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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 ?N<My& E  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 /]TNEU,K  
  1 、医生 rY_~(?XS  
  ① doctor, medical worker 2H |:/y  
  ② physician 内科医生 p,fV .5q  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 :DN!1~ZtW  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 r.H`3 m.0q  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 sxREk99lL  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 2!/Kt O)i^  
lhN@ ,q  
  2 、医院 K|7"YNohfG  
  ① hospital ~$HB}/  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 m@2E ~m  
  The general hospital 普通医院 )5Khl"6!z  
  The community hospital 社区医院 03 @a G  
  The public hospital 公立医院 ~`OX}h/Z  
  The private hospital 私立医院 JtL> mH  
  ② clinc 门诊 +vh|m5"7I7  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 v/`D0g-uX)  
  ③ ward 病房 x%B_v^^^  
④ medical team 医疗队 7 *5B  
Ww]$zd-bo  
3、 医疗手段 xE1?)  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 >f]/VaMH{  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 .a*?Pal@@  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 %~LY'cfPse  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis Mg2+H+C~:  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 w$}q`k'  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | ]EiM~n  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 D#g -mqar:  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 5 D|#l*V  
(9)              TCM 中医 Ebnb-Lze,  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 8Y`Lq$u  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 I5Vn#_q+b  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ='7m$,{(Q[  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 HsCL%$k  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 _jQ:9,; A  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; 5nG\J g7  
|L<JO Q  
  4 、医疗体制 B>2=IZ  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 m06'T2I  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 4) 8k?iC*  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 S:xXD^n#H  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 )PYPlSQ*V  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 S^QEctXU  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 PR{ubM n  
oC&}lp)q  
  5 、医德 VfnL-bDGV  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 BtJkvg(2]  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 dwA"QVp{  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 RD`|Z~:q:K  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 IFLphm5  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 )]>t(  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 7 [Us.V@  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 8eT#- 9q@  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people @nH3nn  
(B#FLoK  
  6 、病人 a~2Jf @I3  
  (1 )patient z%}"=  
  (2 )the sick l$u52e!7  
  (3 )the invalid cS.@02~f"  
  (4) sufferer ?V`-z#y7  
   ^gVQ6=z%  
(二)疾病 /JNG}*  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 bdrE2m  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) A1zRzg4I  
  (2) contract (v ) k}LIMkEa4a  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 fw %p_Cm  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 %DuPM6 6r  
N[@ ~q~v  
  2 、必知疾病名称 d.}65{F,x  
  heart disease 心脏病 0\i\G|5  
  hypertension 高血压 uGAQt9$>_  
  kidney problem 肾病 F- kjv\  
  stroke 中风 xxGm T.&  
    shock 休克 wPU5L*/*i  
  the blood pressure 血压 z ,;XWv?  
  diabetes 糖尿病 33%hZ`/>  
  obesity 肥胖 9@1n:X  
  terminal illness 绝症 L#`X ]E  
  incurable illness 不治之症 $2FU<w$5  
  cancer 癌症 k3&68 +  
  tumor 肿瘤 c Lyf[z)W  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 D <~UaHfk  
  emergency case 急症 ~{DJ,(N"n  
  serious illness 重症 tnpEf i-  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 xkf2;  
  short breath 短气 \= ({T_j4  
  syndrome 综合症 aVr(*s;/  
  complications 并发症 (tO4UI5!  
  process 病程 ;(mNjxA  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 dLqBu~*  
short-sighted (adj)近视 AclK9+V  
z81dm  
  3、传染病 1.%|Er 4  
  (1) 感染源 h5P ]`r  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 !,$K;L  
  (2 )传染疾病 .{eMN[ n@  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 = y^5PjN  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 wMgF*  
  infection contagion 传染病 }r1 8Y6  
  infectious diseases 传染病 xi"ff .  
  AIDS 艾滋病 {zd[8TJ~xa  
  SARS P,zQl;  
  (3) 传染 4'3;{k$z  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 `]]5!U2  
  block the channel (v) l4mRNYv)z  
  disseminate 传播 ZweAY.]e  
cross infection 交叉感染 [$K8y&\L  
erv94acq  
  5 、疾病、病痛 ,^n&Q'p3  
  illness Rkg)yme!N  
  sickness h+Lpj^<2a  
  disease ?=)lbSu K  
  ailment vx7=I\1  
suffering P3!@}!r8  
0N)DHD?U  
  6 、疾病的转归 yX*$PNL5w  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 6.tA$#6HP  
  recover recovery % u VTf  
  recuperate u,:hT] ~+  
  resume m<#^c?u  
  recruit X'\h^\yOo  
  reinstate >Mh\jt\  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 RX{} UmU<  
  deteriorate J9;fqQCt  
  aggravate K2Ro0  
  exasperate <7)sS<I  
  make worse n(V{ [  
  worsen V=fh;p  
   zICCSF&H  
    7、其他相关词汇 ]zAwKuIK  
  outbreak and spending }8YY8|]LI  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 tBJ 4lb  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ckV\f({  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 Hn(Eut7%  
  taboo 禁忌 dg~lz80  
  speed up blood circulation (v) I0H]s/*C%9  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) D/"velV  
  side effects 副反应 f|_\GVW  
complain of 主述 3O-vO=D  
zx$1.IM"4  
   =Yl ea,S  
(三)药物 g5pFr=NV  
  1 、药物名称 ~Gh7i>n*  
  medicine Eq tL&UHe  
  drug 'ZI8nMY  
  remedy G9Kck|50  
  medicinal herbs m44a HBwId  
  power )=iv3nF?6N  
  tablet <FU?^*~  
pill K^@9\cl^  
VJTO:}Q  
  2 、药物用法 45wtl/^9  
  开药 : Nc4;2~XwRp  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases vK+reXE  
  write out a proscription .QKyB>s  
  服药 T^`; wD  
  take a medicine V7nOT*N:Q  
  治…的疾病 NZ i3U  
a remedy for some diseases ;>5`Y8s6  
M.s'~S7y  
3 、其他相关词汇 w$9LcN  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 kD;pj3o&"2  
  side effects 副反应  P33xt~  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 [yk-<}#B  
  drugstore 药房 B1!xr-kC  
  over the counter 非处方药 MomHSvQ\  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 D@68_sn  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 K6-M.I  
  prescription 处方 =(7nl#o  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ;XawEG7" U  
  charges for medicine qT(6TP  
drug rebate 药品回扣 /qIl)+M  
9>9EZ?4m  
   P* `*^r3  
(四)心理疾病 yTd8)zWq  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 }}tbOD)t  
  subhealth 亚健康 1F`jptVQ\G  
  psychological benefits 心理健康  ;mk[!  
  psychological problem 心理问题 `2@.%s1o=  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 (XVBH 1p"  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 OQKeU0v  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 PZusYeV8b  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 s b;q)Rh  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 ,.W7Z~z  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 I!S Eb  
psychological expert 心理专家 rYr*D[m]  
qt~=47<d  
  2 、情绪词汇 =otO@22Np  
  overcome 3@gsKtA&H4  
  disappoint "GK9Y  
  disappointed Y/FPkH4  
  shy , :h{uZ,#Gi  
  flush zOs}v{8"  
  frustration m|aK_  
  failure FzJ7 OE |  
  willpower BHUI1y5t  
  optimism <:}nd:l1  
  optimistic h= sNj  
  be sensitive to /D&&7;jJ  
  nervous pUXoSnIq:  
  tensional L"m^LyU  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic __g k:a>oQ  
  confident confidence by/H:5}7  
  stress pressure RRIh;HhX  
  depress depressed eThaH0  
  depression depressive P]43FPb  
   &J>e; X  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 I,{YxY[$7  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary o.{W_k/n  
   B.q/}\ ?(  
(五)肥胖与营养 E~%n-A  
  1 、营养物质 f+h\RE=BGt  
  nutrient 营养素 I=y7$+7%  
  protein 蛋白质 Jb QK$[z"  
  fat 脂肪 r)*23&Ojs  
  glucose 葡萄糖 uuC [ "Z  
  vitamin 维生素 [.gk{> #  
  sugar 糖类 y[8;mCh  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 J}#gTG( '  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Eomfa:WL  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 qjB:6Jq4q  
cholesterol胆固醇 tbFAVGcAM  
mmTpF]t ?`  
  2 、营养与饮食 0k]ApW  
  a well-balanced diet @/ z\p7e  
  nutrition 营养 S,m (  
  nutritional 营养的 XO+BZB`F  
vO}r(kNJ  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 *uc/ | c  
d:%b  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Qs&;MW4q  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase Q{[@n  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; ?qgQ)#6  
4.       食品安全 food safety %K6veB{M  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies &jE\D^>ko  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to vqm|D&HU  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU Q:-T' xk@  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system #l=yD]t PU  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 1d5%(:@  
10.   服务体系service system A J"`VA_[  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene (GJtTp~2C4  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. j4~(6Imm  
13.   清淡的lite .j ]tzX  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ` Fd \dn  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN +_5*4>MC  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 A@A8xn%  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; ;_<~9;  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease / Hr|u  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; I dK*IA4  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion f:>y'#P  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" %3z[;&*3O  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 2j s/>L0  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D ynI e4b  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate ]LvP)0=  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness yGa0/o18!?  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s cMT7Bd  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse wm5&5F4:  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to  u r$  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 7-744wV}Z  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 5CI {&E  
31.   血压 hypertension q5f QTV  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon `OW'AS |  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 "Bd-h|J  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [  /YJo"\7  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ;Q{D]4  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health MCE@EFD`\  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds RY;V@\pRY+  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations :8yebOs   
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle 9\8ektq}Z  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 x^lc T  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people -d ,D!  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent m` 1dB%;?  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from B^2r4 9vC  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to /pF8S!,z  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to utck{]P  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to By1T um+I1  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive bF _]j/  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak <X*oW".  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ?`+VWa[,e  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations LATizu  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon d(^8#4  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate -mO#HZIq  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy ^\PRz Y  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances NfDS6i.Fqp  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance Noj*K6  
56.   退休养老金retirement n P5my]4|x  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 4q .;\n  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity q 4Pv\YO  
59.   月经期menstrual period S .u mqyU~  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace k<*v6 sNs;  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care t,YRM$P  
62.   安乐死euthanasia |47t+[b   
63.   得绝症的terminally ill "E+;O,N-  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! )2c]Z|  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient $7YZ;=~B  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. '/`O*KD]  
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