名校考博词汇

考博英语词汇（1）

第一部分            词汇记忆策略
1．全脑活化
人类左右脑分析比较：
左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑
右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、直觉
右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能：
1．超高速大量记忆机制
2．图像化机能
3．超高速演算机能
4．共振共鸣机能
2．举例说明：
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3．词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配
2 euthanasia, chrysanthemum
2 flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony,carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not,poinsettia, …
2 receive---deceive---conceive (-ceive= take;con- = 共同)
2 tumble---stumble （tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over/ on 脚下拌到东西而跌倒）
2 stationary---stationery （文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有"e",故见到"e"就想起是文具。）
2 genius --- genuine (含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”),
2 form---deform确（形状；变形）
2 attach to

第二部分            实例练习
1．联想法
carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier,hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour， abalone,flounder, cult, beau
2．串联法
network:
Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---logon…
3．构词法
-age （状态、特性、行为）
page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage,courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage
coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage,passage, postage, bondage （bond 结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage,
usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosage
language, image, heritage, engage
-ward
inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward,downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award,
a- (构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。。。)
apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, across
alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware
amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await,awake, award, abound, abridge, amount
affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array,arrest, arrow
4．近义词
    Merchants 煤商
      Blame for
      Income
      Thieves
       Dealers
  买进卖出商人
      Condemn for
      Wages
      Burglars
       Businessmen
  （广义）商人
      Accuse of
      Salary
      Robbers
       Tradesmen
  （英）店主
      Criticize for
      Pay
      Bandits




       Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出
      Announce
      Buyers
      Synthetic
       Scenery一国一地的自然风光
      Publish
      Shoppers
      False
       Views特别的景象
      Advertise
      Customers
      Imitation
       Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象
      Inform
      Clients
      Counterfeit



      Artificial
       Urgent 紧急
      Substitute
      Particular

       Hasty 草率
      Selection
      Peculiar
      Mortal
       Instant 立刻
      Preference
      Special
      Fatal
       Prompt 快速；及时
      Alternative
      Unusual
      Deadly




       Contend 竞争；斗争
      Fraud
      Preliminary
      Imaginative
       Compete比赛；竞争
      Deceive
      Primary
      Imaginable
       Struggle斗争
      Cheat
      Elementary
      Imagined
       Conflict 斗争
      Dupe
      Fundamental
      Imaginary




       Hinder
      Decline
      Perplex
      Reproach
       Preclude
      Deny
      Puzzle
      Scold
       Detain
      Reject
      Confuse
      Compliment
       Retard
      Refuse

      Reprimand
       Hamper







       Protract
      Reliable
      Fatigued
      Empty
       Postpone
      Confident
      Tired
      Blank
       Cancel
      Faithful
      Exhausted
      Vacant
       Delay
      Dependent
      Bored
      Bare
       Adjourn





5．近形词

fiction
fraction
friction
function

tumble
stumble
scramble
humble
tremble
resume
consume
assume
presume

resumption
consumption
assumption
presumption
bore
core
pore
sore

simplify
modify
verify
rectify

justify
testify
rectify
verify

transcription
subscription
prescription
description

attribute
contribute
distribute
tribute

attitude
altitude
aptitude

descriptive
prescriptive

interference
interruption
intervention
interaction

transaction
transmission
transformation
transition

contact
intact

possibility
validity
reliability
security

conceivable
perceivable

arise
rise
raise
arouse

respectful
respectable
respected
respective

detain
attain
retain
certain
contain

room
doom
boom
loom

intense
intentional
intensive
intending
intended

assure
ensure
insure
reassure

sometimes
some time
sometime
some times

hatch
catch
patch
match

bare
rare
care
dare
fare
hare

banish
vanish
diminish
admonish

durability
flexibility
versatility
hostility

cooperate
coordinate
correlate
correspond

observe
reserve
conserve
preserve
deserve

prior
superior
inferior
senior
junior

sparrow
swallow
hollow
sorrow
narrow
pillow

bold
cold
fold
gold
hold
mold
sold
told

migrant
immigrant
immigrate
immigration
emigrant
emigrate
emigration

edge
hedge
wedge
pledge

deduce
reduce
produce
induce
seduce

preclude
exclude
include

form
deform
inform
transform
conform

contempt
attempt
prompt

except
accept
concept
percept

receive
deceive
conceive
perceive

achieve
believe
grieve
relieve

自测题：
1. 不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：
1．____________________ 2. __________________ 3. _________________
4. _____________________ 5. __________________ 6. _________________
7. _____________________ 8. __________________ 9. _________________
10. ____________________ 11. _________________ 12. ________________
2. 列出以下单词的近义词：
1. income
2. mortal
3. urgent
4. synthetic
5. deceive
6. retard
7. empty
8. confuse
9. buyer
10. contend
3. 列出以下单词的近形词：
1. tumble
2. description
3. justify
4. attain
5. attribute
6. prior

汉英对照
近义词
Merchants        煤商
Dealers                      买进卖出商人
Businessmen      （广义）商人
Tradesmen        （英）店主

Scene           特别的景象，如泰山的日出
Scenery        一国一地的自然风光
Views           特别的景象
Nature         强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent         紧急
Hasty           草率
Instant         立刻
Prompt               快速；及时

Contend      搏斗；争夺 (compete againstsb. in order to gain sth.)
Compete       比赛；竞争 (try to be moresuccessful than another person or organization in business)
compete with sb.for sth. / compete for office（争夺公职） / against
Struggle        斗争 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle againstdifficulties/ struggle for freedom
Conflict              斗争（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion            （分歧）; The twoaccounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to develop
       High invest rates willhinder economic growth.
Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible
       Age alone will not precludehim from standing as a candidate.
Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）
              Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking themto do sth.（耽搁；留住）
       He was detained by a flattire on his way home.
       The police detained the manto make further inquiries.
Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth.happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟）
       Cold weather retards thegrowth of many plants.
       Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）
Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causingdifficulties for them.
       Women's progress in theworkplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.
       Hamper sb. from gettingelected.

Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usual
       Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判
       Protract one's stay forsome weeks 多呆了几个星期
Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date
       Gail and Lisa have decidedto postpone having a family for a while.
       The match had to bepostponed.
Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.
       The football game had beencancelled due to rain.
Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.
       Don't delay claiming or youmay lose benefit.
Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time
       The chairman has the powerto adjourn the meeting at any time.

Blame for                   把……归于
Condemn for                     谴责
Accuse sb. of sth.              指责
Criticize for               批判

Announce                   宣布；通知
Publish                      发表；出版
Advertise                   为……做广告
Inform                       告知 (inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. elsethat you used previously. 替代品；替补
       Substitute teacher 代课教师
Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing fromamong a group of similar people or things.
Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more thananother thing.
Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else


Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using cleverand complicated methods.
Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get whatyou want.
Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get anadvantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams.
Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄骗；诈骗
       Consumers are being dupedinto buying faulty electronic goods.

Decline: refuse to do sth. （比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）
Deny: She denied working for theenemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to workfor the enemy.)
Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划
Refuse: 拒绝邀请
Turn down 拒绝（口语）

Reliable        可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）
Confident     有信心的
Faithful        忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter
Dependent  从属的；依靠的

Income        总收入
Wages           按周或日付酬
Salary           月薪；年薪
Pay               工资

Buyers          买主
Shoppers      家庭中外出购物的人
Customers    顾客
Clients          委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately
Peculiar: strange,unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant orworrying.
Taste peculiar
Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better ormore important.
a special diet
unusual: different from what is usual
special ---specially or especially
       specially: used when you dosth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (witha passive form of a verb: a specially made)
       especially: to emphasizesth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( …,especially when…)

Preliminary   初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）
Primary        最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备
Elementary   初步的；简单的
Fundamental 基础的

Perplex （常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解
       Make you feel worried andconfused because it is difficult to understand.
       e.g. I was somewhatperplexed by his response.
Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they donot understand sth.
       e.g. What puzzles me is howthe burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.
Confuse （常用被动）
       Make sb. feel that theycannot think clearly or do not understand.
       e.g. Don't give me so muchinformation.--- you are confusing me.
              I was confused.

Fatigued: very tired.
       e.g. fatigued after herlong journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.
Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.
Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.
Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. isinteresting, or because you have nothing to do.
       e.g. Children easily getbored.

Thieves 小偷；窃贼
Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼
Robbers 强盗；贼
Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）

Synthetic      合成的
False             假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）
Imitation      仿造的(Beware ofimitation 谨防假冒)
Counterfeit   比Imitation 更贬义
Artificial       人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death
       e.g. mortal injures / blow/ combat
Fatal: resulting in sb's death
       e.g. fatal accident /illness / injures
Deadly : like dead in appearance
       e.g. His face has a deadlypaleness
              likely to cause death
       e.g. deadly person
lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death
       e.g. a lethal dose of adrug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good atthingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind
       e.g. imaginative writer;imaginative child
Imaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. thatit is possible to imagine
All, every, only
Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth. couldbe like.
Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in yourmind.
       e.g. all the characters inthis book are imaginary.

Reproach: ~sb. for /with sth.
              ~ for doing sth.
       blame or criticize someonein a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry
       e.g. Jake reproached herbitterly for abandoning him.
Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that havedone.
Compliment: ~ sb. on sth.
       Say sth. nice to sb. inorder to praise him
Reprimand: ~ sb. for sth.
tell sb. officially thatsth. they have done is very wrong.
Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done wrong. [ ~ sb.for V-ing]
Chide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve ofsth. they have done.

Compliment
Complement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make themseem more attractive.

Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being used
       e.g. an empty table in thecorner
[ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their childrenhave left home]
Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding;
       e.g. go blank: suddenlyunable to remember sth.
                            for TV; stop showing any images
Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb. to use
Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb. to start with
Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; notcovered by clothes, by trees or grass
Deceived             欺骗
Deserted              遗弃
Desperated         绝望
Disappointed       失望

近形词
fiction     小说
fraction   一部分
friction    摩擦
function 功能；职责

tumble     跌倒
stumble   拌倒
scramble 攀登；争夺
humble    谦虚；羞辱
tremble    颤抖；担心

resume     中断后重新开始
consume 消耗
assume    假定；假设；采用 (think that sth. is truealthough you have no proof of it. E.g. ~ responsibilities / power: start to doa job esp. an important one)
presume   推测；冒昧 (think you can be sure ofsth. because it is likely, although there is no proof. E.g. ~ sb. / sth. to besth. / be ~ed to do sth. / ~ to do sth.

resumption            恢复
consumption        消费
assumption            假定；臆断；傲慢(the assumptionof responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air ofassumption made him disliked.)
presumption          傲慢；推测；假定 (disrespectfulor impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore               V.钻孔 n. 孔
core               v. 使厌烦    n. 令人讨厌的事
pore               v. 注视        n. 毛孔    a. 多孔的
sore               a. 疼痛的           n. 痛处；溃疡

simplify   简化
modify    更改             对某物作稍微修改使其完善
verify      证实
rectify     纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况

justify      证明……是有道理的
testify      证明
rectify     纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况
verify      证实

transcription:        抄写；翻译；副本
subscription：  捐赠；订阅；认购；
prescription           药方；指令
description：        描述；描绘

attribute               把……归因于（to ）
contribute              捐赠；投稿
       contribute… to    有助于
distribute               分发；分配
tribute                   贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词

attitude          态度
altitude           高度
aptitude          天资；倾向
latitude           纬度
multitude              人群（a multitude of …许多）

descriptive            说明的
prescriptive           规范的；约定俗成的

interference           干预（强调妨碍）
interruption           打断
intervention           介于；在中间起作用
interaction             相互作用

transaction            办理；交易；学报；相反作用
transmission          传送；传播；发送
transformation      转换；改革
transition               变迁；过渡时期

contact           接触；交往；有影响的熟人（tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕）
intact                     完整无缺的

possibility       可能性
validity           有效性；正确性
reliability        可靠性
security          保障；安全感

conceivable    可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined.E.g. every conceivable means
perceivable     可感知的；可认识的

arise: begin to happen (problem, difficulty)
e.g. arise from= caused by
rise: increase, go upwards,rise, become successful
raise: e.g. raise aquestion; waise your voice
arouse: make you become interesting,expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb.

When things and prices moveupwards on their own, they rise.
People or government raise /increase the price. E.g. The government is raising the tax.

Respectful             尊重别人的；有礼貌的
Respectable           值得人们尊重的；正派的
Respected             受到人们尊重的
Respective            各自的；各个的

detain: (officially) preventsb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）
       Delay sb. who wants toleave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）
Attain: succeed in reachinga particular level or in getting sth. after trying for a long time.
Retain: keep sb. or continueto have sth. e.g. retain a sense of dignity
Certain: 一定
Contain: 容纳

Room            房间
Doom             厄运；毁灭；定罪
Boom             高潮，迅速发展
Loom             织布机

Intense           强烈的
Intentional     有意的；故意的
Intensive        精细的；强化的
Intending              打算；意欲
intended

assure      : tell sb. that sth. with definitelyhappen.
e.g. ~sb. that …
       be ~ed of: feel certainthat sth. will happen
ensure: make sure that itdoes happen
(AmE. Insure)
e.g. Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leavingthe building.
Assure can be used in thismeaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety. E.g. The band's latestrelease has assured their success in the rock world.
insure: against sth. badhappening to it by paying money to an insurance company.
reassure: tell sb. thatthere is nothing to worry about.
e.g. The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.

sometimes      有时
some time       一些时间
sometime        曾经；有朝一日
some times     几次

hatch              孵化
catch              捉
patch              缝补
match             匹配

bare        赤裸裸的；没有陈设的（揭露）
rare          稀薄的；稀少的；煎的
care        小心；关心
dare        敢于
fare          车船费；乘客；伙食
hare        野兔

banish      禁止出入；驱逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）
vanish      突然不见；逐渐消失
diminish 减少；贬低
admonish 警告；告诫；忠告

durability              耐用性
flexibility              变通性；灵活性
versatility              多才多艺；多功能
hostility          敌意；敌视

co- col- com- con- cor- with (共同)
cooperate              合作
coordinate      协调
correlate        相关
correspond     相符合
collaborate     协作（与cooperate 同，但多用于科学和艺术）

observe    观察
reserve     保留座位
conserve 保护；节省
preserve   保留
deserve    值得

prior        首先的
superior   优先的
inferior    次要的
senior      高级的
junior       初级的
exterior    外部的
interior    内部的

sparrow   麻雀
swallow   燕子
hollow     空的
sorrow     悲伤
narrow     窄的
pillow      枕头
arrow       箭

bold 勇敢的
cold 冷的
fold 折叠；褶
gold 金
hold 握
mold 模式
sold 卖出
told 告诉

migrant                  移居者
immigrant              入境移民
immigrate              作为移民定居
immigration           移居；（总称）外来移民
emigrant               出境移民
emigrate               移居外国
emigration             迁移出境；（总称）移民

edge               边沿
hedge             矮树篱笆；障碍物
wedge           锲子；锲形物；事情的起因
pledge            誓言；典押；保人

deduce           推断；演绎
reduce            减少
produce          生产
induce            引诱；引起；导致；归纳
seduce            唆使；引入歧途

preclude        排除；杜绝；阻止
exclude          除外
include           包括

form               形式
deform           变形
inform            通知
transform              转变
conform        一致

contempt        轻视
attempt           企图
prompt           促使；推动；激起
                     敏捷的

except            除……
accept             接受
concept          概念
percept           感知；认知

receive            收到
deceive           欺骗
conceive        含有
perceive          知觉；意识到；把……看作……
(perceive … as … / take … as… / regard … as … / see … as …)
achieve           获得
believe            相信
grieve             悲痛
relieve            放松

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