考博英语语法重点总结 bkgJz+u
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 dq{wFI)
独立主格特征 i@C$O.m(
1. 充当句子的状语。 =NHzh!
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 :z!
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3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 G}&{]w@
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) %EooGHGF?
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 9w=GB?/
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. u(s/4Lu
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). _IOt(Zb(
真题剖析 a3<.F&c+c
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. vNhi5EU
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because -H3tBEvoI
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. +hIStA
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 'xUyGj:
虚拟语气 hZ0CnY8 '
虚拟语气(2) na&?Cw
1. (should)+动词原形 $EB&]t+
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 +%'S>g0W=
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Y?(kE` R
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 1N_Gk&
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 k|$08EK $
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Vs-])Q?7J
would rather +动词过去式 =""z!%j
真题剖析 )")_aA
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 2FxrMCC
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t JM-spi o
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. R&cOhUj22J
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded bqHR~4 #IR
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. (c X;a/BR
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take v`"z
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. W0X/&v,k*
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 8\?7k
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should 4!pMZ<$3
非谓语动词 Q= DP# 9&
动名词、分词、不定式。 @)A) cBv#
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Wj"\nT4
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) d{cd+An
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 3BuG_ild
真题剖析 Y40`~
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 6>rgoT)6~
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops |H`}w2U[j
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. DQ'=$z
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative _g|zDi^
主谓一致 _i_^s0J
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 3*< O-Jr
How you got there doesn’t concern me. c418TjO;
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. >K
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 {E6M_qZ
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. < Y5pAStg
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 3uSj5+@q6
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 T r|B:)X
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). zX{O"w
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 k9>2d' Q
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. KIY/nu
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) |m x)W}
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) [1+ o
He no less than John is interested in literature. (x;Uy
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ,t"?~Hl".
Either my father or my brothers are coming. yQAW\0`
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ZDMv8BP7
真题剖析
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 6Z09)}tZb
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some xEW>7}+\
倒装 vpt*?eR
全部倒装 x;Qs_"t];3
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” D<V[:~
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There stand big buildings in this district. DC9\Sp?
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. _/FpmnaY
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) OoW,mmthj>
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. OTgctw1s
4. 表语位于句首 HP
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. LS"_-4I}
Not far from here is a famous university. O4)'78ATp
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 A_8UPGh8
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. h>w(Th\H
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. x9DG87P~+
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) UF_?T.Rl^
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. U z
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部分倒装 aXv
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1. 疑问句 M%yeI{m
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) +#;t.&\80N
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. be<7Vy]j
3. “only+状语”位于句首 [:hTwBRF
Only when he comes back can be leave. @IXvp3r
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 sYfiC`9SO
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. a^#\"c
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) eN
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By no means should you break the rules. u5'jIqlU
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 8|cQW-L
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) M~?2g.o'D
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” Eo)
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. _c z$w5`
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. p2=+cS"HC
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