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楼主  发表于: 2009-10-18   

医学SCI 论文经典句子

18 |!,;IoZ  
Jurkat cells cultured in calcium-free RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco BRL; number 'de&9\  
22300-107) containing calcium-free 10% FBS were triggered by anti-Fas IgM. The :tdN#m6&  
treated cells were harvested at the indicated time points and incubated with Fluo-3-AM at nD{o8;  
a final concentration of 1 micromolar for 30 min at 37°C (Scoltock et al., 2000). The I w~R@,  
labeled cells (50,000 cells per treatment) were then analyzed by exciting the cells at 488 +<a-;e{  
nm and examining the fluorescence emission of Fluo 3 at 530 nm with a FACS Scan, =+DfIO  
(Becton Dickinson). A one micromolar concentration of LPA was used as a positive TD!--l*gL  
control for Ca2+ induction. The data thus obtained was analyzed with the software Win ~}pc&jz>q  
MDI 2.8 and represented as contour plots.The effect of chelating intracellular calcium on 8BE] A_X  
translocation of annexin I was studied by culturing Jurkat cells in the presence of 10 S6Y2(qdP  
micromolar BAPTA-AM, with or without the addition of anti-Fas IgM. Cells were J}BN}|Y@2  
harvested and fractionated as detailed above, and the S-100 fractions were assessed by <hvs{}TS  
immunoblotting for presence or absence of annexin I. 1-0tG+  
Mouse bone marrow transduction and transplantation. r2yJ{j&s  
Retrovirus-mediated transduction of mouse bone marrow cells was done by published Bs)'Gk`1  
methods49. Prestimulated low-density bone marrow cells were infected with high-titer  Xdh2  
retrovirus supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates. Retrovirus supernatant was generated hz:h>Hwy  
in the phoenix-gp cells with a mouse stem cell virus–based retroviral vector coexpressing 0v+ -yEkw  
EGFP and HA–RhoH as described50. EGFP+ sorted cells were transplanted by }@x!r=O)I  
intravenous injection into the sublethally irradiated (300 rads with a 137Cs irradiator) d^MRu#]  
Rag2-/- recipient mice. At 9 weeks after transplantation, thymus, peripheral blood, bone ckGmwYP9  
marrow, spleen and lymph nodes from each recipient mouse were collected for analysis cX7 O*5C  
of EGFP+ chimerism and hematopoietic lineage by flow cytometry. Expression of o3]Lrzh  
HA–RhoH and HA–RhoHF73F83 in EGFP+ sorted thymocytes of recipient mice was ja^_Lh9  
confirmed by immunoblot analysis. v{d$DZUs  
Determination of renal morphology &hEn3u  
Kidney slices were postfixed in buffered 2% OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in an Z<^;Ybw{`Z  
Araldite-EM bed 812 mixture. Large sections were cut perpendicular to the renal capsule, HS[($  
containing cortex, and medulla. Thin (1 m) sections were analyzed in a blinded manner /sfJ:KP0  
for morphologic alterations, as previously detailed .7]P-]uOZ  
Patient population H2H`7 +I,  
Patients included in the study met the following criteria: (1) biopsy-proven IMN; (2) ,qx^D  
creatinine clearance 30 ml per min per 1.73 m2; and (3) persistent proteinuria >5 g per o^XDG^35`  
24 h despite treatment with an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) Q$uv \h;  
reductase inhibitor, an ACEi, and/or ARB at maximal tolerated dose for at least 4 months. 84vd~Cf 9  
The Mayo Institutional Review Board and the Research Ethical Board, University Health @- }*cQ4u?  
Network, University of Toronto approved the study protocol. All patients gave written fuzB;Ea  
informed consent. Patients who had been on treatment with prednisone, cyclosporine, or [Ur\^wS  
19 OvAhp&k  
mycophenolic mofetil within the last 4 months or alkylating agents within the last 6 W:,Wex^9n  
months were not included in the study. Patients with active infection, diabetes, or a gVrQAcJj  
secondary cause of MN (for example, hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 2]1u0-M5L  
medications, malignancies) were also excluded. 4;fuS_(X  
Treatment (J[Xryub  
At enrollment, a low-sodium (<4 g day-1) and low-protein (0.8 g per kg per day of T] \c2U  
high-quality protein) diet was recommended and patients were encouraged to maintain yL*]_  
the same diet throughout the duration of the study. All patients received a similar @(Y!$><Is  
conservative treatment regimen that included loop diuretics to control edema, an MC* Hl`C  
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, and an ACEi combined with an ARB if tolerated. 5?lc%,-&  
-Blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, in that order, were added $#q` Y+;L2  
when required to control systolic blood pressures to <135 mm Hg in >75% of the 0V4B Q:v  
readings. Patients who after a minimum of 4 months of conservative therapy and e"ehH#i  
maximized Ang II blockade had proteinuria >5 g per 24 h received two i.v. infusions of {uj_4F t  
rituximab at a dose of 1000 mg on days 1 and 15. To minimize infusion reactions, B 1V{ 3  
patients were premedicated with acetaminophen (1000 mg) and diphenhydramine ")T\_ME  
hydrochloride (50 mg) orally. In addition, methylprednisolone (100 mg, i.v.) was given |5bLV^mv]i  
prior to the first rituximab infusion. B-cell depletion was defined as CD19+ count uMJ \  
<5 cells per l at any time and B-cell recovery was defined as CD19+ cell count $@>0;i ::  
>15 cells per l. Patients treated with rituximab, who at month 6 had proteinuria >3 g per Snx!^4+MF  
24 h and in whom CD19+ B-cell counts had increased to >15 cells per l, received a $VuXr=f}  
second course of rituximab treatment following the same protocol described above. c2y,zq|H  
Follow-up "f,{d}u  
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, m1l6 QcT1  
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum CIjc5^Y2  
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry `7CK;NeT  
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Creatinine clearance and protein and creatinine excretion p49]{2GXb  
in the urine were assessed by performing two consecutive 24-h urine collections at each ~SnUnNDm`  
time point. Data were considered accurate when urinary creatinine excretion was U ? +_\  
consistent with a complete 24 h collection. The mean of the two measurements was s/E|Z1pg3  
considered for the analysis. The presence of HACAs was evaluated at baseline and at yD7BZI xW  
months 3, 6, 9, and 12. ]:P7}Kpb  
Method / Approach / Study/ Technique Bqq= 2lj  
A discussion is presented of a problem-solving system \D7b Tn  
To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied. gc9R;B1  
In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of the [9 W@<p  
Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally i[v4[C=WB!  
accepted xN1P#  
20 cHs3:F~~  
This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report. .Pb-{!$Ni  
This can be accomplished by Lo%n{*if  
This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows: J ^'El^F  
The above preliminary analysis has provided important information ~r1pO#r-  
Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum... `o[l%I\Q  
These concepts have been applied to b 7UJ  
On the basis of the concept mentioned above, >STtX6h  
This can be achieved by 3k Ci5C  
In addition, tissues were stained for infiltrating lymphocytes (CD20 and CD3), and the 5E]t4"  
amount of interstitial fibrosis was quantified by histomorphometry. Formalin-fixed, xa>| k>I  
paraffin-embedded sections were cut onto coated glass slides. Following heat-induced  is'V%q  
antigen retrieval, sections were incubated at 20°C overnight with either anti-CD20 "-J 5!y*,Y  
primary antibody or anti-CD3 primary antibody, both at 1:1000 dilution (Dako, Canada ;G[V:.o-  
Inc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). After rinsing all sections, pretreatment with 3% 6Sr]<I +:  
hydrogen peroxide was performed to prevent endogenous peroxidase activation. Sections |=?#Xbxz  
were incubated with a secondary rabbit anti-mouse antibody linked with avidin–biotin iUx\3d,  
complex. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined by light ,YYEn^:>  
microscopy. RK3y q$  
The HACA assay is a proprietary bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 79\ wjR!T  
performed at Genentech Inc. that measures the antibody response to rituximab in human #[93$)Gd!  
serum samples. z _!ut  
In all patients, clinical and laboratory parameters including complete blood counts, 6TtB3;5  
electrolytes, serum albumin, B-cell flow cytometry for CD19+ B cells, serum 5/meH[R\M  
immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, and a lipid panel were evaluated at study entry i "8mrWb  
and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Ey6R/M)?:y  
This fact suggests that a new concept 9d(\/ 7  
This was accomplished by taking ...  bGRt  
The preparatory stage is very time consuming process. Dl,QCZeM  
Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibility %uW  =kr  
There is little hope of achieving successful ... ^ Ltho`  
There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have |)-kUu  
not taken this approach, with the exception of dC11kq qj  
Only a few studies can be found. N8<J'7%  
It is a very tedious process to go through c_lHj#A(l  
It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effected  @MW@mP)#  
The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head. g=*jKSZ  
These approaches are sometimes very tedious. t ne_]+  
Several techniques can be used D6 B-#u!M  
A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]: nJD GNm,  
A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx. G\.~/<Mg+  
A xx model represents an xx by its xx. 1{}p_"s>  
A process decision model captures the logic essential to SI( f&T(  
From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ... .@1+}0  
21 h`[$ Bp  
The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula. tUn >=>cWP  
Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ... mScv7S~/s  
Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system. .)Tj}Im2p  
A number of heuristic rules have been developed for v.0qE}' |  
Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so that WI8}_){ d  
An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determine S zULy >e  
Euler's formula states the following: oXPA<ef o  
The completed model should agree with the formula. UwN Vvo  
For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessary 6 FS%9.Ws  
Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore, Hv,|XE@Y  
To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful. KK|w30\f  
Point of View 2TK \pfD  
from an implementation standpoint, &@=Jm /5  
From the point of view of this application, U(&c@ u%  
From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short). ?K1B^M=8  
Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data r(,U{bU<  
in order to allow one to make decisions. n#_B4UqW%  
From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a MK< y$B{}  
simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm. o3WOp80hz  
The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, woI5aee|  
and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM }\ _.Mg^y  
p.129] [8V;Q  
Statistical analysis bG;fwgAr  
Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance comparing the three conditions 62xOh\(  
(sham operation, ischemic AKI, and bilateral nephrectomy) at each time point. If # :+ Nr  
significant F-statistic from analysis of variance existed, this test was followed by Dunnett d0J /"<  
post hoc multiple comparison procedure with sham operation as the control group. For all (leX` SN0u  
other comparisons, Student's t-test was used. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as "8za'@D"f  
statistically significant. `kKssU<  
Values are expressed as means s.e.m. and significance was evaluated by Mann–Whitney )\wkVAm  
U test using GraphPad Prism, version 4.0 software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, kBUkE-~  
CA, USA). ;`AB-  
All values are expressed as means s.d. Statistical significance (defined as P<0.05) was 7H H  
evaluated using analysis of variance and Bonferroni t-tests, and the two-tailed Pearson's %0\@\fC41  
test, where appropriate. dCx63rF`G  
Data are expressed as mean s.d., median and interquartile range, or frequencies, as >`QBN1 Y  
appropriate. Variables who deviated from the normal distribution (positively skewed) =4TQ*;V:  
were log-transformed (log10) before the correlation study. EKc<|e,F  
Data are represented as means s.e.m. Student's t-test and multiple comparisons with t-test If'q8G3]-  
post hoc analysis of variance were used as indicated below, for the comparison of VH7t^fb  
22 C T~6T&'  
morphological, immunohistological and functional parameters. Statistical significance /R&`]9].s  
was set at P<0.05. j26i+Z  
The primary efficacy parameter was defined as change in urinary protein excretion from 74^v('-2  
baseline (week 0) to 12 months after treatment. The 12-month changes were tested FDo PW~+[  
against zero using the paired t-test. Secondary end points included 6-month changes in 0 kJ8H!~u  
protein; the number with PR or CR at 6 or 12 months; and changes in glomerular 4Kqo>|C  
filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and lipid profiles. Study sample size was based on 2EgvS!"  
the desire to have 80% power to detect a drop in urinary protein of at least 2.0 g day-1. }L0 [ Jo:  
Assuming a two-sided hypothesis test performed at a significance level of 0.05 and an s.d. 8W3zrnc  
of urinary protein change of 2.5 g, it was determined that 15 patients were required.2 9J:|"@)N  
Definition of remission status is according to the criteria established by Cattran et al.30 xMbgBx4+  
CR was defined as proteinuria <0.3 g per 24 h, PR as proteinuria 3 g per 24 h, and a 3ynkf77cn  
>50% reduction in peak proteinuria and non-response as <50% reduction in peak CU=sQfE  
proteinuria. Any patient reaching a CR or PR was considered a treatment success Z+B*V )a=  
The statistical significance of differences for the mean values of cytokine concentration "#)|WVa=BM  
and T cell proliferation was determined with Student's t-test. Differences with a P value _2KIe(,;  
of less than 0.05 were considered significant. 8T+9 fh]I  
Statistical significance was determined by Student's t-test. Data with a P value of less Nuqmp7C  
than 0.05 were considered significant. d==0 @`  
In vitro and in vivo experiments were analyzed by the two-tailed Student's t-test, with P R*GBxJaw  
values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. $ :I{  
The significance of differences among groups was determined by Student's t-test and stG +4w  
one-way analysis of variance (SigmaStat software; Jandel). y)zZ:lyIq  
Comparisons iM!Ya!  
As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view yjT>bu]  
will be discussed. {Q>OZm\+  
The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more a!R*O3   
suitable a&{Y~Og?%  
As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously], J4+WF#xI2  
Relation !h1:AW_iz  
We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping. a~Dk@>+P>  
The relationships appear very complicate 1G]D:9-?  
Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and bci]"uzB  
the human operator's characteristics. af<h2 r  
These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ... ?OW!D?  
The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship @Ommd{0M  
among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships. TG;[,oa  
This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former. m 3UK`~ji  
The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product. uZ8-?  
Importance u7mPp3ZYK  
nA0%M1a  
23 mrr]{K  
The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision  2d*bF.  
making. NWh1u`  
Consideration / Attention M(L6PyEa!Y  
Careful evaluation is necessary to ensure QM8Ic,QFvo  
Such a formulation does not change further considerations. ,c"J[$i $  
Considerable attention has been paid to nrY)i_\  
Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation. G_?U?:!AC  
Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ... YyYZD{^  
Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodated `Pc6 G*p  
After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determine Btxtu"]nJo  
A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the $F^VtCx2&  
appropriate decision. M~\dvJ$cH  
It should be noted that O|sk "YXF  
It is important to point out that ... 7SS#V  
These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ... =s!0EwDH3  
We should stress the fundamental importance of the xx EF!J#N2  
Results. fD@d.8nXd  
Advantages / Disadvantage nHm29{G0  
One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the _%R^8FjH*  
experimental study of W+ ;=8S  
One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it. &(,\~  
It has a very fast decision making process Jy/< {7j  
All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations. AuK$KGCI=  
It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor;based lS9S7`  
environment. )qb'tZz/g_  
It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch. S>I` y]qlR  
The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following: EA(4xj&:U  
However, xx is not without its shortcomings. 27fLW&b2  
In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx.  4ams~  
Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%. /V09Na,N  
The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%. ymxA<bICS8  
Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx . 1s(T#jh  
Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx. eMnK@J  
Some other advantages of xx are the following: z |llf7:  
The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts. h_?`ESI~  
It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that Q&.uL}R  
was impossible in practice. d^A]]Xg  
There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx, z*h:Nt%.  
The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches. iH4LZ  
This combines the best features of both techniques rs?Dn6:;B  
24 OJpfiZ@Q_  
Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, WF`%7A39Af  
and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in zQulPU  
virtual communities. " Bx@(  
Results OUUV8K  
An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data provided H9)n<r  
Recent work has identified ,:PMS8pS  
Time-dependent changes of h,R Isq;`  
Cyclosporine-induced cell death is triggered by a non-classical phosphoinositide 3-kinase 4+q,[m-$(  
and does not require ERK activation. N_bgWQY  
Much of the current work on 73rme,   
Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this review :ZY%-]u7  
Based on the information contained in this b_RO%L:"yL  
The result can be categorized into nine classes : B&~q$  
The results are illustrated by an example : |s;2Y  
The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2. LH(P<k&  
From the results obtained so far, it seem that Ck )W=  
Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn as J[:#(c&c!1  
Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion. m@XX2l9:9  
The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs. L@GICW~  
Their results may then serve as guidelines for lower level models, less fuzzy and more n#x_da-m]  
detailed. Pv5S k8  
Conclusion `15}jTi  
From the discussion, one may conclude that ... #ae?#?/"  
The first indication that ]|g2V a~-  
In summary, we have shown that UCcr>  
These results suggested that ;)FvTm'"\.  
Our findings have shown that O80Z7  
Our observations have provided > Hv9Xz  
This study reveals following five main findings: P?V+<c{  
To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical report of both PIM and HIFs in m+'1c}n^7  
the diabetic kidney. a?+C]u?_D  
As mentioned above, \;Q(o$5<  
Moreover, we demonstrate that, 8J'5%$3u  
A number of studies have elaborated a body of knowledge about (E0WZ $f}  
There are findings to indicate that .\oW@2,RA9  
On a descriptive level, there is agreement that for YaS!YrpI  
One issue that became particularly evident from our study is R?)Yh.vi=t  
Our data are in agreement with the findings and models presented by previous (9]1 p;  
publications, in particular those of Jones et al ThX3@o  
According to our observations, .) tQ&2  
…was not evident from our data EwzcB\m  
25 ^Ak?2,xB#+  
It could therefore be concluded that uB"B{:Kz  
our data illustrate that 9<rs3 84  
All these different aspects, as listed above, lead to T4:H:  
In fact, it has already been speculated that HR?T  
It should be furthermore mentioned in this context that AAfU]4u0S  
To identify and verify the essential factors triggering developmental renin expression, it ^!^M Gzu  
is of interest now to study the development of intrarenal renin expression in mice with -_9*BvS]R  
defined gene mutations, using the results of this study as a reference system. 2gK]w$H7!  
In conclusion, using several approaches, we demonstrated that u^SInanw  
But we have not provided formal proof yet that Sm {Sq  
In summary, our results suggest that 02EX_tt),  
In conclusion, we identify ]/h$6mrL  
A better understanding of such regulatory systems may yield novel therapeutic v @M6D}  
approaches to glomerular diseases. "\Dqtr w  
Preliminary results of short-term studies (2 weeks) indicate that g \S6>LG!  
However, we believe that O6$,J1 2l  
However, despite our extensive measurements of these parameters, we found no , SUx!o  
relationship between response and initial proteinuria, time to B-cell recovery, the i;~.kgtq4  
development of antibodies to rituximab, B-cell count in the kidney tissue, nor the degree W"s/ 8;  
of tubular interstitial damage present. A clear conclusion for efficacy, however, cannot be ?i0u)< H  
obtained from an uncontrolled study, and definitive claims of efficacy should be reserved XC<'m{^(m  
for rigorous, prospective, controlled, and randomized trials with the use of rituximab and vO?sHh  
that will also look for factors that may determine its efficacy in IMN. N:64Gko"K  
It has become increasingly clear that "PTEt{qn  
Form the above discussion, the conclusion can be reached that z{BgAI,  
The conclusions drawn are also valid |#t^D.j  
In conclusion to this, it becomes obvious that the problem of xx lies not only in... 3bGU;2~}  
We have attempted to introduce some concepts associated with a theory of `yl|N L  
Considerable more work, hopefully, will be done in this area 1k "t[^  
Employing the compositional rule of inference, the assessment of the xx compatibility in =_E$* }  
achieving prescribed xx projectiles in any level of the hierarchy is made possible. |4BD  
This paper has presented a theoretical and experimental study of the xx process and xx %! Sjbh  
concept. "}0QxogYE  
The experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for G?~Yw'R^8  
improvements for xx work. pdN8 hJ  
The scope of this contribution was to introduce a xx method. V`/c#y||  
This has a tremendous impact on our understanding of n|.eL8lX.<  
Significant progress has been made in advancing RNAi therapeutics in a remarkably e GAto  
short period of time qMVuBv  
To date, little is known about… `\z )EoI  
Irrespective of the mechanisms and the molecules –which are still largely unknown – V@z/%=PJ  
involved in MSC functions, current data suggest that Mf5*Wjz.Mc  
To better understand 2sqH > fen  
26 dJQwb   
Future Research (常用于conclustion 的结尾) Iza#v0  
Thus, first extension of the approach could be, m(xyEU  
Further studies are needed to determine the importance of }# Ji"e  
Some improvements to the scheduling aspect of the model may be brought through UY *Z`$  
additional levels in the hierarchy for more detailed representation of the scheduling ~ r})&`5  
activity. `]6W*^'PD  
It also unveiled new aspects of the role played by thyroid hormone in response to injury 6~!7?F K  
and tissue repair. \,nhGh  
In the near future, the ongoing clinical trials with siRNAs for macular degeneration and DM)Re~*  
RSV may reveal the exciting potential of RNAi therapeutics as the next major class of Q 'e[(^8  
drug molecules. H%>cpwa[7  
In the next few years it should become clear whether (A_H[xP  
It should be an exciting time for researchers seeking to harness this powerful endogenous M@. 2b.  
pathway to treat human disease. F&+_z&n)  
Acknowledgement [--] ?Dr  
The authors are grateful to the insightful work provided by Mr. John W. Harney and all zU|'IW &  
of the fellows and students that contributed with some of the studies discussed in this }&Xf<6  
article h5E<wyd96.  
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete ?|<p ^:  
this thesis. 8Sf}z@~]  
I want to thank the Department of Transport of the former Interim Government of L_zB/(h  
Namibia for giving me permission to commence this thesis in the first instance, to do the RBeQT=B8~  
necessary research work and to use departmental data :N4?W}r.  
This work was supported by NIH grants AI058695 and AI056900. We thank members of ]MMXpj,9h  
the laboratory and our collaborators for many useful suggestions. <;Td8T;  
We thank J. Maraganore and B. Greene for critical reading of the manuscript, M. $4CsiZ6  
Duckman for graphics assistance and A. Capobianco for word processing assistance. c<)O#i@3/  
Author contributions w^ 8^0i-  
All authors were involved in experimental planning and data analysis and contributed to -A"0mS8L  
manuscript preparation. U4y ?z  
Tables and Figures 0o?2Sf`L\*  
Figure 7-1 sketches these relationships. Uv:NY1(3!  
The graphical representation of these functions is shown in Figure 1. kqS_2[=]  
The xx may be depicted as in Figure 1. Oimq P  
Figure x shows the schematic diagram of the l\=He  
Figure 1 though 2 provide a ... that }~NWOJ3;  
the architecture of this expert system for .... is illustrated in Figure 2. 9>L{K   
Figure 2 gives the outline of an ... system yuB\Z/  
Table shows the lJ4&kF=t  
27 rgrsNr:1  
Time-dependent changes of Z7?- c  
as shown in Table 1 and 2 >Q# !.lH$W  
This concept is illustrated in Figure 2 l:"zYcp%  
At the top of Table xx are shown two blocks of data. 7|7sA'1 cM  
Each table or matrix has constructs xx through xx as row;headings, /{\mV(F(  
xx through xx as column;headings. 'ul~f$ V  
Time course of calculated renin immunoreactive tissue volumes during development of k/#321Z  
the mouse kidney. Data are single values per time point. They were derived from the .:+&2#b  
kidneys shown in Figure 1. IWAp  
Yellow color indicates <<ifd?  
PCT3 cells were pretreated with 50 M PD98059 or 10 M U0126 for 30 min and then RVe UQ%  
cells were stimulated with 25 g ml-1 CsA for 6 h. ERK and PKB activation were -MH~1Tw6Z  
analyzed by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies. S"joXmJ/-C  
ERK and PKB activation were measured by western blot using phospho-specific &H@OLyC  
antibodies yBwCFn.uP-  
The data are the means of three different experiments taking the number of untreated cells ;AK@Kb  
(vehicle alone) as 100%. srfM"Lb'  
ERK and PKB activation were then analyzed by western blot with the corresponding #1` lJ  
phospho-specific antibodies. To ensure equal amount of protein in each lane, western  D^JuL6U  
blots against total protein were performed for ERK and PKB. ZA/:\6gm  
The means of optical density (OD) values of the bands detected in western blots of three JRl` evTS  
different experiments are plotted, taking the maximal value of phosphorylation of ERK LTc= D  
and PKB as 100%. X` FFI6pb  
CT3 cells were treated with 25 g ml-1 CsA or vehicle alone for 24 h and then fixed with F~_)auH  
paraformaldehyde and stained with Hoescht as indicated in Materials and Methods. Then V:8ph`1  
cells were visualized by phase-contrast microscopy (upper panel) and fluorescence %?[H=v(b  
microscopy (lower panel). Z39I*-6F9W  
The data are the means of three experiments performed on different days taking the %4rPkPAtrp  
number of cells at the onset of the experiment as 100%. `^7ARr/  
Rats were killed at 4 h and at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28 after disease induction DsP FB q  
(n=9 each). ,| EaW& 2  
*P<0.05 versus non-nephritic rats. <n:j@a\up0  
The expression of the CCN3 protein was detected by western blot analysis (n=4 each, PC, }TS4D={1  
positive control, M, molecular weight markers). 0 au\X$)Q  
Original magnifications: 200 in A, E, G, H; 600 in B, C, D, F. K6Gri>Um  
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. T m0m$l  
*P<0.05 versus 0.5 h. 7Ed6o  
PDGF-BB and -DD, but not PDGF-AA and -CC, induce a downregulation of CCN3 L3g}Z1<!$  
mRNA as determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to KvrcO#-sL  
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. 1Goju ey  
Cell number was counted in duplicate using a Malassez hemocytometer ;w_f^R #  
Data are means s.d. of four independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus cells treated with C4jq T  
MCDB media for 24 h, #P<0.05. =fZ )2q  
28 HjO-6F#s  
The curves are adjusted for history of coronary artery disease, CRP, and progression to _bO4s#yI  
ESRD. =A,6KY=E  
Both models are independent of age, gender, baseline GFR and proteinuria, and other .WR+)^&zz  
clinical characteristics and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors mGmkeD'  
Correlation between serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) and serum PTH ?4U|6|1  
(n=99, P<0.0001, r2=0.190) |lijnfp  
Concentration of serum FGF23 concentration before starting and at the end of the 4-h j'V# =vH  
hemodialysis procedure in 23 patients, expressed as log10 values (n=23, P<0.0001, ;@$B{/Q  
Student's paired t-test). il \q{Y o  
Immunohistochemistry for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole (PIM) and HIF-2 ; OI9V'W$  
arrow=endothelial cell and CD=collecting duct 'Zdjd]  
Magnification: 1000. I3A@0'Vm;L  
A table of .. is developed and significant recommendations are made. qe!\ oh  
CONJUGATION J0e~s  
To Indicate Addition 8jE6zS }m  
additionally, again, also, and then, as can be easily understood, besides, equally important, lkWID  
especially, finally, for the same reason, first, further, furthermore, in addition, last, 2sJj -3J  
likewise, moreover, next, second, third, too, evidently, obviously, roughly speaking, ]Hp o[IF  
broadly speaking D|u! KH  
To Indicate Cause and Effect s:j"8ZH  
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in short, otherwise, then, Ri@`sc{n  
therefore, thus, truly Gu-*@C:^&  
To indicate Comparison D2`tWRm0  
in a like manner, likewise, similarly , alternatively HCh;Xi  
To Indicate Concession !vU$^>zo~  
after all, although this may be true, at the same time, even though, even so , I admit, ^<8 c`k )e  
naturally, of course m]yt6b4  
To Indicate Contrast NzmVQ-4  
and yet, at the same time, but, for all that, however, yet, in fact, in contrast, in the real life, v(v Lk\K7  
in spite of, nevertheless, notwithstanding, normally, on the contrary, on the other hand, P< +5So0  
still, traditionally, rather, unfortunately, ;* vVucx  
To Indicate Time Relationships 5 } 9}4e  
after a short time, afterwards, as indicated earlier, as long as, as soon as, at last, at length, }E5oa\ 1u  
at the moment, at that time, at the same time, before, earlier, currently, immediately, in h*_h M1*;  
the meantime, in recent years, lately, later, meanwhile, often, of late, presently, recently, =_%i5]89P  
soon, shortly, since, thereupon, temporarily, therefore, until, when, while ]&za^%q0&  
29 +?[ ,y  
To Indicate Special Features or Examples LFsrqdzJ  
for example, for instance, incidentally, indeed, in fact, in other words, in particular, in VZ?"yUZ Id  
practice, specifically, that is, to illustrate, in this respect, theoretically, as mentioned N;XaK+_2F  
before / above B!|<<;Da6  
To Indicate Summary &TqY\l  
in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude tn-_3C  
, in general, to summarize, to sum up, as a result, ultimately, pA(B~9WQ  
VERB PHASE |s&jWM$  
build a .. model ?)$+W+vK  
have been described to lW^bn(_gQ  
To assess the functional role of bkQEfx.  
we detected j?&Rf,,%  
build up the key link 4\)"Ih  
Although a number of studies have identified predictors of 5T?esF<  
began a new era in ... R;9H`L/>  
can be regarded as / achieved / used to/for / found / obtained through H6ff b)&  
can result in *B 7+rd  
carries out ... tasks jd9GueV*(  
production information in order to simultaneously  8+no>%L  
contains all information necessary to describe t:tT Zh  
do not make use of production information VeixwGZ.  
deals with (?SK< 4!  
end with failure C:qb-10|A  
fetch the information from the model directly v\Zni4   
has great potential / yet to be resolved / spurred the development of / P+iZ5S\kL=  
been recognized as F+A"-k_\T#  
site component / cable of / currently implemented for / demonstrated by an example / W2L:  
finally reached / made equal to / equivalent to / more suitable to / oriented to / 7^|oO~x6  
interpreted as / pointed out / potentially of great benefit in the complex task of / shown )i&z!|/2  
in / used to effectively guide the search B4^+&B#  
makes use of ]3@6o*R;  
was significantly higher as compared to I@VhxJh  
To assess disease-specific alterations, we measured *vn^ W  
To specifically assess the relationship between "(y",!U@  
make up w9 I7pIIl  
To determine if %{\|/#>:  
This statistically significant difference still 5y7rY!]Bf  
They positively correlated with BZy&;P  
Present .Ap-<FB  
Our results are consistent with our recent data that suggest that BKDs3?&  
30 70,V>=aJ  
contribute to /0Q=}:d  
meets the needs of real life production,/ the current demands placed upon it C3kxw1*   
must be justified NvH9?Ek"  
point out  ,lX5-1H  
play an important role h8;B+#f`  
relates to F&US-ce:M  
rely on ~[|&)}q  
We performed pKDP1S# <  
satisfy the needs K8NoY6  
determine the total requirements for the ... }qy,/<R  
uses ... as a key to search for... 2XhtK  
without relying on }:u" ?v=|j  
will be available/ performed/ overlooked 1qWIku  
NOUN PHASE :.kc1_veYS  
a basic technical function of $0WO 4C%M  
a significant reduction of mG4myQ?$  
drug variability nR)/k,3W  
a critical need x`8rR;N!  
negatively correlated with L[\m{gN  
a key / principle feature of .kpL?_  
a substantial impact on YXE?b@W"  
an intensive review was conducted y,{=*2Yt  
The analysis of the correlations by qzk/P1{-  
an increasing need for expanding the application of .... OiI[w8  
an important component / function / aspect / issue hE>ux"_2/  
each rule is numbered in sequence +_Nr a  
each of these involves ~ jdvxoX-  
for this calculation, it is necessary to define 5\RTy}w3x  
in the physical environment / integration of :s8^nEK  
in the reality of situations where … 6"@+Jz  
many aspects of EBjSK/  
most past efforts have been spent on ... IS *-MLi  
common sense to a well studied and documented technical field. b~;gj^  
sources of additional information on ... are listed +<5q8{]Pk  
systematic and rationally structured format "`P/j+-rt  
the basis on which a range of ...operations can be established is shown @tQu3Rq@  
THE basic philosophy / principles of / key element / general hypothesis / candidate list NQQ+l0txI  
of / concept of ... has attracted wide interest / function is concerned with / heart / zTtn`j$  
impact / nature / role / task of / kernel functions p=F!)TnJN  
the number of parts needed to 7!%/vO0m  
the above statement means that \Fd6Q_  
the output data is passed to !cP2,l 'f  
31 rG7E[kii  
the proposed method / underlying principle 8<BYAHY^  
the recommendations made in this report, if implemented, should Cjh0 .{  
this information resides in N?cvQR{r9  
this process is composed of ... different ... operation K9{3,!1  
along with the use of gc~nT/lfK  
concerning general aspects of +Sz%2 Q  
due to L=`QF'Im  
for later use in generating..., Swugt"`nN  
in turn, :H9\nU1  
it can be claimed/concluded that MA}~bfB  
it demonstrates the decisions required of yV{&x  
it also provides information to .. ' i- 6JG%  
it becomes essential to jA<(#lm;  
let ... be the probability that @9,=|kxK  
once... is written, it is compiled into... }XmrfegF  
suppose it is observed that g.L~Z1-  
this is because ie<zc+*rW  
this results in a qp#Is{=m  
upon completion of the ... analysis, }~W:3A{7;  
when the knowledge is of mathematics or quantum physics, it will also be i rjOGn  
recorded in books and papers y]3`U UvXD  
selection of rules for using the tools, for generating operation plans, 2@TgeV0Y[  
is another matter of preference, since practice varies greatly. 5OHg% ^  
for the sake of convenience @wv gMu  
correct decision to be reach VtP^fM^{  
keeping the number of rules to a minimum. !sknO53`H`  
a good process plan will result exhibiting several characteristics: C8{bqmlm@  
practical solutions % w\   
because of rather small job lot sizes Zr(4Q9fDo  
Backward reasoning can be used to answer the question "should milling tool be select" :k; c|MW  
different level of knowledge in the realm of process planning
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