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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 p9Ks=\yvL  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 nKch _Jb  
  1 、医生 ) =sm{R%T  
  ① doctor, medical worker [|e7oNT(Q  
  ② physician 内科医生 we!} "'E;  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 (@~d9PvB>  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 2BEF8o]Np  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 J6Cw1Pi  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 2vT>hC?oHz  
B$sB1M0q  
  2 、医院 6;k#|-GU&  
  ① hospital g!i\ AMG?  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 1W;q(#q  
  The general hospital 普通医院 j!xt&t4D  
  The community hospital 社区医院 I HgYgn  
  The public hospital 公立医院 Z[s{   
  The private hospital 私立医院 w-pdpbHV  
  ② clinc 门诊 v=$v*W  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 7'k+/rAO  
  ③ ward 病房 7g[T#B'/x,  
④ medical team 医疗队 Tn8Z2iC  
K FvNsqd  
3、 医疗手段 =rFgOdj  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Ol"*(ea-TX  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 "X=l7{c/  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 )<nr;n  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis h/W@R_Y  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 v `9IS+Z  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | LS}dt?78`V  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 a=>PGriL  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ,Y6Me+5B  
(9)              TCM 中医 fH-V!QYGF  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 I"eXoqh  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 -$yNJ5F`  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 |#fqHON  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 }D-h=,];  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 tQ=M=BPZ  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; n@r'b{2;l  
`'H"|WsT  
  4 、医疗体制 z'GYU=  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 H48`z'o  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 tEhYQZ  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 ?~s,O$o  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 Op%}.9ed  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 Uv?s<  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 m08:EX P  
cD5c&+,&I  
  5 、医德 ?$ T! =e"  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 jp?;8rS3  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 Yz4)Q1  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 R%B"Gtl)  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 hqOy*!8'@  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 f6@fi`U ,  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 xLhN3#^m  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 Jv(9w[  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people *[K\_F? ^h  
IO3`/R-  
  6 、病人 C":i56  
  (1 )patient 6apK]PT  
  (2 )the sick -ZwQL="t  
  (3 )the invalid CGmObN8~'F  
  (4) sufferer Teq1VK3Hr  
   T 1'8<pJ^  
(二)疾病 &-^|n*=g6  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 =[{YI2S  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) `\!oY;jk  
  (2) contract (v ) .<ux Z  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 <k'JhMwN  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 yO }RkRA  
F-K=Ot j  
  2 、必知疾病名称 2ZHeOKJ-  
  heart disease 心脏病 pZ4]K xX@  
  hypertension 高血压 i"|="O0v5  
  kidney problem 肾病 {|)u).n|  
  stroke 中风 8w,U[aJm  
    shock 休克 x\HHu]  
  the blood pressure 血压 8$Igo$U-  
  diabetes 糖尿病 a3 }#lY):  
  obesity 肥胖 |.kYomJ   
  terminal illness 绝症 Q.SLiI  
  incurable illness 不治之症 +)8,$1[p|  
  cancer 癌症 0Vu&UD  
  tumor 肿瘤 y k=o  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 d) V"tSC,  
  emergency case 急症 p4} ,xQzB  
  serious illness 重症 M#v#3:& 5  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ~pM\]OC  
  short breath 短气 `dB!Ia|  
  syndrome 综合症 I_vPGafMx  
  complications 并发症 M9mC\Iz[  
  process 病程 {a>a?fVU  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 G01J1Ll}  
short-sighted (adj)近视 1<Vc[p&  
z}XmRc_Ko  
  3、传染病 &V. ps1  
  (1) 感染源 .}KY*y  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 45cMG~]p  
  (2 )传染疾病 fBgW0o.Bu  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 /SLAg&  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 HS1Gy/6'  
  infection contagion 传染病 A0L&p(i  
  infectious diseases 传染病 {+Rf?'JZH  
  AIDS 艾滋病 R-xWZRl>  
  SARS ,`<w#  
  (3) 传染 3hzI6otKS  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 `Qzga}`"]  
  block the channel (v) BIx Z4Ft  
  disseminate 传播 KEfn$\  
cross infection 交叉感染 \Qa6mt2h  
WM8 Ce0E  
  5 、疾病、病痛 $6p_`LD0  
  illness V?{[IMRC  
  sickness d1=kHU4_9  
  disease :5/P{Co (  
  ailment NL}) _.Og  
suffering 3`9H  
zu6Y*{$>g  
  6 、疾病的转归 'B;aXy/JC  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 2{t i])  
  recover recovery jR/YG ru  
  recuperate B1]5%B  
  resume E\U6n""]  
  recruit OLAw Rha  
  reinstate hr%O4&sa  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 g(d9=xq@k  
  deteriorate XW!a?a LNX  
  aggravate 1(V>8}zn  
  exasperate  ?`+46U%  
  make worse Y)@mL~){  
  worsen ^WDAW#f*<  
   K\5'pp1  
    7、其他相关词汇 lWj|7  
  outbreak and spending ]w!gv /;  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 nBs%k!RR  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 7.4Q  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 HJl$v#]#+  
  taboo 禁忌 y74Ph:^ k  
  speed up blood circulation (v) fuM+{1}/E  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) FC.d]XA%/d  
  side effects 副反应 :>gzWVE<  
complain of 主述 @=o1q=5@8  
4^1B'>I  
   uPk`9c 52%  
(三)药物 @DgJxY|  
  1 、药物名称 ]PVPt,c  
  medicine +W+O7SK\y  
  drug O_8ERxj g]  
  remedy mQt';|X@  
  medicinal herbs 2kV[A92s  
  power )/FB73!  
  tablet  8U!;  
pill m%ZJ p7C  
&.ZW1TxE8  
  2 、药物用法 $M\|zUQu.  
  开药 : O[Xl*9P  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases )'8DK$.  
  write out a proscription R }M'D15  
  服药 kR%bdN  
  take a medicine j:D@X=|  
  治…的疾病 p2}$S@G D  
a remedy for some diseases ,2mnjq/*Z  
$Z)Dvy|  
3 、其他相关词汇 zmkqqiDp_  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 U JG)-x  
  side effects 副反应 dw,Nlf~*0  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 q+XL,E  
  drugstore 药房 }$u]aX<  
  over the counter 非处方药 Eq zS={Olj  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 "pq#A*  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 7"F w8;k  
  prescription 处方 |M|'S~z  
  expenses for medicine 药费 Ggy_ Ctu  
  charges for medicine 3 #R~>c2  
drug rebate 药品回扣 >T{9-_#P  
$Tu%dE(OF  
   21GjRPs\  
(四)心理疾病 ";B.^pBv@;  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 {snLiCl  
  subhealth 亚健康 _F xq  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 8}Rwf?B  
  psychological problem 心理问题 vC~];!^  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 xdp!'1n."g  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 }Q_IqI[7  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 \~:Kp Kq  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 A<^IG+Q,B7  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 x<60=f[O2R  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 .$)'7  
psychological expert 心理专家 i+T#z  
i;xH  
  2 、情绪词汇  fI[tU(x  
  overcome s$6zA j!  
  disappoint T8>:@EL-k  
  disappointed h8 >7si  
  shy , [CBA Lj5  
  flush T+NEw8C?/  
  frustration /A\'_a|  
  failure E-_)w  
  willpower :k8>)x] )  
  optimism r~F T,  
  optimistic '#$% f  
  be sensitive to :s+AIo6  
  nervous jV8mn{<  
  tensional ZgF-.(GV  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic YQ X+lE  
  confident confidence [&t3xC,  
  stress pressure ]B=B@UO@.  
  depress depressed 7&XU]I  
  depression depressive +oBf\!{cW  
   0#F3@/1h  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 A?|KA<&m#u  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary 5^cPG" 4@  
   x68J [; jm  
(五)肥胖与营养  dKDtj:  
  1 、营养物质 "UKX~}8T  
  nutrient 营养素 Ks@S5:9sp  
  protein 蛋白质 #Bj{ 4OeV  
  fat 脂肪 *ntq;]  
  glucose 葡萄糖 'cy35M  
  vitamin 维生素 a1 M-F3  
  sugar 糖类 'e02rqip{  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 H&E c *MT  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 iU9de  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 d?WA}VFU  
cholesterol胆固醇 ~/Aw[>_;  
zCL/ ^^#  
  2 、营养与饮食 yeKzI~  
  a well-balanced diet f% ZqK_CW  
  nutrition 营养 3m#v|52oj  
  nutritional 营养的 r1EccY  
yU\&\fD>j  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ~-GgVi*I  
g Z   
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall uTA /E9OY  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase QOlm#S  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; H!4!1J.=xw  
4.       食品安全 food safety SW UHHl  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies qw&Wfk\}  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to -2o4v#d  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU (WR&Vt4Rh  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system A1{P"p!  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care .6xP>!E}Q  
10.   服务体系service system A {r`l  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene skR/Wf9DH  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. Um)0jT  
13.   清淡的lite l2+qP{_4  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet 4wX{N   
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Kw3fpNd  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 .S`Ue,H  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; >J[g)$,  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease ! o:m*:  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; (;$ J5  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion ^5qX+!3r{  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" |P z-  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission :J@q Xa  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D `x lsvK>  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate l\- 1W2  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness ?t'ZX~k  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s )@Z J3l.  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse U/>f" F  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to ::g"dRS<v  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – =%znY`0b56  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver Ox8dnPcx  
31.   血压 hypertension ZwAX+0  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon y<m{eDV7  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 F8;M++  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ;9q3FuR  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ?1x BhKq  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 7ks09Cy  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds p>Ju)o  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations (ivV[  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle V5i_\A  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 fPiq  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people i)1E[jc{p!  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent n>Y3hY  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from y%|nE((  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to UG s <<  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to &jl'1mZ  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to ~2 T_)l?  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive iv?'&IUfK  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak P0Ds7xh]h  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ":"QsS#*"#  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations 7 ZET@  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon nR6~oB{-  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate Mw?nIIu(@  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy uwj/]#`  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances w^ui%9 &6H  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance .hg<\-:_  
56.   退休养老金retirement n F] +t/  
57.   医疗改革health care reform (i|`PA  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity +AZ=nMgW  
59.   月经期menstrual period S `Vw9j,G  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace dg4"4\c*P  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care bFVz ;  
62.   安乐死euthanasia s.6S :  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 90k|W >  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 8q)2 )p  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient Z%`} `(  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. Bo`fy/x#  
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