考博英语语法重点总结 0- [naGz
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 T@=C2
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独立主格特征 _3:%b6&Pz
1. 充当句子的状语。 33EF/k3vW
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 J
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 0ki- /{;
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ^Fh*9[Zf$
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Q #G x o
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ccrWk*tr
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). M2-`p
真题剖析 ZM b+sUK
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. j<P;:
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because v
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. s*[
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8. A. is B. having C. being D. be '9Z`y_~)G
虚拟语气 L FkDb}
虚拟语气（2）
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1. （should）+动词原形 DH
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 xy]O8> b
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 %+=;4tH J
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 j(Lz& *4
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 *{vH9TO
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
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would rather +动词过去式 %*}rLn"?
真题剖析 1oej<67PdJ
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … :31_WJ^
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t J`U]Ux/L
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. iR nj N
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ZK8)FmT_<O
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. h(HpeN%`#
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take SK\@w9#&$
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ~ tA ^[tK
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 7b[s W|{
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should
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非谓语动词 ;
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动名词、分词、不定式。 Eo6N'h >h
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) =U3S"W %
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %xlpOR4
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 E+lR&~mK=
真题剖析 #{}?=/nJ~-
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %=UD~5!G0
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops fWmc$r5n](
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. k sv ]
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative $Y |OGZH8E
主谓一致 8
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ed,A'S= d
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Zo<)r2|O.
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. `q -+r1u
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 r E+B}O
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. PY5 &Fwjc
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 [ A7TSN
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 r%.k,FzGZY
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Mk}T
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ^/ " }_bR
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Ab@ G^SLX
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) kkq1:\pZ]a
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） y0 d=
He no less than John is interested in literature. ; ;,7Jon2
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) |Mb{0mKb
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 5bLNQz\WJ
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 IEhD5?
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. .g8*K "
真题剖析 [7vV#s3kJ
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ZM.'W}J{ *
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some %y RGN
倒装 3ay},3MCV%
全部倒装 i(j / C
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 5%I3eL %s
There stand big buildings in this district. !/}3/iU
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. v)+g<!
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) uV
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. OD8
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 -uYxc=4Lh
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. :A
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4. 表语位于句首 oai=1vt@
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. o !tC{"g
Not far from here is a famous university. jri"# H
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ,P a*; o\
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. PT~htG<Fw
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. cwmS4^zt8
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） i\sBey ND"
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. QHNyH
部分倒装 EOB8|:*
1. 疑问句 ?h}NL5a
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 3}|[<^$
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. xgk~%X%K
3. “only+状语”位于句首 ? "I %K%
Only when he comes back can be leave. 2^o7 ^S
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 m]n2wmE3n
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. yT7$6x
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 8US#SI'x
By no means should you break the rules. J
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. $lxpwO
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) "9caoPI0~
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ~Zr}QO}G
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. 3F;C{P!
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