考博英语语法重点总结 :{wsd$Qlj
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 MUCJ/GF*
独立主格特征 A<YZ BR_
1. 充当句子的状语。 qOcG|UgF
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 A 5.'h<
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 *&h XJJ[+
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） qa0JQ _?o]
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 0'q(XB`i=
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ?G>5 D`V
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). *xv /b=
真题剖析 3h
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. - ;@5Ua1uf
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. d,oOn.n&
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be j6R{
虚拟语气 t0asW5f
虚拟语气（2） G7_"^r%c9;
1. （should）+动词原形 B
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ?^yh5
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 (;2J(GZ:$U
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 %B {D
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 -4^@)~Y
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 vU$O{|J
would rather +动词过去式 >nIc F m
真题剖析 t~<-4N$(
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ,5<`+w#a
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t L$u&~"z-
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. [>J~M!yu:r
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded 8F\Msx
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ^0ZKHR(}e
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 6 dS1\Y
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. %*Z2Gef?H
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 9CU6
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54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should dI0>m:RBz
非谓语动词 u &d v[
动名词、分词、不定式。 9uq+Ve>
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) _F|_C5A
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^a
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 7E75s)KH
真题剖析 Lc: SqF
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. =|5bhwU]
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops SSsQu^A
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. `E0.P V
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 8.%a "sxr
主谓一致 Y %D*O
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 g@6X|W5,J
How you got there doesn’t concern me. gK#fuQ$hH
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. /
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 , a_{ Y+
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. @61N[
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 FZ. z' 3I
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Y./}z
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). <QW1fE
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 79B`w
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. rKs WS~U
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) L\?g/l+k
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等）
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He no less than John is interested in literature. 2l/5i]Tq
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) *7fPp8k+Z;
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 7(USp #"
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 +-YuBVHL
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Sq8Q *
真题剖析 =? *" V-l
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 70*iJ^|
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some nV xMo_
倒装 nC{rs+P
全部倒装 Bsk2&17z
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 4N=Ie}_`
There stand big buildings in this district.
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. gsm^
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) }' 0Xz9/ l
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 12' (MAP
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 4m(>" dHP
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 3udIe$.Q
4. 表语位于句首 vA -p} ]%
Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
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Not far from here is a famous university. *vE C ,)
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 LU7)F,ok
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. v]SE?xF{U
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. GE+csnA2
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） D2 cIVx3:(
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ^o \p|f>f
部分倒装 {u6fa>R&$
1. 疑问句 gO myFHv.
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） \'=}kk`
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. g* .(!
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 ZboJszNb;
Only when he comes back can be leave. (NN14
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 OmbKx&>YGz
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. ,[1`'nN@g
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) }V,M0b>
By no means should you break the rules. F tDA k?
At no time should we give in to difficulties. wO)KQ~ yX
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) B{(l 5B6
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” kzpbs?<;
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 8\
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. A"VXs1>_^
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