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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 Ys8D|HIk  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 t""d^a#Dp  
  1 、医生 oW3Uyj   
  ① doctor, medical worker &<t`EI];)4  
  ② physician 内科医生 |l:,EA_v|  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 "=yz}~,  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 (/A 6kp?  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 hHyB;(3~  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 90gKGyxF  
aMaqlqf  
  2 、医院 `bW0Va N  
  ① hospital }ni@]k#q<  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 cX|(/h, W/  
  The general hospital 普通医院 60r0O5=|Fl  
  The community hospital 社区医院 Iy Vmz'  
  The public hospital 公立医院 2tZ\/6G<  
  The private hospital 私立医院 Og?P5&C"9D  
  ② clinc 门诊 oWBjPsQ  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 s"(F({J  
  ③ ward 病房 YZz8xtM<2  
④ medical team 医疗队 [>|6qY$D  
  ,<U  
3、 医疗手段 *ch7z|wo.  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 8^hbS%s!  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 _7,4C?  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 cCqmrjUmV  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis D9\ EkX  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ?y,z  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | %QQJSake|  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 F\-oZ#g  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 e]D TK*W~  
(9)              TCM 中医 6d;RtCENo  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 sDjbvC 0  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 )u.%ycfeV  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 !~te&ccPE  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 E*VOyH 2[  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 <+AvbqDe  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; s\q m  
}nMp.7b  
  4 、医疗体制 ~[:Cl  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 0t -=*7w%  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 b21@iW  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 'J_6SD  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 5XinZ~  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 2I0Zr;\f  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 =S|dzgS/  
= o_zsDv  
  5 、医德 oC|']r6  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 C |P(,Xp  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 z;PF% F  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 :$N{NChx  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 7o$S6Y;c4  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 z{A~d  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 I Ab-O  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ,W5!=\Gg(  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people )q>q]eHz  
b*<Fi#x1=  
  6 、病人 NJPp6RZ%  
  (1 )patient [Ee <SB{  
  (2 )the sick N`NW*~  
  (3 )the invalid ~o8x3`CoF  
  (4) sufferer jDCf]NvOPM  
   T!QAcO  
(二)疾病 z Qx6r .  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 -E-e!  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 7 MG<!U  
  (2) contract (v ) PQ(/1v   
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 </23* n]  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 ~A,(D-  
YAYwrKt  
  2 、必知疾病名称 =$WDB=i  
  heart disease 心脏病 *a@78&N  
  hypertension 高血压 & hv@ &  
  kidney problem 肾病 BD&AtOj[,  
  stroke 中风 V5S6?V \  
    shock 休克 !s47A"O&B  
  the blood pressure 血压 LqoH]AcN  
  diabetes 糖尿病 c{wob%!>  
  obesity 肥胖 ]QmY`pTB`  
  terminal illness 绝症 &ej |DM6  
  incurable illness 不治之症 R6qC0@*  
  cancer 癌症 1JF>0ijU@  
  tumor 肿瘤 1-?TjR  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 d?>pcT)G_  
  emergency case 急症 1L<X+,]@  
  serious illness 重症 yr34&M(a  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 a\Dw*h?b~  
  short breath 短气 Z~HLa  
  syndrome 综合症 +M.!_2t$2  
  complications 并发症 x}H%NzR  
  process 病程 UszR. Z  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 Pc=:j(  
short-sighted (adj)近视 Nj`Miv o  
8AIAv_ g  
  3、传染病 <R8!fc{`  
  (1) 感染源 A3zO&4f ]  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 0A.9<&Lod  
  (2 )传染疾病 {iq)[ )n  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 meR5E?Fm  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 7"$9js2  
  infection contagion 传染病 za [;d4<}k  
  infectious diseases 传染病 c4xXsUBQk  
  AIDS 艾滋病 E/uKzzD9  
  SARS 5'"l0EuD  
  (3) 传染 `&qeSEs\  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 =-8y =  
  block the channel (v) 7g&<ZZo  
  disseminate 传播 _:.'\d(  
cross infection 交叉感染 6'QlC+E  
- u'5xn7  
  5 、疾病、病痛 A_<1}8{L  
  illness xgv&M:%D-  
  sickness }[8Nr+ y  
  disease ]^?V8*zL]  
  ailment ^+q4*X6VB  
suffering <%Afa#  
Y#aHGZ$i  
  6 、疾病的转归 EJZb3  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 |!?`KO{  
  recover recovery + q@g  
  recuperate 34Z$a{ w  
  resume aO>Nev  
  recruit e-/+e64Q@  
  reinstate 8lcB.M  
  (2) 疾病的恶化  -p2 =?a  
  deteriorate k&8&D  
  aggravate [d/uy>z,  
  exasperate VN!+r7w'  
  make worse )k'4]=d <  
  worsen J|GE t@o3  
   ]^ "BLbDZ@  
    7、其他相关词汇 biw2 f~V  
  outbreak and spending 0-a[[hL?  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 z Qhc V  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 Q]oCzSi  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 f))'8  
  taboo 禁忌 Q( \2(x\  
  speed up blood circulation (v) It8m]FN  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) xfJ&11fG2  
  side effects 副反应 I3$/ #  
complain of 主述 :UdH}u!Ek  
=ijVT_|u0  
   `lA[-x~  
(三)药物 FY6!)/P0I7  
  1 、药物名称 `tb@x ^  
  medicine rAZsVnk?  
  drug 8rwXbYx x  
  remedy t<QSp6n""  
  medicinal herbs $IU|zda8  
  power Sx^4Y\\  
  tablet  @rT}V>2I  
pill -6./bB g  
!W ,pjW%Y  
  2 、药物用法 kbF+aS  
  开药 : )Ap0" ?q  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases C@8WY  
  write out a proscription `LID*uD;_  
  服药 =* Ad  
  take a medicine 9?xc3F2EBD  
  治…的疾病 ^.f`6 6/  
a remedy for some diseases E5y\t_H  
Ao/KB_4f*Q  
3 、其他相关词汇 (GNY::3  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 T)QT_ST.9  
  side effects 副反应 EFYyr f@  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 zwyK \j  
  drugstore 药房 qAF.i^  
  over the counter 非处方药 MSMgaw?  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 ?H.7 WtTC  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 -'9sn/  
  prescription 处方 i1k TP9  
  expenses for medicine 药费 9W[ ~c"Ku  
  charges for medicine du:%{4  
drug rebate 药品回扣 vV?=r5j  
?l3PDorR  
   6,*o;<k[  
(四)心理疾病  #)r  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 VZ:L K  
  subhealth 亚健康 ]qLro<  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 (Es0n$Xb  
  psychological problem 心理问题 d1`us G"  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 zoU-*Rs6  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 O'G,   
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ;DkX"X+  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 `V;vvHP A  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 z}" Xt=G?  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 oA _,jsD4  
psychological expert 心理专家 v/4Bt2J  
\.R+|`{tf  
  2 、情绪词汇 "2}E ARa  
  overcome Z5vpo$l  
  disappoint M] +FTz  
  disappointed O%(E 6 n  
  shy , @"6dq;"  
  flush %U.aRSf/  
  frustration QzwA*\G  
  failure <V}^c/c!  
  willpower )<D(Mb 2p|  
  optimism 6%K,3R-d  
  optimistic PLi[T4u  
  be sensitive to tr]=q9  
  nervous BCE} Er&  
  tensional PF,|Wzx  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic .}}w@NO  
  confident confidence o*OaYF'8  
  stress pressure >k6RmN  
  depress depressed BwN65_5p  
  depression depressive >g+ogwZ  
   vGK'U*gGD  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 (z}q6Lfa  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary :EISms  
   Ip/_uDi+!Z  
(五)肥胖与营养 g4BEo'  
  1 、营养物质 ,8KD-"l^g  
  nutrient 营养素 tN' -4<+  
  protein 蛋白质 aj1o   
  fat 脂肪 s V70a 3#  
  glucose 葡萄糖 HWFI6N  
  vitamin 维生素 niZ/yW{w  
  sugar 糖类 -r9G5Z !|n  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 p{knQ],   
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 C3Mr)  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 S7cxEOfAu  
cholesterol胆固醇 mK3U*)A   
6Q&R,"!$p  
  2 、营养与饮食 bgW=.s  
  a well-balanced diet fr~e!!$H  
  nutrition 营养 y*,3P0*z  
  nutritional 营养的 aB9Pdu t  
IS; F9{  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 0*66m:C2  
w$~|/UrLf  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall |Uz?i7z  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase \29a@ 6  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; =W1`FbR  
4.       食品安全 food safety R v6 1*F4  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies JO:40V?op  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to eW $G1h:  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU =4z:Df  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system  k~#F@_  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care |I7-7d-; /  
10.   服务体系service system A 5_U3Fs  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene K'[H`x^  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. C<CE!|sfr  
13.   清淡的lite ,fQc0gM= [  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ^7C?yC  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN rf"%D<bb  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 @&;y0N1xo  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; cDMA#gp  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease mjbr}9  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; WAlsh  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion GH2D5HVN  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" 7MreBs(M  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission YC\~P VG  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D D\8~3S'd  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate iQpKcBx  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 3IHya=qN  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s o >bf7+D  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse }?xu/C  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 6P;JF%{J  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – H XF5fs  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver $-9m8}U(Y  
31.   血压 hypertension {q%& ~  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon S/pTFlptCa  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 &G?b|Tb2  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ w@Ut[ ;6^  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 2bU 3*m^M  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health dL5u-<y&  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 9/ R|\  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations : WejY`}H%  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle #kT3Sx  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 $d.UF!s  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people k0.|%0?K  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 8E1swH5 z  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from x]6OE]]8L  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to F n4i[|W42  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to Y uXq   
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to {Cnz7TVB  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive X2!vC!4P?L  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 62Yi1<kV@  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly !]7r>NS>  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations mu0ER 3o  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 0m_c43+^  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate n%? bMDS  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy -L(F:  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances P#bZtWx'<N  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance 82Dw,Cn  
56.   退休养老金retirement n _!kL7qJ"  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 0dA'f0Uy\X  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 5O<7<O B  
59.   月经期menstrual period S -kT *gIJ}  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace J@w Q3#5a  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care _oxhS!.*  
62.   安乐死euthanasia gtWJR  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ^6`"f  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! I5PI;t+  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient E$d Pu  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. q"4{GCavN  
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