考博英语语法重点总结 *q pmI9m
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 %mx
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独立主格特征 sq<y2j1oF
1. 充当句子的状语。 !PQ@"L)p
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Kt`0vwkjvI
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 =(hEr=f>7
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） u9GQ)`7Z@
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. hPEK@
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. fY-{,+ `'
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). ;OVJM
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真题剖析 l'o'q7&=z
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. wk-ziw
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because xpSMbX{e
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. !5{t1 oJ
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be U` bvv'38#
虚拟语气 & JP-M=\n
虚拟语气（2） mNuv>GAb
1. （should）+动词原形 KU$.m3A>
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 <0lfkeD
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 * SC~_
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 KDCq::P<
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 fe&K2C%bm
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 V
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would rather +动词过去式 ZpWG
真题剖析 !".@Wg$
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … /Nxy?g|,
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t !d"J,. )
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 7'; PI!$
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded OyTBgS G?a
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. dGHRHX
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take V! ~uGf
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. K);:+s-
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) D'A)H
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should .F> c Z,
非谓语动词 b vUYLWzS
动名词、分词、不定式。 q/&Z6LJ)
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) <A!v'Y
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) "-N%`UA
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 8m-ryr)
真题剖析 V,&s$eQC
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. [x,_0-_
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops nq A>
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. v{&c
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative z <s]Z
主谓一致 ?JtFiw
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 RqH"+/wR
How you got there doesn’t concern me. `2Ff2D ^ ?
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. kG\+f>XQ
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 [T !#s
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. S'2B
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 @[.%A;E4
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 kS3wa3bT
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 36.L1!d)pE
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 >/}v8 k 1v
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. `ag>4?7?
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) D|6p r C%/
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） |.)dOk,o
He no less than John is interested in literature. :] {+ 3A
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Cc/?-0a2!
Either my father or my brothers are coming. xH e<TwkI
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ;
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ~h tV*R
真题剖析 r4A%`sk
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 4E&URl0Bh
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some mEr
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倒装 ??ah
全部倒装 vw>O;u.]B
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” N-4Ld
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There stand big buildings in this district. N1zB; -0t
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. HG5|h[4G t
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) { &,a)h7&
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. (,[m}Qb?!
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 wQlK[F]!>
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. L&][730
4. 表语位于句首 _<= U.T`
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 2.Th29]
Not far from here is a famous university. K q: +{'
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ePP-&V"`"
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. n,bZj<3t
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. )g(2xUk-y
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ;vc$;54K
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. L'`W5B@
部分倒装 b 6'%nR*f
1. 疑问句 .3Jggp
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） .^X IZ
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ~^UQw? ;
3. “only+状语”位于句首 v 1 d]
Only when he comes back can be leave. s>9 w+|6Ji
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 C(Yk-7
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. P"cc$lB~ I
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) #O7|&DqF{
By no means should you break the rules. q UY;CEf
At no time should we give in to difficulties. .-k\Q} D
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) sV@kQ:
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” !rlN|HB
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 7N+No.vR.
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. _8)9I?jH
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