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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 Hr$QLtr  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 } (!EuLL  
  1 、医生 qTQBt}  
  ① doctor, medical worker `O'`eY1f  
  ② physician 内科医生 0T46sm r  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 IT$25ZF  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 a@R]X5[O  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 tY <Z'xA?  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 -1J[n0O.  
R i^[i}  
  2 、医院 _2N$LLbg  
  ① hospital f^VP/rdg  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 QD%L0;j  
  The general hospital 普通医院 \m1~jMz*>k  
  The community hospital 社区医院 be +4junf  
  The public hospital 公立医院 K#"O a h  
  The private hospital 私立医院 {P*m;a`}  
  ② clinc 门诊 RZ+`T+zL  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 0tU.(  
  ③ ward 病房 r\/+Oa'  
④ medical team 医疗队 [p<w._b i  
~*w k6&|  
3、 医疗手段 l]5w$dded~  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 _8E/) M  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗  z^<"x |:  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 !50[z:  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis k1!@^A  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 BT(CM,bp  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 6H7],aMg$A  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 CvD "sHVq%  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 /gG"v5]  
(9)              TCM 中医 6AhM=C  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 15sp|$&`  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 j*vYBGD  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ~Rr~1I&mR,  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 yYfs y?3  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 5@BBo eG  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ;  \*<d{gZ~  
X93!bB  
  4 、医疗体制 q?8| [.  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 c3CWRi`LE  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 :n-]>Q>5=k  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 c(~[$)i6  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 HKUn`ng  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 Qr{E[6  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 RtM8yar+sn  
)z28=%g  
  5 、医德 e\:+uVzz  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 XSyHk"g`  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 jJPGrkr  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 pW J Fz-  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 @W"KVPd  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 ?m\t| /0Q  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 pz.JWCU1  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 9eQxit7  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people   t!_<~  
x5- }h*  
  6 、病人 z)r =+ -  
  (1 )patient '$ t   
  (2 )the sick IHv[ v*4:  
  (3 )the invalid f@|A[>"V  
  (4) sufferer |#cm`v  
   LQRQA[^  
(二)疾病 ?WqT[MnK  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ,N]H dR  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) Ni-xx9)=  
  (2) contract (v ) ?FpWvyz|  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 _n50C"X=&(  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 MS 81sN\d  
< (fRn`)PT  
  2 、必知疾病名称 q(.sq12<<W  
  heart disease 心脏病 |Sy<@oq  
  hypertension 高血压 P"IPcT%Ob%  
  kidney problem 肾病 q=Sgk>NA  
  stroke 中风 c]n1':FT"  
    shock 休克 2q=AEv/  
  the blood pressure 血压 iXVe.n  
  diabetes 糖尿病 JP!~,mdS  
  obesity 肥胖 Sw TL|+u  
  terminal illness 绝症 KyYMfC  
  incurable illness 不治之症 .*Ct bGw  
  cancer 癌症 l3Q(TH~I  
  tumor 肿瘤 !Sh&3uy_qN  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 t\~P:"  
  emergency case 急症 {JZZZY!n2  
  serious illness 重症 eg\v0Y!rI  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 \r^qL^  
  short breath 短气 O`x;,6Vr  
  syndrome 综合症 zZPuha8  
  complications 并发症 9kN}c<o  
  process 病程 |[<_GQl  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 \o}xF@sM5  
short-sighted (adj)近视  Ch&a/S}  
8uc1 iB  
  3、传染病 I5 o)_nc  
  (1) 感染源 u]<,,  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 LSa,1{  
  (2 )传染疾病 jSh5!6O  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 xu/cq9  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 q>_/u"  
  infection contagion 传染病 ck ]Do !h  
  infectious diseases 传染病 _E&A{HkJ  
  AIDS 艾滋病 0bceI  
  SARS mXRB7k  
  (3) 传染 3GaQk-  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 B6u /mo<  
  block the channel (v) {@H6HqD  
  disseminate 传播 iEVb"w0 59  
cross infection 交叉感染 mq aHwID  
)M,Of Xa  
  5 、疾病、病痛 UldXYtGe  
  illness zvYq@Mhr  
  sickness -V-RP ;">  
  disease A;;fACF8e  
  ailment yCd-9zb=  
suffering oI0M%/aM  
(yu/l 6[  
  6 、疾病的转归 9v;Vv0k_  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 :8L8q<U  
  recover recovery !^^?dRd*v  
  recuperate fV &KM*W*@  
  resume W3]_m8,Z  
  recruit ;+e}aER&9  
  reinstate v0 nj M  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 K$&s=Hm  
  deteriorate Qi ua  
  aggravate q-  
  exasperate jlkmLcpf  
  make worse ) brVduB  
  worsen >sfRI]OG  
   S/}2;\Xm  
    7、其他相关词汇 _g+JA3sIJ  
  outbreak and spending 2"0es40;0  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 NE"@Bk cm  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 Q;[,Q~c[u  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 O ,J>/  
  taboo 禁忌 {E p0TVj`  
  speed up blood circulation (v) *?Lv3}E  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) UM!ENI|  
  side effects 副反应 = 6tHsN23  
complain of 主述 DQNnNsP:M-  
<A[E:*`*  
   {HL3<2=o  
(三)药物 u}>#Eb  
  1 、药物名称 c]$i\i#  
  medicine [OjF[1I)u  
  drug *-+&[P]m  
  remedy VGfMN|h  
  medicinal herbs tkVbo.[8K  
  power wAX1l*`  
  tablet dA-2%u J  
pill !$DIc  
Jp j}@,  
  2 、药物用法 9iXeBC  
  开药 : ln$&``L  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases ;6gDV`Twy  
  write out a proscription INcg S MM  
  服药 ` BDLW%aL  
  take a medicine DamC F  
  治…的疾病 JCz@s~f\y  
a remedy for some diseases H70LhN  
WxW7qt  
3 、其他相关词汇 N<f"]  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 0FGe=$vD  
  side effects 副反应 7bqBk,`9  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 MJ7Y#<u  
  drugstore 药房 q:l>O5  
  over the counter 非处方药 z|=}1; (.  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 =fu :@+  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 Q&MZN);.  
  prescription 处方 .nG#co"r}3  
  expenses for medicine 药费 n_$ :7J  
  charges for medicine umD!2 w  
drug rebate 药品回扣 :/ y1yM  
8*8Zc/{  
   ="x\`+U  
(四)心理疾病 m6n?bEl6I  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 e "/;7:J5\  
  subhealth 亚健康 O_$m!5ug  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 @|<<H3I  
  psychological problem 心理问题 lCAIK  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 iOwx0GD.n  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 |o,8V p  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ul u9'ch  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 7w 37S  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 s >e=?W  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 b|cyjDMAA  
psychological expert 心理专家 !lEY=1nHOJ  
0dhF&*h|L  
  2 、情绪词汇 2r mSo&3@s  
  overcome m<{< s T  
  disappoint Q@ 2i~Qo[  
  disappointed V+Cwzc^j  
  shy , )jkXS TZ  
  flush j{Hao\F8  
  frustration `VKf3&|<A  
  failure 0TN;86Mo  
  willpower RQ'exc2x0  
  optimism Xv< B1  
  optimistic &krwf ]|  
  be sensitive to @) s,{F  
  nervous q6_u@:3u  
  tensional 5QPM t^  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Sp7ld7c  
  confident confidence q-]`CW]n  
  stress pressure _@ *+~9%8p  
  depress depressed S:TgFt0  
  depression depressive A-,up{g  
   k$ H%.l;E  
3 、疲劳相关词汇  PZ{Dv'C  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary vhsk 0$f   
   p"l3e9&'j  
(五)肥胖与营养 @;<ht c  
  1 、营养物质 7<%<Ff@^)O  
  nutrient 营养素 q4}PM[K?=\  
  protein 蛋白质 jeGj<m  
  fat 脂肪 GP&vLt51  
  glucose 葡萄糖  EI_  
  vitamin 维生素 TjQvAkT  
  sugar 糖类 OiE;B  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 /1x,h"T\<  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 87:!C5e}  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 $BFvF ,n  
cholesterol胆固醇 6KVn nK  
yU8{i&w4  
  2 、营养与饮食 u0#}9UKQ  
  a well-balanced diet H ,+? t  
  nutrition 营养 *+uHQgn(  
  nutritional 营养的 M/):e$S  
7\f\!e <  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ZTU&, 1Y;  
;Ra+=z}>  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall q^A+<d  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase -T&.kYqnb$  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; -S$1Yn  
4.       食品安全 food safety [Z~ 2  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies a)S+8uU  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to _UT$,0u_i  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU B*~5)}1op  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system zoDH` h_  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care >~`r:0',  
10.   服务体系service system A 5Q 'i2*j  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene sf]s",t~J  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. {5d9$v7k4  
13.   清淡的lite zCOgBT~p   
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet vTaJqEE  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN KAsS [  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 f)g7 3=  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; H-3Eo#b#  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease QT9n,lX  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; xGU(n _Y  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion Up:<=Kgci  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" gqR)IVk>%  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission Ov#=]t5  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D U,+[5sbo  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate UG'bOF4  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 7T"XPV|W6  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s R(-<BtM!-  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse Y3h/~bM%  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to %0 #XPc("  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – (YY~{W$w(  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 16L]=&@  
31.   血压 hypertension `\X+ Ud|  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon 'kYwz;gp  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 l~D N1z6`  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ <$N"q  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 6G}+gqbX  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health L{E^?iX  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Ew S!]h?  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations i/b'4o=8  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle '|7Woxl9  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 [xh*"wT#g  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people /)xlJUq  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent `xiCm':  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ~2d:Q6  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to &20P,8@  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to p#SY /KIw  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to )HD`O~M>  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive >a1{397Y}  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak \v6 M:KR5/  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly +,v-=~5  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations QQe;1O  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon - }!H3]tr  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate Y F:2>w<  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy Xnuzr" 4u  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 0F#>Cm D  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance "4H8A =  
56.   退休养老金retirement n ;WT{|z  
57.   医疗改革health care reform xsj O)))f  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity J ti(b*~  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 55t\Bms{  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 1!p/6  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care JaWv]@9*  
62.   安乐死euthanasia M,3wmW&d6  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill bXYA5wG  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! j<pw\k{i  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient a;$P:C{gj?  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. q Q7w&9r.M  
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