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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 '~ ,p[  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 H2 $GIY  
  1 、医生 ,hq)1u  
  ① doctor, medical worker .so[I  
  ② physician 内科医生 Ku\Y'ub  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 ]%BWIqbr  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 UJfEC0  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 C8 vOE`U,J  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 OE4+GI.r-  
z)z{3rR|PW  
  2 、医院 9G{;?c  
  ① hospital K_2|_MLlZ  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 bYi`R)  
  The general hospital 普通医院 &Y 4F!Rb  
  The community hospital 社区医院 aX~%5 mF  
  The public hospital 公立医院 a bJ" [  
  The private hospital 私立医院 qTAc[Ko  
  ② clinc 门诊 W?eu!wL#p  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 x_c7R;C  
  ③ ward 病房 TQ`Rk;0R  
④ medical team 医疗队 #]#sGmW/L  
=egW  
3、 医疗手段 }';D]c  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 e|&6$A>4]  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 81hbk((  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 &Ch#-CUE/  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis x5QaM.+=J  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ZR$'u%+g'  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 59zENUYl  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 N.4q.  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 {5d9$v7k4  
(9)              TCM 中医 ' j6gG  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 YKbaf(K )9  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 b:R-mg.VT{  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 0b/WpP  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 2-"0 ^n{  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Iw<jT|y)  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; w,O,W[C  
{ .*y  
  4 、医疗体制 H*bs31i{  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 t=*@yQ nB  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 [! 'op0  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 RN)dS>$  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 .e'eE  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 >7roe []-|  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 aA'|Rg,  
FSRm|  
  5 、医德 ? tfT8$  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 i 9g>9  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 w=|GJ 0  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 2DB7+aZ*  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 1yV: qp  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 sz @p_Z/  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 6G}+gqbX  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 oG7q_4+&  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people pA;-v MpMj  
/t6X(*xoy  
  6 、病人 y7S4d~&  
  (1 )patient rCS#{x  
  (2 )the sick /)xlJUq  
  (3 )the invalid SxK:]Aw  
  (4) sufferer (~$/$%b  
   s/:Fwr4q#a  
(二)疾病 0aoHKeP  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 9S[XTU  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) _5MNMV LwW  
  (2) contract (v ) l%Gw_0.?e  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 <!pQ  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人  KluA  
=`Y.=RL+'n  
  2 、必知疾病名称 \@}#Gez  
  heart disease 心脏病 Z?J:$of*  
  hypertension 高血压 WZ!WxX>zO  
  kidney problem 肾病 9_fePS|Z4  
  stroke 中风 hh~n#7w~IR  
    shock 休克 dY" }\v6  
  the blood pressure 血压 =e><z9hY  
  diabetes 糖尿病 >)_ojDO  
  obesity 肥胖 `]$?uQ  
  terminal illness 绝症 aFY_:.o2k`  
  incurable illness 不治之症 u)Q;8$`  
  cancer 癌症 ^D@b;EyK  
  tumor 肿瘤 rVQX7l#YI  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 _SZ5P>GIU  
  emergency case 急症 +Ra3bjl  
  serious illness 重症 ql5x2n  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 <-UOISyf  
  short breath 短气 n,P5o_^:  
  syndrome 综合症 N0n^L|(R  
  complications 并发症 K#K\-TR|$  
  process 病程 pz_e=xr  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 (I{ $kB"p  
short-sighted (adj)近视 ,6<"  
$e\N+~KNCy  
  3、传染病 tn/T6C^)  
  (1) 感染源 K&A;Z>l,v5  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 }0=<6\+:`  
  (2 )传染疾病 `GQ{*_-  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 KA]*ox6j;  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ul5|.C  
  infection contagion 传染病  W^g[L:s  
  infectious diseases 传染病 ySdN;d:q  
  AIDS 艾滋病 }GHxG9!z  
  SARS SKXBrD=-  
  (3) 传染 ro| vh\y  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的  ((DzUyK  
  block the channel (v) $v;dV@tB  
  disseminate 传播 ]j.k?P$U}  
cross infection 交叉感染 0.(<'!"y  
ysXx%k  
  5 、疾病、病痛 gb-{2p>}  
  illness XYbyOM VI  
  sickness :.IN?X  
  disease hCc0sRp  
  ailment zQuM !.  
suffering #V 43=  
jMpa?Jp1  
  6 、疾病的转归 z-u?s`k**  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 CB}BQd  
  recover recovery Pern*x9$  
  recuperate a1x7~)z>zi  
  resume `^8*<+  
  recruit f]_mzF=&  
  reinstate (r F?If  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 5:gj&jt;)7  
  deteriorate _PB@kH#  
  aggravate L$JI43HZ  
  exasperate h[U7!aM  
  make worse 0\ f-z6  
  worsen z\Ui8jo:;  
   %8D?$v"#Z  
    7、其他相关词汇 B7 c[ 4  
  outbreak and spending ks:{TA27  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 FzhT$7Gw  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 gM, &Spn  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 |cu`f{E2]  
  taboo 禁忌 <IH*\q:7  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 4K,''7N3  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) "_)|8|gN  
  side effects 副反应 CKC0{J8g  
complain of 主述 F@<MT<TRf  
B/_6Ieb+  
   pzSqbgfrQ  
(三)药物 1*c>I@I;  
  1 、药物名称 $3:X+ X  
  medicine @YB85p"]J.  
  drug ,RN|d0dE  
  remedy u*k*yWdr  
  medicinal herbs <? 4cWp|i  
  power z"qv  
  tablet 6`W|V+6|7  
pill WVkG 2  
bQV("~#  
  2 、药物用法 *#GDi'0  
  开药 : #'iPDRYy  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 4L11P  
  write out a proscription 3B -NY Ja  
  服药 )^(P@D.L  
  take a medicine k%!VP=c4s  
  治…的疾病 IO6MK&R  
a remedy for some diseases %A=|'6)k2  
$>(9~Yh0  
3 、其他相关词汇 Md?a cWE*L  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 WN1Jm:5YV  
  side effects 副反应 )5'rw<:="  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 6."PS4}:  
  drugstore 药房 g@}6N.]#  
  over the counter 非处方药 IY0 3"  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 q$|0) }  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 YV4 : 8At1  
  prescription 处方 PRZ8X{h  
  expenses for medicine 药费 *b:u * `@  
  charges for medicine q _19&;&  
drug rebate 药品回扣 7x%S](m%  
xSdN5RN  
   @|E;}:?u  
(四)心理疾病 "w C0eDf  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 $vW^n4!  
  subhealth 亚健康 fJvr+4i4k  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ~37R0`C  
  psychological problem 心理问题 loR,XW7z  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 Tw}@ +-  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 ?ISI[hoc  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 =!(S<] ;  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 a^ %8QJW  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 [y_yPOv  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 tN[St  
psychological expert 心理专家 o*?[_{x W  
rf)PAdj|~  
  2 、情绪词汇 IES41y<  
  overcome $,}Qf0(S  
  disappoint u):X>??  
  disappointed Ewa[Y=+tx  
  shy , +dDJes!]  
  flush YN_X0+b3C  
  frustration un.G6|S  
  failure p Z0 =  
  willpower 9"m, p  
  optimism 9 vB9k@9  
  optimistic H4P\hOK7r  
  be sensitive to ^nG1/}  
  nervous \/? ! 6~  
  tensional emGV]A%nss  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Na~g*)uT$  
  confident confidence {KF7j63  
  stress pressure XMjI}SPG  
  depress depressed s#'|{  
  depression depressive 0L3Bo3:k  
   =YS!soO  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 {LR#(q$1  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary >qSO,$  
   Z\ "Kd  
(五)肥胖与营养 BZ ]&uD|f  
  1 、营养物质 >=.ch5h3J)  
  nutrient 营养素 ;`X`c   
  protein 蛋白质 v*vub#wP  
  fat 脂肪 {|8:U}<#h  
  glucose 葡萄糖 X=S}WKu  
  vitamin 维生素 }w|=c >'_}  
  sugar 糖类 Y/?DSo4G  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 \t&n jMWpZ  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 E 6>1Fm8%V  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 B1 jH.(  
cholesterol胆固醇 LaAgoarN  
S4@117z5  
  2 、营养与饮食 vZ1D3ytfG  
  a well-balanced diet ^^j|0qshL  
  nutrition 营养 )[^:]}%r  
  nutritional 营养的 _BeX7  
(AyRs7Dkn  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 3!ajvSOI9j  
]8q%bsl+  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 0*]<RM  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase B<|q{D$N/  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; 6832N3=  
4.       食品安全 food safety unbcz{&Hb[  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies BhhK| U/  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to FHnHhB[  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU \sXm Mc  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system p lz=G}Y  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care :jN;l  
10.   服务体系service system A G1n>@Y'j''  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene O+3D 5*  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 'E4(!H,k  
13.   清淡的lite #f jX|b  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet }~0{1&  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN !UPAEA  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 2[bR6 T89  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; EZNB`gO  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease T J"{nB  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; *TMM:w|1  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion H"Em|LX^  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" W0C$*oe!_i  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission ^dp[ Z,[1z  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D M. UUA?d<'  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate s13 d*  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 61 HqBa  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s 39^uLob  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse xdSj+507  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to ?eZ"UGZg'  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – Tu T=  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver uc `rt"  
31.   血压 hypertension }N=zn7W  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon jq]\oY8y  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 m_Y}>  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ Ffqn|} gb  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 1 bx^Pt)  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health $[9V'K  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 7B>cmi  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations LB 5EGw  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle ny;)+v?mN\  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 kO O~%|1CP  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 0DjBqh$  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent S+=@d\S}"  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from oz7udY=]0  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to BB}iBf I'  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to l<:)rg^,  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to C'#)bX{  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive MkIO0&0O  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 6O?Sr,  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly L ~' N6  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations #pxet  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon w\[*_wQp  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate vG=$UUh@~  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy "h|0]y^2  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances GeR -k9  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance -"b3q  
56.   退休养老金retirement n T_ #oMXZ/  
57.   医疗改革health care reform :BiR6>1:  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity B~?Q. <M  
59.   月经期menstrual period S E<[ bgL  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 3^Q U4   
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Al;oI3  
62.   安乐死euthanasia omU)hFvyS  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill im%3*bv-  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! "+C\f)  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient V&n JT~k  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. \X p"I5  
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