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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 \i@R5v=zL  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 "PO8Q  
  1 、医生 "5O>egt  
  ① doctor, medical worker UnYb}rF#%  
  ② physician 内科医生 @:#J^CsM+'  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 ZH8w^}  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 A 'b$X1h  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ?Tu=-ppw  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 ~{5v a  
VBF:MAA  
  2 、医院 ?A_+G 5  
  ① hospital DI2e%`$  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 W6i9mER-  
  The general hospital 普通医院 rKI<!  
  The community hospital 社区医院 2nCc(F&+?  
  The public hospital 公立医院 x=Oy 6"  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ztX$kX:_m  
  ② clinc 门诊 hfyU}`]  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 q*` m%3{  
  ③ ward 病房 K%mR=u#%&  
④ medical team 医疗队 3W_7xLA  
6o\uv  
3、 医疗手段 |3!)  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 >dm9 YfQ  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 hhZ%{lqL  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 FdzdoMY  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis j3/6hE>  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 *.k*JsU~B  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | g)r{LxT#+  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 !bYVLFp=\_  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ./Ek+p*96H  
(9)              TCM 中医 y2s(]# 8  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 w)@Wug  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ~S;-sxoO0l  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 g H'hA'  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 ,@?9H ~\  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 'b}RFzEn  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; v^t7)nx^  
5  > 0\=  
  4 、医疗体制 @_-, Q5  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 C5I7\ 9F)  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 C12V_)~2  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 _",(!(  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 w->Y92q]  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 Y!_c/!Tx  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 s_fe4K  
0{bl^#$f  
  5 、医德 W7 Iy_>  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 8uLS7\,$z  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 2xO[ ?fR  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 zs I?X>4  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 l~]] RgU  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 a4~ B  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 _1G/qHf^S  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 @- |G_BZ  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people [[AO6.Z  
l_:P |  
  6 、病人 ij-'M{f  
  (1 )patient H2: Zda#  
  (2 )the sick ,v8e7T  
  (3 )the invalid -A w]b} #v  
  (4) sufferer +)q ,4+K%}  
   {*GBUv5  
(二)疾病 vMou`[\WlJ  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 6&SNFOX{@  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) qX-5/;n  
  (2) contract (v ) :+jg311}  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 0/f|ZH ~!  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 (b#M4ho*f  
yVK ; "  
  2 、必知疾病名称 T=42]h  
  heart disease 心脏病 wQy~5+LE  
  hypertension 高血压 dR\yRC]I  
  kidney problem 肾病 qF bj~ec  
  stroke 中风 v%*don  
    shock 休克 \X*y~)+K`  
  the blood pressure 血压 r7R'beiH  
  diabetes 糖尿病 i&6U5Va,G  
  obesity 肥胖 9;7"S.7AV  
  terminal illness 绝症 O8\f]!O(  
  incurable illness 不治之症 d"-I^|[OM  
  cancer 癌症 Y3[KS;_fr9  
  tumor 肿瘤 -d4 v:Jab  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 6?M/7 1  
  emergency case 急症 RDDA^U7y#  
  serious illness 重症 cb)7$S  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 |-S!)iG1V  
  short breath 短气 v^o`+~i  
  syndrome 综合症 z-gMk@l  
  complications 并发症 |33t5}we  
  process 病程 /"La@M37  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 T:{&e WH  
short-sighted (adj)近视 FvVC 2Z  
(kY  0<  
  3、传染病 T$u'+* Xx  
  (1) 感染源 'q:7PkN!p  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 /YZMP'v  
  (2 )传染疾病 $[`rY D/.  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 <v -YMk@  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 e6_8f*o|s  
  infection contagion 传染病 cd1-2-4U  
  infectious diseases 传染病 MQw}R7  
  AIDS 艾滋病 64U|]g d$  
  SARS ?+ d{Rh) y  
  (3) 传染 /hqn>t  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Go c*ugR  
  block the channel (v) a"YVr'|  
  disseminate 传播 @:CM<+  
cross infection 交叉感染 ~x9J&*zxM  
X(x,6cC  
  5 、疾病、病痛 *V:U\G  
  illness NX %1L! #  
  sickness 6p)&}m9!  
  disease fgL"\d}  
  ailment Dx /w&v  
suffering {9Qc\Ij  
,8Q0AkG  
  6 、疾病的转归 p2l@6\m\  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 zP0<4E$M`  
  recover recovery XQ[\K6X5  
  recuperate * jc >?)k  
  resume Lct_6?  
  recruit  gh[q*%#  
  reinstate  Xp<O  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 mIG>`7`7N  
  deteriorate |7,$.MK- @  
  aggravate H74'I}  
  exasperate cu5}(  
  make worse <astIu Au  
  worsen j8 e=],sQ  
   "'``O~08/  
    7、其他相关词汇 bt1bTo  
  outbreak and spending z"7?I$N Q  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 R6 ej  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 rr`_\ut  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 +foz E?  
  taboo 禁忌 +K'YVB U}  
  speed up blood circulation (v) K($+ILZ  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) R$}Hv  
  side effects 副反应 KMb'm+  
complain of 主述 7mi=Xa:U  
W=S^t_F  
   S]fkA6v  
(三)药物 Y=sv   
  1 、药物名称 UjunIKX+  
  medicine ueW/i  
  drug !7]^QdBLY  
  remedy |iSwG=&  
  medicinal herbs v%`k*n':  
  power K-*ZS8  
  tablet `3K."/N6c  
pill p|0SA=?k"  
*hFJI9G  
  2 、药物用法 HWou&<EK  
  开药 : BB1_EdoG  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases C)qG<PW.!  
  write out a proscription qixnaiZ  
  服药 [UdJ(cGf  
  take a medicine g:c?%J  
  治…的疾病 l'!_km0{d  
a remedy for some diseases XI ><;#  
)!zg=}V  
3 、其他相关词汇 p*zTuB~e<  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 j~Ci*'*L  
  side effects 副反应 /^~)iTwH  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 V+})$m*>  
  drugstore 药房 WT 5 2  
  over the counter 非处方药 >"zN`  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 A i#~Eu*  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 M6Ik'r"M  
  prescription 处方 L`w_Q2{sv  
  expenses for medicine 药费 (w<llb`]  
  charges for medicine \<} e?Yx%  
drug rebate 药品回扣 -Y"2c,~pH  
77]Fp(uI  
   |mw3v>  
(四)心理疾病 A(C0/|#V  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 )5diX + k  
  subhealth 亚健康 /dR:\ffz2  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 gHH[QLD=I  
  psychological problem 心理问题 )\izL]=!t  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 '_n$xfH  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 [GW;RjPE  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 M"OCwBT U  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 $C{-gx+:  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 9$R}GK  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ^{O1+7d[.  
psychological expert 心理专家 )c0Dofhg  
{%Q+Pzl.  
  2 、情绪词汇 Jj+Hj [(@  
  overcome ,V+,3TT  
  disappoint {k<mN Y  
  disappointed bqZ5GKUo  
  shy , D'_ w *  
  flush w"h3e  
  frustration kK]L(ZU +  
  failure F*,RDM'M  
  willpower ]RI+:f  
  optimism Up1e4mNL  
  optimistic x?G"58  
  be sensitive to :T/I%|;f  
  nervous 6L&_(/{Uw  
  tensional ? wZ`U Oi  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic {60U6n  
  confident confidence AbOF/ g)C  
  stress pressure 9.l*#A^  
  depress depressed +)e+$ l  
  depression depressive {bO O?pp  
   39Tlt~Psz  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ^qNr<Ye  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary I73=PfS:m  
   )SWLX\b  
(五)肥胖与营养 iiTt{ab\Y  
  1 、营养物质 Q;eY]l8  
  nutrient 营养素 2$yNryd  
  protein 蛋白质 1C<@QrT  
  fat 脂肪 ECvTmU'=  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ')KuLVE}S  
  vitamin 维生素 #-bz$w#*  
  sugar 糖类 h=MEQ-3jg  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 $VUX?ii$7=  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 +Z=DvKsT J  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 .% +y_.l  
cholesterol胆固醇 o%[swoM@  
irKM?#h  
  2 、营养与饮食 BKd?%V8:Q  
  a well-balanced diet 6l& ,!fd  
  nutrition 营养 F4 =V* /7  
  nutritional 营养的 0K^? QM|S  
b VcA#7 uA  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 &/-}`hIAT  
#,Cz+ k*4  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall &ZI-#(P  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase O*ER3  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; B PG&R  
4.       食品安全 food safety p|Nh:4iN  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies  a S ,  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to V$3`y=8  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ;={3H_{3  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system ,#K{+1z:  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care :?SD#Vvrh.  
10.   服务体系service system A Y |9  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene *g[MGyF "  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. =TJ9Gr/R&:  
13.   清淡的lite e@7UL|12  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet L"}tJM.d  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 5Kw?#  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ry0YS\W  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; y'(a:.%I  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease rG3?Z^&R+  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; aATNeAR  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion u9N /9  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" @;}vK=6L  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission st)qw]Dn;Y  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D WaSZw0U}y  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate J;'H],w}f  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness \&[(PNl  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s KkCsQ~po  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse DhXV =Qw  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to /[E2+g  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – Y=t ? "E  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 3Uej]}c  
31.   血压 hypertension Wg,7k9I  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon #_WkV  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 MV]`[^xQ5  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 6q^\pJY%&7  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 '}IGV`c  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health aJ}hlM>  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds ~RLWr.pK  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations M4(57b[`  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle /B)2 L]6p  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 W8F@nY  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people -fp/3-  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent }B_?7+  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from (,KzyR=*'  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to uIBN !\j  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to 2_ 1RJ  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to K+"3He  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive bg|dV  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ;" Aj80  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly RA?_j$  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations \iaZV.#f  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon c91^7@Xv  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate }ice*3'3  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy ^4NRmlb  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances (E7"GJ  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance l fF RqZ  
56.   退休养老金retirement n  P_'{|M<?  
57.   医疗改革health care reform -%| ] d ;  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity x)Zb:"  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 9HEqB0|ZRu  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace (>E/C^Tc%  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care crOSr/I$  
62.   安乐死euthanasia VrLp5?Bh  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill _iCrQJ0"T  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 'n>44_7L  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient W -HOl!)  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. *C0a,G4  
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