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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 'm1.X-$V  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 `B#Z;R  
  1 、医生 LR$z0rDEM  
  ① doctor, medical worker cNP/<8dq  
  ② physician 内科医生 3;BvnD7  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 {Jx7_T&  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 !7` [i  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 Kd{#r/HZ  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生   8Uj:  
/(%Ig,<"JC  
  2 、医院 q`loOm=y  
  ① hospital H%.zXQ4}n  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 Wu{&;$  
  The general hospital 普通医院 T]2U fi.  
  The community hospital 社区医院 :`<psvd  
  The public hospital 公立医院 6D*chvNA;  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ^('cbl  
  ② clinc 门诊 rsSue_Q  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 u`p_.n:5)  
  ③ ward 病房 @DCJ}h ud  
④ medical team 医疗队 a2 >[0_E  
4I.1D2 1jA  
3、 医疗手段 :1BM=_WwI  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 00,9azs  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗  tJ1-DoU  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 C "9"{  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis DrFur(=T  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 y1Z1= U*!  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | zW)gC9_|m-  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 ^teaJy%  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 {|p"; uJ  
(9)              TCM 中医 _jDS"  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 |Pf(J;'[  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 aL 8Gnqf2  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 RK;;b~  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 OgTSx  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Xvq^1Y?  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; DOT=U _  
CnQg*+  
  4 、医疗体制 -+ko}He  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 uwId  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 F1\`l{B,\  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 BP:(IP!&  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 t,1in4sN  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 >.n;mk  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 +>u>`|  
>KKeV(Ur  
  5 、医德 +q l  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 s`r-v/3l  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 O%prD}x  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 @kz!{g]Sn  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 /=q.tDH=I  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 e& p_f<  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 OWZS3Y+  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 NWb} OXK/  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people !5 ? m  
B(8mH  
  6 、病人 A3z/Bz4]:#  
  (1 )patient rAM *\=  
  (2 )the sick ) b/n)%6  
  (3 )the invalid Z@}sCZ=#A  
  (4) sufferer {s,^b|I2#U  
   r)OO&. P@j  
(二)疾病 [gpOu TW  
  1 、 患病的表达方式  oHOW5  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) {> wI8  
  (2) contract (v ) <D~6v2$  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ]7v81G5E  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 c6t2Q6zV  
sTt9'P`  
  2 、必知疾病名称 jYrym-  
  heart disease 心脏病 bo&\3  
  hypertension 高血压 G4O,^ v;Q  
  kidney problem 肾病 =Na/3\^WP  
  stroke 中风 :G^"e  
    shock 休克 nrF%w H/5  
  the blood pressure 血压 ('T4Db  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ok%EqO  
  obesity 肥胖 tB GkRd!  
  terminal illness 绝症 cT_uJbP+  
  incurable illness 不治之症 j\! ~9  
  cancer 癌症 = vY]G5y  
  tumor 肿瘤 CKx\V+\O  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 4,j4E@?pG9  
  emergency case 急症 Q.r B\8ea  
  serious illness 重症 FTbT9   
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 3?.6K0L  
  short breath 短气 9@( O\xr  
  syndrome 综合症 }/_('q@s\  
  complications 并发症 RcY6V_Qx  
  process 病程 :|?~B%-p[  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 n wY2BIB  
short-sighted (adj)近视 WH{cJ7wCL  
+F1]M2p]  
  3、传染病 uOyLC<I/  
  (1) 感染源 %2^['8t#NH  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 TvQWdX=  
  (2 )传染疾病 ^ze@#Cp  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 '}wG"0  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 {KW&wsI  
  infection contagion 传染病 j09mI$2y67  
  infectious diseases 传染病 wlm3~B\64  
  AIDS 艾滋病 2A dX)iF@  
  SARS ?whRlh  
  (3) 传染 2z.k)Qx!Z  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 >g5T;NgH9  
  block the channel (v) ,2=UuW"K  
  disseminate 传播 ;s}-X_O<  
cross infection 交叉感染 H=JP3ID>{  
y}(_SU  
  5 、疾病、病痛 `77;MGg*  
  illness 8r7/IGFg  
  sickness  jK ?  
  disease =2ATqb"$w  
  ailment #J%h!#3g  
suffering  y)N.LS  
/ t%"Dh 8x  
  6 、疾病的转归 b?+ Yo>yF8  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 sg!=Q+  
  recover recovery lB5[ #z  
  recuperate ,iA2s i  
  resume 1CF 7  
  recruit d\1:1ucV  
  reinstate D{&+7C:8.  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ^>P@5gcoE(  
  deteriorate 2vk8+LA(6  
  aggravate p ] $  
  exasperate PBP J/puW  
  make worse nU">> 1!U  
  worsen +v`^_  
   W~W?<%@  
    7、其他相关词汇 z9uEOX&2\  
  outbreak and spending Poylq] F  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 eBLHT  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 j*3sjOoC  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 sDh6 Uk  
  taboo 禁忌 epY;1,; >  
  speed up blood circulation (v) q4IjCu+  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) W4] 0qp`\  
  side effects 副反应 ^5zS2nm  
complain of 主述 FdK R{dX}  
9g^./k\8%  
   F4aJr%!\6S  
(三)药物 !&`7  
  1 、药物名称 ="[+6X  
  medicine b} q(YgH<  
  drug @_ tA"E  
  remedy G){1`gAhNJ  
  medicinal herbs ^Qb!k/$3y  
  power ?eg@ 7n  
  tablet N[?4yV2s  
pill %/,Uk+3p  
TJGKQyG$L  
  2 、药物用法 W3{5Do.h  
  开药 : ,r)d#8  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Gm?"7R.  
  write out a proscription :-jP8X  
  服药 3 T#3<gqM[  
  take a medicine {10+(Vl  
  治…的疾病 0z2R`=)  
a remedy for some diseases cqU/Y_%l'  
C&MqU j"]  
3 、其他相关词汇 Ns7l-mb  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ki/Lf4  
  side effects 副反应 ovRCF(Og,  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ]KII?{ <k  
  drugstore 药房 -wHGi  
  over the counter 非处方药 KgkB)1s@n  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 K^p"Z$$  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ZkG##Jp\>  
  prescription 处方 :<|fZa4!"  
  expenses for medicine 药费 J'oz P^N  
  charges for medicine JSP8Lu"n  
drug rebate 药品回扣 <L[)P{jn?p  
mi3q1npb7[  
   "PM:&v  
(四)心理疾病 T%b^|="@  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 ku8Z;ONeH  
  subhealth 亚健康 a*@Z^5f  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 Lgw@y!Llij  
  psychological problem 心理问题 8IcQpn#  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 W`rE\P  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 W8/6  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 81 Not  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ;:YjgZ:+Q]  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 Pg}G4L?H;J  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 MZ[g|o!)v  
psychological expert 心理专家 57%cN- v*  
 o=5uM  
  2 、情绪词汇 }Qu 7o  
  overcome YtKX\q^.  
  disappoint xL#oP0d<e  
  disappointed v2<gkCK^  
  shy , ,l"2MXD  
  flush ;qQzF  
  frustration KAaeaiD  
  failure yL,B\YCf8  
  willpower M& L0n%,y5  
  optimism '\qr=0aW  
  optimistic ]zAg6*-/B  
  be sensitive to v Cr$miZ  
  nervous $fG/gYvI\  
  tensional k!rz8S"  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic WWs>@lCK  
  confident confidence 09i[2n;O  
  stress pressure QR8 Q10  
  depress depressed P_%l}%   
  depression depressive w N.Jyb  
   !9Ni[8&Fg0  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 J?DyTs3 Z  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary A>S2BL#=  
   ,\"gN5[$(  
(五)肥胖与营养 Tl-B[CT  
  1 、营养物质 `_kRvpi  
  nutrient 营养素 ]C^*C|  
  protein 蛋白质 an@Ue7  
  fat 脂肪 SesO$=y  
  glucose 葡萄糖 J]e&z5c  
  vitamin 维生素 P40eK0 e6  
  sugar 糖类 *8+YR  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 =@ RVLml  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 zc5_;!t  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 7 |A,GH  
cholesterol胆固醇 n_Dhq(.  
$tJJ >"  
  2 、营养与饮食 '-qc \6UY  
  a well-balanced diet +/'jX?7x%  
  nutrition 营养 [0e mOS  
  nutritional 营养的 1:8: y FV  
ce\-oT  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ,GlK_-6>  
~heF0C _  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall z~al h?H  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase g*uO IF  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; |ouk;r24V  
4.       食品安全 food safety .N2Yxty8>  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies bC|~N0b  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to "lt[ )3*  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU D.~t#a A  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system L $~Id  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care /uWON4  
10.   服务体系service system A 4$rO,W/&0  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene 622).N4  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. ~[{| s' )  
13.   清淡的lite %WR  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet Yp8$0KK  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN R!=XMV3$PH  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 BeRn9[  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; jB;+tDC!Co  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease P-C_sj A7  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; ]KmYPrCl0  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion PSE![whK  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" f"Z2&Y@  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission \n5,!,A  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D n~h%K7 c  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate Gs%kqD{=  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness @RC_Ie=#)  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s $I'ES#8P6  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse PrCq JY  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to IpWl;i`__  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – |G1U $p  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver bvoR?D\-"  
31.   血压 hypertension tNjrd}8s  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon +mY(6|1  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 FY'f{gD^  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ bV"0}|A~K  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 uwbj`lpf  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ykZ)`E]P`  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Mqq7;w@(J  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations 8?PNyO-Wt5  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle PKP( :3|  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 n7 S[ F3  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people n@*NQ`(_  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent P%1s6fjU  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from  :S.0e  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to 4FYws5]$  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to GR"Jk[W9  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to _ ZJP]5  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 7y:J@fh<  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak hp)3@&T  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly 1:8ZS  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations .6r&<*  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon ]]Wa.P~]O  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate LNe- ]3wB  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy d8av`m  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances P! :D2zSH_  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance BwbvZfV|  
56.   退休养老金retirement n w* v%S   
57.   医疗改革health care reform O4 [[9  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity Ur_~yX]Mo  
59.   月经期menstrual period S iMF:~H-Yq#  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace  I"r*p?  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care lE /"  
62.   安乐死euthanasia k kY*OA  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill KN5.2pp  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! L~~;i'J  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient V0"UFy?i  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. TTS }, `  
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