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楼主  发表于: 2009-10-18   

医学SCI 论文经典句子

18 %x2b0L\g  
Jurkat cells cultured in calcium-free RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco BRL; number 6"%qv`.Fp  
22300-107) containing calcium-free 10% FBS were triggered by anti-Fas IgM. The f-+.;`H)T  
treated cells were harvested at the indicated time points and incubated with Fluo-3-AM at &va*IR  
a final concentration of 1 micromolar for 30 min at 37°C (Scoltock et al., 2000). The v ($L  
labeled cells (50,000 cells per treatment) were then analyzed by exciting the cells at 488 SfDQ;1?  
nm and examining the fluorescence emission of Fluo 3 at 530 nm with a FACS Scan, &z ksRX  
(Becton Dickinson). A one micromolar concentration of LPA was used as a positive hWxT!  
control for Ca2+ induction. The data thus obtained was analyzed with the software Win HDj$"pS  
MDI 2.8 and represented as contour plots.The effect of chelating intracellular calcium on ;Q90Y&{L=$  
translocation of annexin I was studied by culturing Jurkat cells in the presence of 10 dpn3 (  
micromolar BAPTA-AM, with or without the addition of anti-Fas IgM. Cells were gb_X?j%p7  
harvested and fractionated as detailed above, and the S-100 fractions were assessed by UPO^V:.R4  
immunoblotting for presence or absence of annexin I. 5B|,S1b  
Mouse bone marrow transduction and transplantation. u\5g3BH  
Retrovirus-mediated transduction of mouse bone marrow cells was done by published ?#ihJt,  
methods49. Prestimulated low-density bone marrow cells were infected with high-titer 4?]ZV_BD  
retrovirus supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates. Retrovirus supernatant was generated wT% "5:  
in the phoenix-gp cells with a mouse stem cell virus–based retroviral vector coexpressing ~,Mr0  
EGFP and HA–RhoH as described50. EGFP+ sorted cells were transplanted by A^vvST%7  
intravenous injection into the sublethally irradiated (300 rads with a 137Cs irradiator) J!<#Nc  
Rag2-/- recipient mice. At 9 weeks after transplantation, thymus, peripheral blood, bone O\JD,w  
marrow, spleen and lymph nodes from each recipient mouse were collected for analysis >]?Jrs  
of EGFP+ chimerism and hematopoietic lineage by flow cytometry. Expression of TU-c9"7M~  
HA–RhoH and HA–RhoHF73F83 in EGFP+ sorted thymocytes of recipient mice was vnVZJ}]w\  
confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Wxk; g  
Determination of renal morphology xH@'H?  
Kidney slices were postfixed in buffered 2% OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in an 19w_tSg  
Araldite-EM bed 812 mixture. Large sections were cut perpendicular to the renal capsule, /x O{ .dr  
containing cortex, and medulla. Thin (1 m) sections were analyzed in a blinded manner We\Y \*!v  
for morphologic alterations, as previously detailed Ff&R0v  
Patient population FdM<;}6T  
Patients included in the study met the following criteria: (1) biopsy-proven IMN; (2) ;x16shH  
creatinine clearance 30 ml per min per 1.73 m2; and (3) persistent proteinuria >5 g per mCK],TOA:  
24 h despite treatment with an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) c+wuC,  
reductase inhibitor, an ACEi, and/or ARB at maximal tolerated dose for at least 4 months. YPG,9iZ&f  
The Mayo Institutional Review Board and the Research Ethical Board, University Health 6."PS4}:  
Network, University of Toronto approved the study protocol. All patients gave written mDlCt_h  
informed consent. Patients who had been on treatment with prednisone, cyclosporine, or 9D%qXU  
19 F6DxvyANr  
mycophenolic mofetil within the last 4 months or alkylating agents within the last 6 *afejjW[  
months were not included in the study. Patients with active infection, diabetes, or a ~R'BU=!;F  
secondary cause of MN (for example, hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Vv2{^ !aZ  
medications, malignancies) were also excluded. ` %l&zwj>  
Treatment dA|Lufy#  
At enrollment, a low-sodium (<4 g day-1) and low-protein (0.8 g per kg per day of (;C$gnr.C  
high-quality protein) diet was recommended and patients were encouraged to maintain -ywX5B  
the same diet throughout the duration of the study. All patients received a similar T^d#hl.U  
conservative treatment regimen that included loop diuretics to control edema, an |1lf(\T_  
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and an ACEi combined with an ARB if tolerated. U{HyxZ|q<  
-Blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, in that order, were added J-b~4  
when required to control systolic blood pressures to <135 mm Hg in >75% of the 2 ae w6~  
readings. Patients who after a minimum of 4 months of conservative therapy and 4v0dd p  
maximized Ang II blockade had proteinuria >5 g per 24 h received two i.v. infusions of  LgO i3  
rituximab at a dose of 1000 mg on days 1 and 15. To minimize infusion reactions, 3,%nkW  
patients were premedicated with acetaminophen (1000 mg) and diphenhydramine y9=t;qH@|  
hydrochloride (50 mg) orally. In addition, methylprednisolone (100 mg, i.v.) was given 1bT' u5 &  
prior to the first rituximab infusion. B-cell depletion was defined as CD19+ count Av@& hD\  
<5 cells per l at any time and B-cell recovery was defined as CD19+ cell count }!eF  
>15 cells per l. Patients treated with rituximab, who at month 6 had proteinuria >3 g per Nz3zsP$  
24 h and in whom CD19+ B-cell counts had increased to >15 cells per l, received a -hQ96S8  
second course of rituximab treatment following the same protocol described above. i<'{Y  
Follow-up $,}Qf0(S  
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, u):X>??  
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum qw9e) `3$  
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry 6{cybD`Ef&  
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Creatinine clearance and protein and creatinine excretion #"=%b e3  
in the urine were assessed by performing two consecutive 24-h urine collections at each yW%&_s0  
time point. Data were considered accurate when urinary creatinine excretion was xWd9%,mDNR  
consistent with a complete 24 h collection. The mean of the two measurements was eL>K2Jxq  
considered for the analysis. The presence of HACAs was evaluated at baseline and at 5Xp$ yX =  
months 3, 6, 9, and 12. m]bL)]Z  
Method / Approach / Study/ Technique rdORNlK&  
A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system ;5&k/CB1  
To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied. oc!biE`u  
In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the >:3xi{  
Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally *5ka.=Qs  
accepted trID#DT~  
20 P58\+9d_  
This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report. =g{_^^n  
This can be accomplished by sV9{4T~#|  
This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows: )_Z]=5Ds  
The above preliminary analysis has provided important information FE$M[^1_  
Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum... &xPOp$Sx~  
These concepts have been applied to ;`X`c   
On the basis of the concept mentioned above, jldcvW  
This can be achieved by SL?%/$2g=O  
In addition, tissues were stained for infiltrating lymphocytes (CD20 and CD3), and the fS;m+D!j@  
amount of interstitial fibrosis was quantified by histomorphometry. Formalin-fixed, E9~&f^f  
paraffin-embedded sections were cut onto coated glass slides. Following heat-induced m? \#vw$  
antigen retrieval, sections were incubated at 20°C overnight with either anti-CD20 (hD X4;4  
primary antibody or anti-CD3 primary antibody, both at 1:1000 dilution (Dako, Canada *@b~f&Lx6  
Inc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). After rinsing all sections, pretreatment with 3% `Gy>tD.#V-  
hydrogen peroxide was performed to prevent endogenous peroxidase activation. Sections Z_eqM4{  
were incubated with a secondary rabbit anti-mouse antibody linked with avidin–biotin 1Ud t9$~T  
complex. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light i]h R7g<  
microscopy. [4V|UvKz  
The HACA assay is a proprietary bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ijR-?nrR  
performed at Genentech Inc. that measures the antibody response to rituximab in human HbJadOK  
serum samples. D 9@<#2-  
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, P~b%;*m}8  
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum RN cI]oJ  
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry A_X^k|)T  
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. O(c4iWm  
This fact suggests that a new concept cSHtl<UY  
This was accomplished by taking ... A-@-?AR  
The preparatory stage is very time consuming process. 6w .iEb  
Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility 2yVGE p^  
There is little hope of achieving successful ... Cbf,X[u  
There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have *I;Mp  
not taken this approach, with the exception of v~W6yjp  
Only a few studies can be found. @/ovdf{  
It is a very tedious process to go through QtO[g   
It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected B=nx8s  
The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head. s3f GX|;  
These approaches are sometimes very tedious. %Tm' aY"  
Several techniques can be used .jG.90  
A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]: "p_[A  
A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx. EZu  
A xx model represents an xx by its xx. s $=B~l  
A process decision model captures the logic essential to v*T@ <]f3j  
From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ... 0$dY;,Q.  
21 T=)L5Vuq<  
The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula. 5tbiNm^X  
Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ... )F9V=PJE  
Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system. M. UUA?d<'  
A number of heuristic rules have been developed for {UjIxV(J  
Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that Q0oDl8~  
An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine 'XjHB!!hU  
Euler's formula states the following: I[ YfF  
The completed model should agree with the formula. { N8rZ[Oo  
For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessary #onfac-3  
Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore, ^SES')x  
To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful. <H(AS'  
Point of View Pp")hFx  
from an implementation standpoint, SZ1pf#w!  
From the point of view of this application, 4?6'~G$k  
From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short). L``mF(R^  
Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data ?F:C!_  
in order to allow one to make decisions. MDXQj5s^  
From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a NhaeAD $e  
simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm. 9hi(P*%q   
The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, >Sl:Z ,g;  
and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM y#SD-# I-  
p.129] N,'qMoNf  
Statistical analysis X( [n>w  
Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance comparing the three conditions T"jDq1C/,E  
(sham operation, ischemic AKI, and bilateral nephrectomy) at each time point. If 5nlyb,"^g  
significant F-statistic from analysis of variance existed, this test was followed by Dunnett vt7C  
post hoc multiple comparison procedure with sham operation as the control group. For all x[<#mt  
other comparisons, Student's t-test was used. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as >WG91b<Xq  
statistically significant. o]k]pNO  
Values are expressed as means s.e.m. and significance was evaluated by Mann–Whitney 6O?Sr,  
U test using GraphPad Prism, version 4.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, jfhDi6N  
CA, USA). olW`.3f  
All values are expressed as means s.d. Statistical significance (defined as P<0.05) was =cX"gI [  
evaluated using analysis of variance and Bonferroni t-tests, and the two-tailed Pearson's dtXJ<1:  
test, where appropriate. E.*OA y  
Data are expressed as mean s.d., median and interquartile range, or frequencies, as :'Kx?Es   
appropriate. Variables who deviated from the normal distribution (positively skewed) ;-wPXXR  
were log-transformed (log10) before the correlation study. B~?Q. <M  
Data are represented as means s.e.m. Student's t-test and multiple comparisons with t-test !c' ;L'  
post hoc analysis of variance were used as indicated below, for the comparison of h1d 0{  
22 JHOBg{Wg  
morphological, immunohistological and functional parameters. Statistical significance V)?g4M3}  
was set at P<0.05. Ya {1/AaM  
The primary efficacy parameter was defined as change in urinary protein excretion from FO3*[O   
baseline (week 0) to 12 months after treatment. The 12-month changes were tested ^qy-el  
against zero using the paired t-test. Secondary end points included 6-month changes in c7N9X 3A  
protein; the number with PR or CR at 6 or 12 months; and changes in glomerular Dy'l]vN$  
filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and lipid profiles. Study sample size was based on t|,Ex7  
the desire to have 80% power to detect a drop in urinary protein of at least 2.0 g day-1. q.Mck9R7  
Assuming a two-sided hypothesis test performed at a significance level of 0.05 and an s.d.  K8we*  
of urinary protein change of 2.5 g, it was determined that 15 patients were required.2 h2*&>Mc  
Definition of remission status is according to the criteria established by Cattran et al.30 lt"*y.%@b  
CR was defined as proteinuria <0.3 g per 24 h, PR as proteinuria 3 g per 24 h, and a sm S0Rk  
>50% reduction in peak proteinuria and non-response as <50% reduction in peak nlnJJM&J $  
proteinuria. Any patient reaching a CR or PR was considered a treatment success YA8~O5  
The statistical significance of differences for the mean values of cytokine concentration a-hGpYJJG  
and T cell proliferation was determined with Student's t-test. Differences with a P value *a.*Ha  
of less than 0.05 were considered significant. 2C&%UZim;P  
Statistical significance was determined by Student's t-test. Data with a P value of less q{(&:~M  
than 0.05 were considered significant. b DvbM  
In vitro and in vivo experiments were analyzed by the two-tailed Student's t-test, with P xz'd5 re%  
values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. `v er "s;  
The significance of differences among groups was determined by Student's t-test and | Ylk`<  
one-way analysis of variance (SigmaStat software; Jandel). < us{4 %  
Comparisons k"c_x*f  
As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view znRhQ+8;!  
will be discussed. m$g^On  
The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more -qF|Y f  
suitable #+\G- =-  
As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously], x=)$sD-3  
Relation [J Xrj{  
We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping. z w9r0bG  
The relationships appear very complicate i|GC 'XD@  
Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and s9>!^MzBK  
the human operator's characteristics. }IL@j A  
These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ... s,x]zG"  
The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship 1L7,x @w  
among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships. ?YO%]mTP  
This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former. QeoDq  
The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product. rJ>8|K[kt  
Importance f_8~b0`  
{VG6m Hw  
23 1\uS~R R  
The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision Viw3 /K  
making. *Q?HaG|S  
Consideration / Attention I5]zOKlVR  
Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure e`^j_V nEH  
Such a formulation does not change further considerations. (n\ cs$  
Considerable attention has been paid to vCM'n kXY  
Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation. /_\4( vvf  
Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ... R0[Gfq9M =  
Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodated 3]acfCacC  
After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determine p WHu[Fu  
A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the mf#oa~_  
appropriate decision. C'ZU .Y  
It should be noted that G)Y!aX  
It is important to point out that ... :nI.Qa'"H  
These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ... F<[8!^l(z  
We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx >\ W" 3.  
Results. 9EEHLx"  
Advantages / Disadvantage _PF><ODX2  
One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the -84Z8 ?_  
experimental study of ZfU_4Pl->  
One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it. 43Q&<r$[T  
It has a very fast decision making process @)B_e*6>'  
All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations. $1e@3mzM  
It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor;based 15COwc*k  
environment. Rjf |  
It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch. PA E)3  
The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following: MEu-lM7v  
However, xx is not without its shortcomings. 3; A1[E6K  
In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx. jVDNThm+  
Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%.  Po5}Vh  
The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%. GCrN:+E0FJ  
Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx . (H$eXW7  
Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx. m+gVGK  
Some other advantages of xx are the following: $jHL8r\e7  
The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts. Xe5J  
It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that *G9; d0  
was impossible in practice. .D :v0Zm}m  
There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx, .}tL:^'~o  
The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches. ;j$84o{  
This combines the best features of both techniques V #=N?p  
24 9DIGK\  
Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, txi m|)  
and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in ( nBsf1l  
virtual communities. w(vf>L6(  
Results Qwb@3{  
An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data provided h.67] U7m  
Recent work has identified  9( m^^  
Time-dependent changes of zIQ\ _>  
Cyclosporine-induced cell death is triggered by a non-classical phosphoinositide 3-kinase ]Y3ALQr!  
and does not require ERK activation. e@6}?q;  
Much of the current work on blLX ncyD  
Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this review Qc6323/"  
Based on the information contained in this Cu0/TeEM  
The result can be categorized into nine classes A0'Yfuie  
The results are illustrated by an example Z!*Wn`d-k  
The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2. ^D!UF(H  
From the results obtained so far, it seem that 0n5N-b?G-@  
Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn as GLEGyT?~  
Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion. $PNR?  
The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs. d=q2Or   
Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower level models, less fuzzy and more !W8$-iq  
detailed. [~$9n_O94  
Conclusion J.~$^-&!  
From the discussion, one may conclude that ... v\Q${6kEtx  
The first indication that kGCd!$fsk  
In summary, we have shown that 2LXy$[)7  
These results suggested that mhh8<BI  
Our findings have shown that  /I="+  
Our observations have provided xqIt?v2c  
This study reveals following five main findings: !5pnl0DK*  
To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical report of both PIM and HIFs in CmM K\R.  
the diabetic kidney. u PjJ> v  
As mentioned above, 2}t2k>  
Moreover, we demonstrate that, W,}C*8{+  
A number of studies have elaborated a body of knowledge about ~p^6  
There are findings to indicate that /z`LB  
On a descriptive level, there is agreement that for nCJ)=P.d  
One issue that became particularly evident from our study is Yaht<Hy  
Our data are in agreement with the findings and models presented by previous "\Z.YZUa\  
publications, in particular those of Jones et al Z_Hc":4i  
According to our observations, t*~V] wZ  
…was not evident from our data pvD\E  
25 G)G5eXXX  
It could therefore be concluded that <Zl}u:(w  
our data illustrate that .sgP3Ah  
All these different aspects, as listed above, lead to ^,qi` Tk  
In fact, it has already been speculated that w/#k.YE  
It should be furthermore mentioned in this context that 3 a_~18W  
To identify and verify the essential factors triggering developmental renin expression, it l`4hWs\I  
is of interest now to study the development of intrarenal renin expression in mice with Qk *`9  
defined gene mutations, using the results of this study as a reference system. y}Oc^Fc  
In conclusion, using several approaches, we demonstrated that $OldHe[p  
But we have not provided formal proof yet that jTH,GF  
In summary, our results suggest that R<I)}<g(A3  
In conclusion, we identify JmjqA Dex  
A better understanding of such regulatory systems may yield novel therapeutic Y92 w L}  
approaches to glomerular diseases. ^"STM'Zh  
Preliminary results of short-term studies (2 weeks) indicate that e3oHe1"hP  
However, we believe that qwM71 B!r  
However, despite our extensive measurements of these parameters, we found no =dSH8C"  
relationship between response and initial proteinuria, time to B-cell recovery, the U@T"teGBA  
development of antibodies to rituximab, B-cell count in the kidney tissue, nor the degree Fuq ;4UcbL  
of tubular interstitial damage present. A clear conclusion for efficacy, however, cannot be >Z r f}H  
obtained from an uncontrolled study, and definitive claims of efficacy should be reserved *")Req  
for rigorous, prospective, controlled, and randomized trials with the use of rituximab and 0A9llE  
that will also look for factors that may determine its efficacy in IMN. ?5-Y'(r  
It has become increasingly clear that f9ux+XQk9  
Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that G'<:O(Imu  
The conclusions drawn are also valid *oZ]k`-!8  
In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of xx lies not only in... +? y ', Ir  
We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of 2t 7':X  
Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area q(xr5iuP_  
Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the xx compatibility in a4aM.o  
achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hierarchy is made possible. In13crr4!  
This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the xx process and xx 2[} O:  
concept. ;GQCq@)-  
The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for 7W[+e&  
improvements for xx work. v *icoj  
The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xx method. lEAf\T7  
This has a tremendous impact on our understanding of 7]sRHX0o%  
Significant progress has been made in advancing RNAi therapeutics in a remarkably pNUe|b+P  
short period of time p.@ kv  
To date, little is known about… =1#obB  
Irrespective of the mechanisms and the molecules –which are still largely unknown – D *=.;Rq  
involved in MSC functions, current data suggest that 'k'"+  
To better understand J(>T&G;  
26 ^k J>4  
Future Research (常用于conclustion 的结尾) 'Nkd *  
Thus, first extension of the approach could be, !#y_vz9  
Further studies are needed to determine the importance of x&p.-Fi  
Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought through 8yC t(ms  
additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of the scheduling MoZ8A6e?B  
activity. Uc%kyTBm1  
It also unveiled new aspects of the role played by thyroid hormone in response to injury x`:c0y9uG  
and tissue repair.  LA]UIM@  
In the near future, the ongoing clinical trials with siRNAs for macular degeneration and ^V}c8 P|  
RSV may reveal the exciting potential of RNAi therapeutics as the next major class of \X2r?   
drug molecules. B@j2^Dr~!  
In the next few years it should become clear whether sEymwpm9  
It should be an exciting time for researchers seeking to harness this powerful endogenous gp+aUK~o  
pathway to treat human disease. 2WK c;?  
Acknowledgement HT:V;?"  
The authors are grateful to the insightful work provided by Mr. John W. Harney and all Y(RB@+67  
of the fellows and students that contributed with some of the studies discussed in this KwHlpW*  
article "IHFme@^  
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete 5pU/X.lc  
this thesis. _]v@Dq VP  
I want to thank the Department of Transport of the former Interim Government of ;I9g;}  
Namibia for giving me permission to commence this thesis in the first instance, to do the }U'VVPh _  
necessary research work and to use departmental data }  fa  
This work was supported by NIH grants AI058695 and AI056900. We thank members of & gF9VY  
the laboratory and our collaborators for many useful suggestions. '=0l{hv@  
We thank J. Maraganore and B. Greene for critical reading of the manuscript, M. F'-,Ksn  
Duckman for graphics assistance and A. Capobianco for word processing assistance. 704_ehrlE  
Author contributions _lDNYpv  
All authors were involved in experimental planning and data analysis and contributed to Kzx` E>,z'  
manuscript preparation. G<-<>)zO!  
Tables and Figures ]D&U} n  
Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships. v|M T^.  
The graphical representation of these functions is shown in Figure 1. ix hF,F  
The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1. klAvi%^jE  
Figure x shows the schematic diagram of the ;X;(7  
Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that $>7T s>8  
the architecture of this expert system for .... is illustrated in Figure 2. G8zbb  
Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system -'F27])  
Table shows the R$p(5>#\5  
27 Zoy)2E{  
Time-dependent changes of 6L; ]5)#  
as shown in Table 1 and 2 AhkDLm+  
This concept is illustrated in Figure 2 @?jtB  
At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data. .C.b5x!  
Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row;headings, qRR%aJ/  
xx through xx as column;headings. A2ufET  
Time course of calculated renin immunoreactive tissue volumes during development of $Dd-2p   
the mouse kidney. Data are single values per time point. They were derived from the Dlpmm2  
kidneys shown in Figure 1. i&8|@CACb  
Yellow color indicates +$Y*1{hyOo  
PCT3 cells were pretreated with 50 M PD98059 or 10 M U0126 for 30 min and then 9Z }<H/q  
cells were stimulated with 25 g ml-1 CsA for 6 h. ERK and PKB activation were W/3sJc9  
analyzed by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies. *VmX.  
ERK and PKB activation were measured by western blot using phospho-specific MsBm0r`a  
antibodies D.-G!0 !  
The data are the means of three different experiments taking the number of untreated cells ( et W4p  
(vehicle alone) as 100%. in5e *  
ERK and PKB activation were then analyzed by western blot with the corresponding xXc>YTK'  
phospho-specific antibodies. To ensure equal amount of protein in each lane, western 7#W]Qj  
blots against total protein were performed for ERK and PKB. }n "5r(*^@  
The means of optical density (OD) values of the bands detected in western blots of three <f`n[QD2z  
different experiments are plotted, taking the maximal value of phosphorylation of ERK OR*JWW[]  
and PKB as 100%. }O>4XFj  
CT3 cells were treated with 25 g ml-1 CsA or vehicle alone for 24 h and then fixed with =3 6fS/Gb  
paraformaldehyde and stained with Hoescht as indicated in Materials and Methods. Then ;c>"gW8  
cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy (upper panel) and fluorescence z9g ++]rkJ  
microscopy (lower panel). 3 tCTPZy  
The data are the means of three experiments performed on different days taking the <i4]qO(0u  
number of cells at the onset of the experiment as 100%. IC5QH<.$C  
Rats were killed at 4 h and at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28 after disease induction NJ+$3n om  
(n=9 each). 4I$Y"|_e  
*P<0.05 versus non-nephritic rats. j}tM0Ug.U  
The expression of the CCN3 protein was detected by western blot analysis (n=4 each, PC, 8nu!5 3  
positive control, M, molecular weight markers). FwlD P  
Original magnifications: 200 in A, E, G, H; 600 in B, C, D, F. >{q+MWK  
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. AT+ l%%   
*P<0.05 versus 0.5 h. uS,?oS  
PDGF-BB and -DD, but not PDGF-AA and -CC, induce a downregulation of CCN3 ?d3FR!  
mRNA as determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to YPGzI]\  
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. i+qg*o$  
Cell number was counted in duplicate using a Malassez hemocytometer l"A/6r!Dp  
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus cells treated with #h^nvRmON  
MCDB media for 24 h, #P<0.05. gm2|`^Xq$  
28 =.;ib6M  
The curves are adjusted for history of coronary artery disease, CRP, and progression to Wz=& 0>Mm_  
ESRD. Qw5(5W[L  
Both models are independent of age, gender, baseline GFR and proteinuria, and other 6WQN !H8+^  
clinical characteristics and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors :d9GkC  
Correlation between serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and serum PTH ,hu@V\SKv  
(n=99, P<0.0001, r2=0.190) =WUL%MfW  
Concentration of serum FGF23 concentration before starting and at the end of the 4-h i a!!jK }  
hemodialysis procedure in 23 patients, expressed as log10 values (n=23, P<0.0001, "i(f+N,)  
Student's paired t-test). D{Nd2G  
Immunohistochemistry for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole (PIM) and HIF-2 ; ]o]`X$n  
arrow=endothelial cell and CD=collecting duct iB(?}SaAZ  
Magnification: 1000. "hI"4xSg  
A table of .. is developed and significant recommendations are made. a'|]_`36x  
CONJUGATION %;h1n6=v2  
To Indicate Addition 8v2Wi.4T  
additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easily understood, besides, equally important, #*.4Jv<R  
especially, finally, for the same reason, first, further, furthermore, in addition, last, ^i#0aq2}  
likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too, evidently, obviously, roughly speaking, )s^gT]"N  
broadly speaking g2TK(S|#  
To Indicate Cause and Effect d*Su c  
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in short, otherwise, then, 5I6?gv/  
therefore, thus, truly 4 qsct@K,  
To indicate Comparison Qx E%C  
in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternatively D* ~Q;q>  
To Indicate Concession Y=<ABtertS  
after all, although this may be true, at the same time, even though, even so , I admit, #e-7LmO~  
naturally, of course hs;|,r  
To Indicate Contrast @q<h.#9  
and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however, yet, in fact, in contrast, in the real life, sq#C|v/  
in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normally, on the contrary, on the other hand, _ ){u5%vv  
still, traditionally, rather, unfortunately, ,Aq, f$5V  
To Indicate Time Relationships C$])q`9  
after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, as long as, as soon as, at last, at length, |>j^$^l~  
at the moment, at that time, at the same time, before, earlier, currently, immediately, in M<Z#4Gg#4  
the meantime, in recent years, lately, later, meanwhile, often, of late, presently, recently, ~oSA&v4V  
soon, shortly, since, thereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, while \)\n5F:Zu  
29 8cY5:plK  
To Indicate Special Features or Examples Uhh[le2 %  
for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words, in particular, in \ :@!rM  
practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this respect, theoretically, as mentioned gPK O-Fsd"  
before / above %iIr %P?  
To Indicate Summary QrmGrRH  
in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude b9.7j!W  
, in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result, ultimately, L~|_)4  
VERB PHASE &JLKHwi/  
build a .. model >/GYw"KK  
have been described to tJ d/u QJ  
To assess the functional role of :WH0=Bieh  
we detected |1OF!(:  
build up the key link P1TTaYu  
Although a number of studies have identified predictors of Pvkr$ou  
began a new era in ... +)( "!@  
can be regarded as / achieved / used to/for / found / obtained through UG}"OBg/  
can result in /WAOpf5   
carries out ... tasks :Z;kMrU  
production information in order to simultaneously QE;,mC>  
contains all information necessary to describe LwQYO'X  
do not make use of production information gavf$be  
deals with { zalB" i  
end with failure v 'y<}U  
fetch the information from the model directly 7&|&y SCu  
has great potential / yet to be resolved / spurred the development of / F*B^#AZg  
been recognized as jvE&%|Ngw  
site component / cable of / currently implemented for / demonstrated by an example / <e8 Ux#x/  
finally reached / made equal to / equivalent to / more suitable to / oriented to / L{6Vi&I84[  
interpreted as / pointed out / potentially of great benefit in the complex task of / shown F,GG>(6c  
in / used to effectively guide the search h7\16j  
makes use of /Q9iO&Vu  
was significantly higher as compared to ~ln96*)M;  
To assess disease-specific alterations, we measured s)~H_,  
To specifically assess the relationship between ;&RHc#1F  
make up _3Q8R }  
To determine if TbR Ee;1  
This statistically significant difference still FVH R  
They positively correlated with 24_/JDz  
Present r?n3v[B  
Our results are consistent with our recent data that suggest that !='&#@7u  
30 UazUr=| e  
contribute to &uTK@ G+  
meets the needs of real life production,/ the current demands placed upon it jJY!;f  
must be justified FHu+dZ  
point out 9"k^:}8.  
play an important role -u 'BK@;  
relates to c3aF lxW  
rely on 6m{1im=  
We performed DWRq \`P  
satisfy the needs !|S{e^WhbU  
determine the total requirements for the ... &ffd#2f`@  
uses ... as a key to search for... 2r&T.  
without relying on h wfKgsm  
will be available/ performed/ overlooked 4 '6HX#J  
NOUN PHASE 2f$6}m'Ad  
a basic technical function of U: Q&sq8U  
a significant reduction of ~<#!yRy>r  
drug variability 5}t}Wc8  
a critical need >w"k:O17  
negatively correlated with ^8yhx-mgb  
a key / principle feature of 564)ha/^(  
a substantial impact on x7]Yn'^'  
an intensive review was conducted S BBi"U:  
The analysis of the correlations by .-g++f(_i  
an increasing need for expanding the application of .... \{ui{8+G  
an important component / function / aspect / issue eD481r  
each rule is numbered in sequence _*O^|QbM  
each of these involves u/BCl! `  
for this calculation, it is necessary to define \We\*7^E  
in the physical environment / integration of ]%PQ3MT.  
in the reality of situations where … p|z\L}0  
many aspects of O+o1R24JI  
most past efforts have been spent on ... Xn'{g  
common sense to a well studied and documented technical field. |h; _r&  
sources of additional information on ... are listed ,5_Hen=PI  
systematic and rationally structured format 2=TQU33#  
the basis on which a range of ...operations can be established is shown }0P5~]S<5A  
THE basic philosophy / principles of / key element / general hypothesis / candidate list *c+Kqz-  
of / concept of ... has attracted wide interest / function is concerned with / heart / i0%S6vmaS  
impact / nature / role / task of / kernel functions W~J> Srt  
the number of parts needed to m\88Etl@  
the above statement means that \WnI&nu  
the output data is passed to ESl-k2  
31 f<V#Yc(U }  
the proposed method / underlying principle s\6kXR  
the recommendations made in this report, if implemented, should yE(>R(^  
this information resides in s 9,?"\0Zm  
this process is composed of ... different ... operation LP8Stj JP  
along with the use of Y7yh0r_  
concerning general aspects of J?WT  
due to Rl7V~dUY  
for later use in generating..., uM\(#jZ  
in turn, L {6y]t7^  
it can be claimed/concluded that \>8"r,hG|  
it demonstrates the decisions required of 3le/(=&1  
it also provides information to .. +)C?v&N  
it becomes essential to 5G@z l  
let ... be the probability that E>tlY&0[$  
once... is written, it is compiled into... #<X+)B6t  
suppose it is observed that HL;y5o?  
this is because 4#$~gTc@  
this results in a +1j@n.)ft  
upon completion of the ... analysis, bE-{ U/;  
when the knowledge is of mathematics or quantum physics, it will also be #{)=%5=c  
recorded in books and papers 8Yr_$5R  
selection of rules for using the tools, for generating operation plans, >yC1X|d~t  
is another matter of preference, since practice varies greatly. #/NZ0IbHk  
for the sake of convenience uV r6tb1  
correct decision to be reach U^ tr Z])  
keeping the number of rules to a minimum. #?)g?u%g=  
a good process plan will result exhibiting several characteristics: 5CZii=@  
practical solutions c <8s \2  
because of rather small job lot sizes m}\G.$h4  
Backward reasoning can be used to answer the question "should milling tool be select" 0oI3Fb;E  
different level of knowledge in the realm of process planning
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