy to compress a gas. 0[];c$r<
气体很容易压缩。 4*3vZ6lhu
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 0ePZxOSjD
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1. She spoke in a high voice. V)`?J)
她讲话声音很尖。 qH
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来源:考试大 b?$3jOtW
2. This engine develops a high torque. 'Zzm'pC
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 Rz)#VVYC=
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 E.}Zmr
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来源:考试大 *+IUGR
1. a large brick conference hall #GF1MFkoS
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 @MM|.#
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2. a plastic garden chair u/zC$L3B(
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 ~ce.
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来源:考试大 U +]ab
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 a'\`Mi@rb
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. %:y-"m1\u$
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 @6gz)
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. 0L6L_;o
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 ,&k5Qq
来源:考试大 Q.fBuF
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. LJ)3!Q/:
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 ?{[H+hzz0
来源:考试大 A+p}oY '
六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 rS
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来源:考试大 ux }DWrR
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. \kRBJ1)|f
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 GwvxX&P
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. ?ix,Cu@M
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 C+iP
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来源:考试大 `+gF|o9
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.
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再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 -(2-zznZ
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 tEeMl =u
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 qvscf_%FM
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: zPXd]jIwV
来源:考试大 *vb)d0}P
倍数增加 @4|/| !
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) ALv\"uUNu+
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) HT]ubw]rJ
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) Fzu{,b
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. ,>^~u
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. ~RJg.9V
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 NplSkv
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 oMPQkj;
来源:考试大 :o:??tqw
(二)increase to n times(④) ]'G7(Y\)f
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) :NLN xK
increase by n times(⑥) ^#o.WL%4/B
increase by a factor of n(⑦) ke0W?
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 |?>h$'
来源:考试大 DH^^$)
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. [h1{{Nb#ez
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. -&?-
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 krA))cP
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. `g=~u{0
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 xpM~*Gpm
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. if'4MDl
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 zYL^e @
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 'UxA8i(
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) wLbngO=VG
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: N,|oV|i
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. H<;j&\$q
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 >y[S?M
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) In&vh9Lw
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. B*IDx`^Y
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 @ni~ij
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: Ysu/7o4
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) Z.pw!mu"
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 =6&D4~R
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 v=VmiBq[
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) }c%y0)fL
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 `'WLGQG
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) hm>*eJNp]
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) ;!?K.,N:N
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 ;0}2@Q2@ZK
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 6/ipdi[
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氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 @~3c"q;i7
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. "b4iOp&:=
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 X:&p9_O@
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 *J5RueUG
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) ^]&{"!
decrease by n times(15) +t4m
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decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 9t.yP;j\Y
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 +|)1_NK
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 k=2l9C3Z
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. rq["O
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新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 ZM`P~N1?)g
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. EZQ+HECpK
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 % W',c u
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. I{e^,oc
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 Fi%W\Y'
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… wx%nTf/Oa
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17)
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这个句型还有其它一些形式, &9w%n
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. emY5xZ
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发现迅速减少到1/7。 s8Ry}{
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. %_R|@cyD
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 |+xtFe
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。