英语词汇讲义

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1、难度系数不好界定  j)mS3#cH  
2、考博要求有较大的词汇量 ldKLTO*&  
3、可以参考的单词书籍：《如鱼得水背单词》 zyK1 1  
4、借助真题背单词 s,laJf  
5、背单词的核心方法：词根、词缀 )Ps<u-V  
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词形相近类 U|+`Eth8(  
例如： 4l{La}Aj  
        A .commerce,     B. commence,    C. comment,     D. commend Yk7^?W  
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commerce     商业 &4p~i Z  
comment      评论 %CrpUx  
commend      赞美 XQ Si  
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例如：并发症 r
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        A .compensation    B. complication    C .contamination   D. contemplation tgrZs8?  
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complication          并发症 K!G/iz9SB  
compensation        补偿或弥补（经济学） _ =(v? 2:?  
contamination        污染（放射性、化学性） {RH)&k&%  
contemplation        冥思苦想 N u}Zsb|{  
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例如： U&gl$/4U@  
        A. emit    B. emerge     C. submit     D. submerge G7HvA46  
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emit               发射、发送 OFlY"OS[  
emerge          突然出现 Xu[A,6  
submerge      沉入、下沉 KlRIJOS  
submit           提交、递交、屈服、让步
Nu%MXu+  
0~nub  
四选项有三项为近义词类 R?kyJ4S  
例如： xNxSgvco,  
        A. fresh    B. evident    C. obvious     D. apparent #Ic-?2Gn4<  
同一场景类 L Z~}*}jy  
例如： O ;B[ZMV  
       A. parole      B. penalty      C. prosecute      D. charge h\OMWJ~  
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parole               假释、保释 3gba~}c)  
penalty             死刑或严重的惩罚 NB)22 %  
prosecute（for）= charge （with） 控告 $[*<e~?  
固定搭配类 X~g~U|B@  
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例句：  r(c8P6_  
      (1) Look, look, who is coming back? Theapple of my eye. ^9?IS<N0]  
      (2)Speaker A: Hey, Marry, how have youbeen lately? I haven’t heard from XXPpj< c  
                            you for ten years.I heard that you still did the same job as ten ,CQg6-[  
                            years ago. Whathappened to you? B["C~aF  
          Speaker B: While, you know, I likewhat I am now. I am not the kind of 2lRE+_qz  
                            person who wants topolish my boss' apple to get ahead。 @L5s.]vg=  
1．The day was breaking and people began togo to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body. /gq VXDY+`  
A．dispense          B．dispose          C．discard          D．discharge 77p8|63  
2．Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract.That′s ______ . Of course I didn′t agree. I would take legal action. I=9sTR)  
A．fraud          B．blackmail          C．bribery          D．compensation 8{4jlL;"`?  
3．Her remarks ______ a complete disregardfor human rights. #\$AB_[ot>  
A．magnified          B．maintained          C．manipulated          D．manifested ?=0BU}  
4．The unfortunate death of the genius poetcaused ______ loss to this country. 0ZJt  
A．priceless          B．countless          C．incalculable          D．imaginable |#`qP^E  
5．Before the disastrous earthquake therewas ______ chaos. v<tr1cUT  
A．massive          B．ominous          C．suspending          D．imminent %*Lv  
6．On behalf of my company, I am ______ toyou and your colleagues for your generous help. [,/~*L;7  
A．subjected          B．inclined          C．available          D．obliged aLt2fB1)  
7．The appearance of the used car is ______, it's much newer than it really is. ($r-& ]y  
A．descriptive          B．indicative          C．deceptive          D．impressive j)b[7%
 
8．His office is ______ to the President′s;it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. wOs t).  
A．related          B．adhesive          C．adherent          D．adjacent S!+}\*  
9．The none of students in the class likesthe mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do. 6h:2,h pE  
A．emotional          B．optimistic          C．interested          D．critical )@[##F2  
10．I didn′t know it then, but this disruptiveway of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. g}n-H4LI  
A．harmful          B．persistent          C．interruptive          D．characteristic )uu1AbT+e  
11．The problem is that the loss ofconfidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. p;n"zr8U  
A．spreading          B．contemptible          C．contented          D．depressing xY>@GSO1  
12．The sales manager was so adamantabout her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit. R]<N";-  
A．adaptable          B．anxious          C．firm          D．talkative ZGj ^,?a  
13．Other non-dominant males were hyperactive;they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting eachother. _T\cJcWf  
A．hardly active     B．relativelyactive     C．extremely inactive     D．pathologicallyactive !!?TkVyEyM  
14．While he was not dumber than an ox, hewas not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helpedhim along. zy(NJ  
A．helpful          B．merciful          C．enthusiastic          D．intelligent O QGKH6q  
15．Before the construction of the road, itwas prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across themountains.
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A．determinedly          B．incredibly          C．amazingly          D．forbiddingly M`)/^S9   
16．At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in hisold armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of hisyouth romances. %8{nuq+c  
A．hopefully          B．reflectively          C．sympathetically          D．irresistibly Oe ~g[I;  
17．The prodigal son spent his money extravagantlyand soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar. y~n1S~5cI  
A．lavishly          B．economically          C．thriftily          D．extrovertly N>xdX5  
18．The chimney vomited a cloud ofsmoke. Yhte&,D"  
A．ignited          B．immersed          C．emitted          D．hugged A <''x'\
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19．The rear section of the brain doesnot contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties. d$hBgJe>N  
A．advanced          B．growing          C．front          D．back 7zq@T]  
i
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zebra   斑马 hjD%=Ri0Z  
doze    打盹 Jb*E6-9G  
yearling  一岁家畜 _;M3=MTM9  
duckling   小鸭子 /mXxj93UA  
yield屈服,生产 =M=v; ,I-  
unyielding  不屈不挠的 ^B:;uyG]M  
eggshell  蛋壳 R*/s#*gmL  
eggwhite  蛋清 <*(^QOM  
yolk  蛋黄 !_P&SmK3  
yeast  酵母,发酵粉 |j~l%d*<w  
x=acec uc oc icien    生产，制造，做 F?^L^N^  
defect  毛病，缺陷 dXfLN<nD>U  
sunsea seed earth E!_3?:[S_  
sense理智 5th?m>  
sensibility  情感 t)1`^W}  
constitute  组成，构成 NfUt\ p*  
constitution宪法 Ec2;?pvd%J  
prostitute妓女，糟蹋 2RQ-L  
destitute   困穷的 6$[7hlE  
semen  精子 tuLNGU  
insemination  受精 R0%M9;>1
 
dissemination  传播 zy5F O<->  
sol  唯一的 t
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solo独奏，独唱 Uo71C4ev  
insulin胰岛素 tv26eK 38  
sQe GT)/|  
Section A #*:^\z_Jd  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, markedA, B, C, and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. ?w+ V:
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Section A nwh@F1|  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. _&/ {A|n  
1．we are all overwhelmed with morefacts and information than we can possibly ______ Px&_6}Y
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A．feed           B．maintain        C．absorb        D．consume a eeo
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2．pleasure, or joy, is vital to ______health. ~`C_B]3|  
A．optimistic     B．optional         C．optimal       D．operational ddyX+.LMk  
3．A ______ effort is required toachieve health. ( *Xn"o  
A．committed     B．restricted       C．composed  D．sophisticated Z Cjw)To(  
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4．A person's belief ______ and colorshis experience. [IQ|c?DxpL  
A．contradicts    B．shapes           C．summarizes    D．exchanges 9&5<ZC-D  
5．Many professors encourage studentsto question and ______ their ideas tw>2<zmSi%  
A．convey         B．voice             C．challenge       D．conform YT Zi[/  
6．You are healthy when are ______your outer and inner environments.
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A．in relation to                       B．with regard to uTxa5j  
C．in contrast with                     D．in harmony with > :IWRc2  
7．Good health is a spirited ______ ofenergy ,smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life. acR|X@\3  
A．texture       B．mix               C．burst          D．peak ^w.hI5ua)  
8．The ______ of emotional andpsychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide. %^pi  
A．formula        B．coverage          C．interval        D．spectrum J6AHc"k.  
9．Work is a ______ of satisfaction. k=hWYe$iAz  
A．measure        B．terminal         C．source         D．resource $Sgf jm  
10．If you ______ a heart-attack orstroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to staycalm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance. ~vFa\7sf  
A．find out      B．go into           C．pass by        D．come across IB/3=4n^|  
11．Today people still don't makehealth a(n) ______ because they have no time. K"H\gmV_g  
A．privilege      B．issue             C．principle       D．priority |4Q*4s  
12．Mental exercise can favorably ______the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one's bodilyproportions. La;GS  
A．modify       B．adjust            C．develop        D．contrast ~lys  
13．The distinctions between thedifferent schools and approaches are often very ______ fI613ww]  
A．subtle        B．sufficient         C．superficial.     D．superior 6'r8.~O  
14．Despite the limitations of astandard CT, it does a ______ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body. /i'078F  
A．supreme      B．superb           C．sufficient       D．superfluous '7-Yo Q  
15．The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ______ their garbage. VThr]$2Y  
A．break up     B．dispose of        C．check out      D．hand out "6$V1B0KW  
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Part B 5^u$zfR  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are fourother words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase thatwould best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted forthe underlined part. Mark your answer of the ANSWER SHEET. sUZA!sv  
16．The recent deterioration inthe economy is of great concern to the government. Y$ys4X  
A．depression   B．deficiency        C．degeneration   D．deformity NXU:b"G S  
17．A substantial hike in the top rateof income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation'salready waning support. QPJ\Iu@D$  
A．depreciating    B．warning          C．declining      D．startlingl %9J@##+  
18．He was not conspicuouslyhairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully inkeeping with his age. <(L@@.87R  
A．prominently.     B．warily            C．consciously    D．conventionally /
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19．The water company is obliged tomaintain a supply of wholesome water oJz2-PmX  
A．available      B．hydraulic.        C．balanced       D．hygienic. WQK<z!W5  
20．Smoking makes one six times morelikely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaultsthe tissues that line the mouth and throat. n/+X3JJ  
A．detects       B．contaminates     C．occupies       D．attacks 0 &zp
 
21．Most organisms must fit in withtheir surroundings because their skills to alter their environment arerestricted and highly specialized. I0Pw~Jj{  
A．attach themselves to               B．succumb to )'_[R@ThB  
C．lean on                             D．adapt themselves to ;b$P*dSG}  
22．Instead of being recycled, garbageis left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spreadinfectious diseases. MtLWpi u@[  
A．innocuous    B．gathering         C．filthy          D．inflammable.  ~VGnE:  
23．The prevalence of highlyintelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with mostdisabilities ,N.8  
A．disadvantages     B．dispositions     C．disappointment    D．discomforts =q4}(  
24．In general, lasers operate bycreating an intense amount of light and energy which is then convertedinto heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue. > ;,S||  
A．developed     B．reduced           C．transformed    D．decoded pP. _%5  
25．Shyness, the most common form ofsocial anxiety, occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they inhibithis making an expected or desired social response. [GLH8R  
A．discharge     B．trigger            C．restrain        D．defer `fu_){  
26．The secret to turning a dailystroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace. ZZw`8 E  
A．dilate         B．multiply         C．accelerate      D．enlarge [{znwK@  
27．How many people know that the term “arthritis”may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? R'Sd'pSDN  
A．disorder      B．knuckle          C．dislocation     D．therapy M tN>5k c  
28．Amokers are more prone toosteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopausewomen. 51#*8u+L  
A．reliable       B．liable            C．reasonable     D．compatible PobX;Z  
29．The project was hampered bya constant stream of visitors. FaL\6w  
A．held up      B．cut off           C．carried out    D．given up aAo|3KCs  
30．During the summer sessionthere will be a revised schedule of services for the university community. "s2_X+4oY  
A．term         B．climate           C．heat           D．portion z A,vp^  
D tsZP (  
Section A Kb.qv)6i*  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. o-,."|6  
31．An enormous number of people in theworld's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______ JzyCeM
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A．capacities       B．facilities       C．authorities       D．warranties ,
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32．Family-planing clinics give out ______advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families. ?|nl93m  
A．. insensitive     B．interrogative   C．contraceptive     D．communicative FXQWT9Kk~_  
33．Caffeine is the ______ drug thatwill just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus. !FEc:qH  
A．miracle          B．myth           C．trick             D．legend =~D? K9o  
34．Today investigators are still farfrom ______ a master map of the vasculature of the heart. Ss3p6%V/  
A．constituting     B．decoding      C．drafting          D．encoding -t`kb*O3`  
35．I have never seen a more caring, ______group of piople in my life. `MtzA^Xr  
A．emotional       B．impersonal     C．compulsory       D．compassionate a)_3r]sv^  
36．By the time I reached my residency,I ______ treated the patient as a whole human being. J2mHPVA3  
A．yearned for      B．broke into     C．pass for          D．made for. w^yb`\$  
37．We now obtain more than two-thirdsprotein from animal resources, while our grandparents ______ only one-half fromanimal resources. tpfgUZ{  
A．originated       B．digested        C．deprived          D．derived <2$vo  
38．Obesity carries an increased riskof ______. r$7.  
A．mortality       B．mobility      C．longevity        D．maternity "J VIkC  
39．The best exercise should requirecontinuous ______, rather than frequent stops and starts. ~#_~DqbMZ5  
A．compassion     B．acceleration   C．frustration       D．exertion C{exvLQ  
40．Environmental officials insist thatsomething be done to ______ acid rain. 0w?da~  
A．curb            B．sue            C．detoxify          D．condemn |'^s3i&w  
Section B 6h 0qtXn-  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. z@*E=B1L  
41．It would be wildly optimistic tobelieve that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland. 7!O"k#  
A．take in         B．make up       C．cut down        D．bring about pUIN`ya[[  
42．To begin with, it is impossible to comeup with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappymarriage. u3T-U_:jSV  
A．explain         B．oppose        C．represent        D．propose rRTKF0+  
43．Politicians often use emotionalrather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions andideas. S%SYvA  
ah>c)1DA*H  
A．applicable       B．favorable       C．sensitive         D．reasonable L/k35x8  
44．Tests are one way for a teacher to assesshow much a student has learned. 19 5_1?'<  
A．observe          B．appraise        C．appreciate         D．induce Y
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45．Through live television, the worldis now able to witness historical events as they happen. 73Dxf -  
A．reserve          B．confirm         C．perceive           D．transmit Sd+5Uf`
 
46．Most experts say that the new taxplan will have a negligible effect on the country's economic problems. _@5Xmr  
A．indefinite        B．indispensable      C．infinite           D．insignificant G%F#I  
47．I don't know how you could have leftout the most important fact of all. tXE/aY*I  
A．omitted          B．fabricated      C．pinpointed        D．embraced Gu;40)gm  
48．Family and cultural beliefs and normsare important predictors of health-seeking behavior. I?T !  
A．formulations    B．standards      C．principles.       D．notions
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49．There must be a systematic approachto retrieving notes and analyzing them. cVi_#9u"  
A．regain            B．relieving        C．reversing         D．rectifying ^
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50．To study the distribution ofdisease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. ,!= sGUQ)  
A．mark            B．allocate       C．erase             D．pose O4rjGTRF  
Xo PJ?63  
Part ⅡVocabulary(10%) LkbD='\=  
Section A e$ LC  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. $z=a+t *  
31．Sometimes you can get quite ______when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. F|%PiC,,qO  
A．frustrated         B．depressed         C．approved         D．distracted vJE=H9E  
32．The company has ______ itself to apolicy of equal opportunity for all. k>i88^kPV  
A．promised          B．committed         C．attributed        D．converted '4,?YcZ?S  
33．I haven't met anyone ______ the newtax plan.
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A．in honor of        B．in search of        C．in place of        D．in favor of Dj/Hz\  
34．Salk won ______ as the scientistwho developed the world's first effective vaccine against polio. P@y)K!{Nk  
A．accomplishment                         B．qualification EU(e5vO  
C．eminence                                D．patent xM())Z|2  
35．This software can be ______ to theneeds of each customer. ("`"?G  
A．tailored           B．administrated      C．entailed          D．accustomed kEh9J>|M  
36．The average commercial business canshut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn't dare, for lives are ______ RHsVG &<j  
A．in circulation      B．under consideration C．on hand          D．at stake m2SJ\1 J=  
37．As we need plain, ______ food forthe body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. D;sG9Hky  
A．wholesome       B．diet              C．tasteful          D．edible J;sQvPHV8  
38．He never gave much thought to the additionalkilorams he had ______ lately. BOpZ8p'eH1  
A．shown up         B．piled up          C．put on           D．taken on S{llpp{E  
39．The teacher tried hard to read ______handwriting in her students's test papers. +149 o2  
A．irregular          B．illiterate         C．illegible          D．irrational .1(_7!m@  
40．A coronary disease is thewidely-used term ______ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart. @@ j\OR  
A．denoting          B．donating          C．relating          D．resorting taDe^Istj  
Section B ( yLu=  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. <pp
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41．Humans are using up the world'snatural riches at an alarming rate. Aa-5k3:x]=  
A．appalling         B．appealing         C．alert             D．abnormal .QY>@b\  
42．Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria． Az8b_:=  
A．purified           B．multiplied         C．tainted           D．blended ;$tdn?|  
43．One of the most noticeable featuresof U. S society is the diversity of its people. 'qVlq5.  
A．liberty             B．democracy        C．variety           D．origin 2fdN@iruB  
44．The controversy aboutabortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twentyyears. L1_O!EQ  
A．resentment        B．consensus          C．notion            D．dispute *BxU5)O  
45．As human settlement advance, thetropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. =pzTB-
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A．retrieving         B．sprawling         C．consuming       D．withdrawing zMepF]V  
46．The war's impact on the populationof the country was catastrophic. sudh=_+>  
A．influential        B．disastrous         C．apparent         D．criticala y%|Ez  
47．His physican told him that not totake much of the drug because it was very potent. pZ $>Hh#  
A．bitter             B．irritant            C．effective         D．powerful -
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48．Certain drugs can cause transientside effects, such as sleepiness. ~M7X]  
A．permanent         B．residual.      C．irreversible       D．fleeting ys!O"=OJ  
49．Nervous illness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood. 3N]ushMO  
A．complain of       B．give rise to       C．originate in       D．dominate over RJ'za1@z;b  
50．Both a person's heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter. `]]m$  
A．form              B．correct             C．modify           D．improve ZYB5s~;eB"  
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Section A ZYY`f/qi  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. };rEN`L  
31．All the characters in the play are ______. H.hKh  
A．imaginable      B．imaginary        C．imaginative       D．imagining ZT"vVX-)G  
32．The judge           all the charges against Smith. Mmgm6{  
A．dismissed            B．eliminated      C．refused           D． discarded n=f?Q=h\3  
33．The actress ______ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. GQ85ykky  
A．ignored               B．ratified          C．drafted              D．violated pVl7]_=m  
34．At this time of the year,university admission offices are ______ with inquires from anxious applicants. 'oGMr=gp<&  
A．annoyed            B．thrilled         C． trampled          D．reproached J*ofa>  
35．When the former president ______her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. Tq^B>{S"  
A．enforced            B．endorsed          C．follow up          D．put forward y)fz\wk  
36．The country's highest medal was ______upon him for heroism. oGXcu?ft  
A．earned            B．bestowed            C．credited            D．granted @Nm{H  
37．The local government leaders aremaking every effort to ______ the problem of poverty. zWN]#W`  
A．tackle             B．taper            C．suppress           D．tangle f&F9ImZ  
38．At the party we found that the shygirl ______ her mother all the time. a@_n>$LZL  
A．harmonizing with                             B．clinging to )MV `'i  
C．depending on                                 D．adjusting to E-X02A  
39．We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______. SXXO#  
A．decline               B．ascend             C．descend              D．plunge daB5E<?  
40．Losing the job was bad, but evenworse was the feeling that I had ______ my dear wife and children. e*<pO@Uy  
A．let alone          B．let down        C．let off          D．let up i'Z nU55=  
Section B 6DEH|2  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET.
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41．The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. Sw{rNzh%$  
A．altitude             B．aptitude          C．latitude          D．longitude Q>z(!'dw  
42．She was so stubborn that shewouldn't change her opinions. 1mv5B t  
A．unwilling            B．talented           C．obstinate            D．determined 8M4GforP  
43．On Christmas Eve, she spent twohours decorating the room with flower chains. bHDZ=Ik  
A．modifying            B．ornamenting        C．disposing             D．packing @q|c|X:I  
3!KyO)8  
44．Nobody can stand for long agonyof a severe toothache. wLq#,X>%B  
A．sufferance      B．suppuration        C．plague                 D．torment 5M%)*.Y 3[  
45．When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. uE#"wm'J  
A．enlightened      B．calmed              C．provoked              D．moved 2 I.Q-'@  
46．Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. n2opy8J#!  
A．obliged         B．intelligible          C．competent            D．qualified JWQd6JQ_~V  
47．Tomorrow's match has been calledoff because of the foul weather. t4zKI~cO  
A．prevented          B．delayed            C．cancelled            D．forbidden |i(@1 l  
48．Losing his job was a financial catastrophefor his family. >b*}Td~J  
A．calamity           B．accident          C．frustration          D．depression {ZUgyGE{  
49．Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. )uCa]IR  
A．smart           B．efficient          C．painstaking         D．submissive @ &GA0;q0t  
50．While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family, others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline. 6(B[(Af  
A．mourn             B．delight           C．prosecute           D．condemn -+Ox/>k  
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