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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 z){UuiUM+=  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ^1,Eo2yN  
  1 、医生 ; 9 &1JX  
  ① doctor, medical worker X_({};mz  
  ② physician 内科医生 M}oj!xGB  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 Z^`=!n-V  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 3:8nwt  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 TnBGMI,g'  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 y]pN=<*h5  
Q xF8=p  
  2 、医院 fA M4Q  
  ① hospital ck jVa\  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 E"1 ;i  
  The general hospital 普通医院 Sp~Gv>uMK  
  The community hospital 社区医院 t6%xit+  
  The public hospital 公立医院 %QsSR'`  
  The private hospital 私立医院 So\|Ye  
  ② clinc 门诊 K]pKe" M  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 af?\kBm  
  ③ ward 病房 /,!7jF:  
④ medical team 医疗队 ;c m wh<  
28Ss b|  
3、 医疗手段 IQ lw 914  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Y0L5W;iM  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 Ef_F#X0#  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 "\zj][sL  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis orQ V'  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 V^Mf4!A(y  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | Xv-1PY':pA  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 pRrqs+IJZ\  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 T[4[/n> i  
(9)              TCM 中医 D*XZT{1g  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 |?2 hml  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 oc3dd"8}@  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 *< $c =  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 hs{&G^!jo  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 s0 \f9D  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; z@Z_] h  
%0+h  
  4 、医疗体制 +#-kIaU  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 TXd5v#_vo  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 -TK|Y"  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 Nl$gU3kL  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 Z^'?|qFj!  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 J8GXI:y  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 !"`@sd~  
.g/ARwM}  
  5 、医德 S+) l[0  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 [):{5hMA  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 5"-una>D  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 4 |zdXS  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 H4PbO/{xO  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 >\|kJ?h  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 [+g(  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 a)3O? Y  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people lv<iJH\  
Lv `#zgo_f  
  6 、病人 ,s1&O`  
  (1 )patient p{iG{  
  (2 )the sick  /6+1{p  
  (3 )the invalid vKcl6bVT  
  (4) sufferer t$U3|r  
   w{k1Y+1  
(二)疾病 :7 qqjs  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 5h_<R!jA  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) C>*5=p|T  
  (2) contract (v ) 6OfdD.y  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 GE%2/z p  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 W3^zIj  
p]wP36<S!  
  2 、必知疾病名称 mgy"|\]  
  heart disease 心脏病 sCVI 2S!L  
  hypertension 高血压 }X=87ud  
  kidney problem 肾病 %oAL  
  stroke 中风 %0vTA_W  
    shock 休克 ! mm5I#s  
  the blood pressure 血压 }KK2WJp#M  
  diabetes 糖尿病 vT?Q^PTO  
  obesity 肥胖 >Y}7[XK  
  terminal illness 绝症 >Z *iE"9"  
  incurable illness 不治之症 o>2e !7  
  cancer 癌症 4py(R-8\  
  tumor 肿瘤 9u?(^(.  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 (Up'$J}  
  emergency case 急症 K>kLUcC7Z  
  serious illness 重症 !/947Rn  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 *9J1$Wa  
  short breath 短气 ,E&Bn8L~O  
  syndrome 综合症 prZ55MS.  
  complications 并发症 +O'vj  
  process 病程 ):krJ+-/y  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 Xem 05%,  
short-sighted (adj)近视 hm3jpWi 8  
7$ d}!S  
  3、传染病 ;+ G9-  
  (1) 感染源 @44P4?;  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 VpSEVd:n  
  (2 )传染疾病 4YLs^1'TG0  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 +e'X;  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 71O3O7  
  infection contagion 传染病 =<{ RX8  
  infectious diseases 传染病 XvskB[\  
  AIDS 艾滋病 X2gz6|WJ  
  SARS 1kmQX+f   
  (3) 传染 RZO5=L9E  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 b{RqwV5P  
  block the channel (v) <*u C   
  disseminate 传播 f7J,&<<5w  
cross infection 交叉感染 u g\w\b  
#dc1pfL!y{  
  5 、疾病、病痛 ]TSg!H  
  illness dig~J\  
  sickness |y"jZT6R}t  
  disease ~O: U|&  
  ailment ni6r{eSQ  
suffering z<pJYpxH  
ug *D52?  
  6 、疾病的转归 @Z;1 g  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 Y-p<qL|_  
  recover recovery ?t rV72D  
  recuperate 9s`/~ a@  
  resume R8&|+ya  
  recruit u@=?#a$$  
  reinstate U,; xZe  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 e *]r  
  deteriorate (][LQ6Pc  
  aggravate  {8@\Ij  
  exasperate dqe7sZl!  
  make worse Ct]A%=cZW  
  worsen 'r+PH*Mr  
   4h|dHXYZ  
    7、其他相关词汇 R 1ktj  
  outbreak and spending &~-~5B|3"  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 8o-bd_  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 Zb''mf\  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 >UHa  
  taboo 禁忌 ;sPzOS9  
  speed up blood circulation (v) "T6#  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) &L4 q10-N  
  side effects 副反应 eThy+  
complain of 主述 D>sYPrf  
#^rU x.  
   `UzVS>]l[+  
(三)药物 G&9#*<F$c  
  1 、药物名称 ZR3nK0  
  medicine >q7 %UK]&  
  drug :w-`PY J%G  
  remedy |4b)>8TL/  
  medicinal herbs F u _@!K  
  power 'Ud| Ex@A9  
  tablet >+9JD%]x]  
pill 'BqZOZw  
fA^Em)cs2  
  2 、药物用法 6yIvaY$KR  
  开药 : cFZCf8:zB  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases /c-nE3+rn  
  write out a proscription A7-r <s  
  服药 pY}/j;.[  
  take a medicine .BZVX=x  
  治…的疾病 e~\QE0Oe:  
a remedy for some diseases Hi,t@!!  
f_6`tq m%  
3 、其他相关词汇 FJS'G^  
  drug therapy 药物治疗  <!'M} s  
  side effects 副反应 6Wf^0ok  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 @h9MxCE!  
  drugstore 药房 >Hwc,j q  
  over the counter 非处方药 @h? crJ6$  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 kU*{4G|6  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 \M+L3*W  
  prescription 处方 TMj4w,g4  
  expenses for medicine 药费 T j/GClD:%  
  charges for medicine S`q%ypy  
drug rebate 药品回扣 UH3t(o7O  
hKe30#:v  
   SBfFZw)  
(四)心理疾病 le .'pP@  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 Jh@_9/?  
  subhealth 亚健康 Ill []O  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 z;3NiY  
  psychological problem 心理问题 igkz2SI  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 _6LoVS  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 @u9Mks|{  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 hx!7w}[A  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 P:!)9/.2  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 vq6%Ey3Gix  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 < oI8-f  
psychological expert 心理专家 ujzW|HW^v  
NGTe4Crx  
  2 、情绪词汇 ,=By$.rr'  
  overcome j}WByaZ&  
  disappoint JOfV]eCL  
  disappointed FC>d_=V  
  shy , kBsXfVs9  
  flush `E>vG-9  
  frustration Yp5L+~J[  
  failure Pl  
  willpower %+tV/7|F  
  optimism b|?;h21rG  
  optimistic z +VV}:Q  
  be sensitive to Spj9H?m  
  nervous 2p< Aj!  
  tensional Z)9R9s  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Ft-6m%  
  confident confidence !#WqA9<  
  stress pressure k0ItG?Cv  
  depress depressed ExrY>*v  
  depression depressive T33|';k  
   -2*>`,Uu  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 pXW`+<g0  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ;Bs^iL  
   i21QJ6jPcI  
(五)肥胖与营养 Yj8&  
  1 、营养物质 JvJ;bFXD  
  nutrient 营养素 >oY^Gx  
  protein 蛋白质 pVG>A&4  
  fat 脂肪 CeW7 Ym  
  glucose 葡萄糖 =K'L|QKF  
  vitamin 维生素 n;OHH{E{  
  sugar 糖类 [W(Y3yyY  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 S0xIvzS  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 h48 bb.p2  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 ET elbj;0  
cholesterol胆固醇 9dYOH)f  
yJJ8 "s~i  
  2 、营养与饮食 [V5-%w^  
  a well-balanced diet 3yMt1 fy  
  nutrition 营养 i'HST|!j  
  nutritional 营养的 (`mOB6j  
n/-N;'2J  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 *a4 b  
uXNp!t Y  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 6jtTT%>y  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 7b,AQ9  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; + V89J!7  
4.       食品安全 food safety n}5x-SxS0  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies I,9~*^$  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to 2K~tDNv7  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU qAvvXs=5  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system .lG +a!)  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care yh$ ~*UV  
10.   服务体系service system A WiwwCKjSa  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene SmvwhX  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 4SBLu%=s%  
13.   清淡的lite ugRV5bUk  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet C }bPv +t  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN $1=v.'Y  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 -KA4Inn]5  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; @OrXbG7&>#  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease 0= gF6U  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; su%Z{f)#  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion H8x:D3C0  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" )/ n29]  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 0sY#MHPT&  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D Hv+:fr"  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate %PSz o8.l  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness jCam,$oE  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s =+k&&vOAn  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse dcM+ylB  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 18J.vcP  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – _TV2)  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ~ rQ4n9G  
31.   血压 hypertension |ORmS& 7  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon @m }rQT  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 IZzhJK M1V  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ Z&BM%.NZJ  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 (0O`A~M3  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health HFpjNR  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds WX+< 4j  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations {^2({A#&  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle v GulM<YY  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 #J'Z5)i|  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people (e>RNn\  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent +5N^TnBtBL  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from  4Ub?*  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to &h_d|8  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to 3ZT/>a>@  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to iT)2 ?I6!  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive Q#d+IIR0gK  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak vr8J*36{  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ]JhDRJ\  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations B h.6:9{  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Cf WK6>  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate P:bVcta9g  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy c +"O\j'  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances h|$zHm  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance noB}p4  
56.   退休养老金retirement n bb0{-T)1  
57.   医疗改革health care reform WZDokSR  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity :\ON+LQr  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ` Q!FMv6Y^  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace d/-0B <ts  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 6:7:NIl:  
62.   安乐死euthanasia 1v8:,!C  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill /Va&k4  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ^ZViQ$a"h;  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient O(WMTa'%  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. c]/O^/  
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