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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 \,&,Q  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 LDc?/ Z1  
  1 、医生 M#Kke9%2  
  ① doctor, medical worker |qm_ESzl  
  ② physician 内科医生 & 6 wD  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 1 etl:gcEC  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生  Z(F['Zf  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 S#Q 0aG j  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 Is&0h|  
Rxb?SBa  
  2 、医院 SbLm  
  ① hospital 2~`vV'K  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 /~~A2.=.  
  The general hospital 普通医院 fab. %$  
  The community hospital 社区医院 G`D rY;  
  The public hospital 公立医院 Eqizx~eqq  
  The private hospital 私立医院 L h@0|k  
  ② clinc 门诊 I-Q@v`  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 z][hlDv\j  
  ③ ward 病房 S@Iza9\|@  
④ medical team 医疗队 Q HU|aC{r  
p~'iK4[&6  
3、 医疗手段 lQl!TW"aO  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ,Iv eKk5W  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 6.Jvqn  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 XQ3"+M_KG  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis dl]pdg<  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 D~ogq]  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | ObPXVqG"?  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 VQ"Z3L3-4  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 .} O@<t  
(9)              TCM 中医 ]-j.\+(*  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 S;0z%$y  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 m]+~F_/  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 l|81_BC"  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 G! Y l0Zr  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 C: AD ZJL  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; C547})  
F;bkV}^  
  4 、医疗体制 t[r 6jo7  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 KpBOmXE  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ds9U9t  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 htT9Hrx  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 0q4P hxR`e  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 GbC@ |  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 Mkh/+f4  
%+htA0aX  
  5 、医德 * >/w,E]  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德  Q 'ZZQ  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 RBz"1hRo`  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 w&@zJ[  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 8.G<+.  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 \QQWhwE  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 kbL7Xjk  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 7+8 8o:G9  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people /!JxiGn  
9M^5<8:  
  6 、病人 6 .9C 4  
  (1 )patient dt@~8kS  
  (2 )the sick k`o8(zPb  
  (3 )the invalid x ;~;Ah.p  
  (4) sufferer a x)J!I18  
   |)v}\-\ #  
(二)疾病 dWi< U4  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 kL8 E#  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ck%.D%=  
  (2) contract (v ) >0[:uu,'>  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 P* i 'uN  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 V FM!K$_  
"uP*pR^  
  2 、必知疾病名称 T{2)d]Y  
  heart disease 心脏病 iITMBS`}  
  hypertension 高血压 dGj0;3FI%  
  kidney problem 肾病 +=Q:g,kP  
  stroke 中风 .%dGSDru  
    shock 休克 r*8a!jm?  
  the blood pressure 血压 q"@ #FS  
  diabetes 糖尿病 d2NFdBoI  
  obesity 肥胖 8(&6*- 7=  
  terminal illness 绝症 kN3 <l7  
  incurable illness 不治之症 U}4I29M  
  cancer 癌症 $m~&| s  
  tumor 肿瘤 w N`Nj m9!  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 5!S#}=f=  
  emergency case 急症 +}1zw<  
  serious illness 重症 {}8C/4iP  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 qBcbMa9m  
  short breath 短气 0:71Xm  
  syndrome 综合症 Q"U%]2@=  
  complications 并发症 {$Uj&/IC  
  process 病程 (3$DUvx7  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 K!qOO  
short-sighted (adj)近视 ~OsLbz:  
PYWFz   
  3、传染病 ZA. S X|m  
  (1) 感染源 BfCM\ij  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 gE $Uv*Gj  
  (2 )传染疾病 +6l#hO7h  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 t:V._@  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 vf@j d}?  
  infection contagion 传染病 N>YSXh`W`y  
  infectious diseases 传染病 2L;=wP2?{  
  AIDS 艾滋病 5,oLl {S'  
  SARS +ctU7 rVy  
  (3) 传染 X<.l(9$  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 _b/zBFa%  
  block the channel (v) 52 j3[in  
  disseminate 传播 -C(Yl=  
cross infection 交叉感染 HfhI9f_x  
,j`48S@  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Cw(ypu  
  illness &+@`Si=  
  sickness 6 ,jCO@!   
  disease jQ'g'c!  
  ailment dmXfz D  
suffering jUNt4  
hKN ;tq,  
  6 、疾病的转归 <z2.A/L  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 >itabG-&  
  recover recovery 4v _Hh<%  
  recuperate #k)z5vZ$h  
  resume HBvyX`-  
  recruit :x[()J~N  
  reinstate Mb[4_Dc  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ^78N25RU(  
  deteriorate a?nK |Q=e  
  aggravate \WTKw x  
  exasperate #yR&|*@  
  make worse % JiF269  
  worsen WHv6E!^\_  
   W?aP%D"(i  
    7、其他相关词汇 SE'|||B  
  outbreak and spending gI2'[OU  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ?.F^Oi6 u  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 A'~mJO/   
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 !lFNG:&`  
  taboo 禁忌 O/Hj-u6&A  
  speed up blood circulation (v) ulW>8bW&  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 0U*f"5F  
  side effects 副反应 Tq )hAZ  
complain of 主述 x"C7NW[$  
~/JS_>e#6P  
   Z&iW1  
(三)药物 .xT{Rz  
  1 、药物名称 )SZ#%OE*  
  medicine 3w |5%`  
  drug hO3 q|SL  
  remedy LVdR,'lS  
  medicinal herbs 3o>JJJ=]  
  power ;P juO  
  tablet L;M@]  
pill D4hT Hh  
QP50.P5g  
  2 、药物用法 6qTMHRI  
  开药 : `'XN2-M8  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases tl~ZuS/  
  write out a proscription -u"|{5? '  
  服药 M1NdlAAf  
  take a medicine I2RXw  
  治…的疾病  *$DD+]2  
a remedy for some diseases ',]Aj!q  
M"p%CbcI]  
3 、其他相关词汇 WW6-oQs_#*  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 z<fd!g+^  
  side effects 副反应 GKF!GbGR@  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 8Ara^Xh}q  
  drugstore 药房 .L%pWRxA[  
  over the counter 非处方药 3$P  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 y1}2hT0,  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 _s0)Dl6K  
  prescription 处方 C}3a  ^j  
  expenses for medicine 药费 jP}Ry=V/  
  charges for medicine s.;'-oA  
drug rebate 药品回扣 wexX|B^u  
"'Gq4<&y  
   SD%3B!cpX  
(四)心理疾病 1GkoE  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 dD39?K/  
  subhealth 亚健康 bxL'k/Y$  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 Dt7z<1-)l  
  psychological problem 心理问题 0(u}z  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 !@ P{s'<:  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 Wql=PqF  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 _PC<Td>nm  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 Yg&/^  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 jG& 8`*|*  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 0d:t=LKw)  
psychological expert 心理专家 I(&N2L$-  
`\ IaeMvo  
  2 、情绪词汇 ?kV_!2U)'K  
  overcome K+L9cv4 |*  
  disappoint !J{[XT  
  disappointed -R];tpddR5  
  shy , NaQ~iY?  
  flush n++ak\  
  frustration 4~oRcO8!Y  
  failure @_c&lToj_  
  willpower -cn`D2RP  
  optimism xi ,fm  
  optimistic V}2[chbl  
  be sensitive to =\i%,YY  
  nervous @'hkU$N)  
  tensional ;<0~^,Xm  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic e_rEu'[av  
  confident confidence 4 s9^%K\8{  
  stress pressure d:]ZFk_*  
  depress depressed ]*)l_mut7  
  depression depressive td$RDtW[3  
   .p'McCV=  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 H#nJWe_9A  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary G(F=6L~;  
   M#8_Qbvfk  
(五)肥胖与营养 s{Y-Vdx  
  1 、营养物质 hS%oQ)zvE  
  nutrient 营养素 *9F{+)A  
  protein 蛋白质 mpIR: Im  
  fat 脂肪 G-vkkNj%e  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ,^v_gc  
  vitamin 维生素 'XYjo&w  
  sugar 糖类 Vm I Afe  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 ~Hx>yn94e  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 'auYm X  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 bQ0+Y?,+/  
cholesterol胆固醇 c47.,oTo  
9:E.Iy  
  2 、营养与饮食 LTb#1JC  
  a well-balanced diet ~qA\u5sB9@  
  nutrition 营养 3 }#rg  
  nutritional 营养的 b'`C<Rk  
o7v9xm+  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 %;GRR (K  
A- #c1KU!  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall g- INhzMu  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 1n>AN.nI  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; p%\&M bA  
4.       食品安全 food safety H]{`q  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies k/Ao?R=@gI  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Y)AHM0;g  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU 3X`N~_+  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system S'IQbHz*  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care qFY>/fCP4  
10.   服务体系service system A Gs*X> D  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene =u5( zaBe  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. '@5"p.  
13.   清淡的lite U\"FYTC  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet vC^n_  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Yjx4H  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 9*[!ux7h  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 4tp }  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease C 'joJEo  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 'W p~8}i@  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ]_! . xx>  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" Rw!_j!  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission )gxZ &n6  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D R, U YwI  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate :CXm@yF~4=  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness QM=Y}   
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s #sf1,k5'  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse x\Kt}/97e  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to  |u^~Z-.  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – kclZ+E  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver p{O@ts:  
31.   血压 hypertension 1Zgv+.  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Q\*zF,ek  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8  0gJ{fcI  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ,+'VQa"]  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 N/8B@}@n  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health _j\ 8u`^n  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds !/E N  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations LcmZ"M6  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle a)M3t  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 d+IN-lR(  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people f.ws\^v%  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent l\{r-F N  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from )C0 y<:</  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to a}kPc}n\  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to -y8> c0u  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to Wf-Pa9  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive g,\O}jT\'  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak vH>s2\V"  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly 'F Cmbry  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations =nG>aAG  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon zB#.EW  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate \_t[\&.a}  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy o(oD8Ni  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances \-{2E  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance L?b;TjLe  
56.   退休养老金retirement n FtybF  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 88A,ll%  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity PS`F  
59.   月经期menstrual period S \NQ[w7  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace v)LSH;<  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care g ~>nT> 6  
62.   安乐死euthanasia zl )r3#6hW  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ]nm(V  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! B1z7r0Rm,  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient G3.\x_;k  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”.  F2dwT  
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