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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 0413K_  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 Km9Y_`?  
  1 、医生 \5s #9  
  ① doctor, medical worker }tRY,f  
  ② physician 内科医生 1JXa/f+  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 3>t^Xu~  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 WYklS<B[  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 :RE .md  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 NWq>Z!x`  
/?wH1 ,  
  2 、医院 r|>a;n Y  
  ① hospital N-4k 9l1  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 _H+|Ic  
  The general hospital 普通医院 E u^? e  
  The community hospital 社区医院 v2uyn  
  The public hospital 公立医院 *6trK`tx^  
  The private hospital 私立医院 z rg#BXj7  
  ② clinc 门诊 l].Gz`L  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 @GpM 4>:  
  ③ ward 病房 |/R)FT#i  
④ medical team 医疗队 >5Rcj(-&l  
=E?!!EIq.  
3、 医疗手段 ]'2;6%. 4  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 }Ra'`;D$  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 _*I@ J/  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 $\ 0d9^)&  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis EGZ F@#N  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 Wp[R$/uT  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | dDAI fe2y  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 nK" XyZ&  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 KAucSd`  
(9)              TCM 中医 JToc ("V  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 RiY9[ec2  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 xsPE UK&g  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 %$)[qa3  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 YtzB/q8I  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 py9HUyr5eZ  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; .%D9leiRe  
%YI Xk1  
  4 、医疗体制 )L*6xTa~  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 l.#iMi(@p~  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 1q])"l"<  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 0jlwL  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 aP%2CP~_P  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 bvf}r ,`Q7  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 x2|YrkGv  
&vf%E@<  
  5 、医德 6[dLj9 G%  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 WW'8&:x  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 BrdHTk= Vy  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 u* I=.  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 s)=fs#%  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 Vt {uG  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 Ue>;h9 ^  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 gEVN;G'B<=  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people d-=RS]j;j  
qUH02" z@9  
  6 、病人 i'GBj,:  
  (1 )patient ` D0>L '  
  (2 )the sick ,t`u3ykh  
  (3 )the invalid cmpT_51~O  
  (4) sufferer f^P:eBgpx  
   *hhPCYOm  
(二)疾病 [Yo3=(7J  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 pvCf4pf~  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) cR/-FR  
  (2) contract (v ) wT;3>%Mtr  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 RTPxAp+\5  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 *Nv!Kuk  
-8j<`(M' 5  
  2 、必知疾病名称 _0~WT  
  heart disease 心脏病 T=/GFg'  
  hypertension 高血压 J^}w,r *=  
  kidney problem 肾病 r-27AJu  
  stroke 中风 koi QJdK  
    shock 休克 mN5`Fct*A>  
  the blood pressure 血压 <78]OZ] Z  
  diabetes 糖尿病 I! s&m%s  
  obesity 肥胖 80PlbUBb!  
  terminal illness 绝症 @x9DV{j)V  
  incurable illness 不治之症 ']nB_x7  
  cancer 癌症  tCT-cs  
  tumor 肿瘤 ?\_N*NEtK  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 4>q^W$  
  emergency case 急症 ~W h} W((L  
  serious illness 重症 "qL4D4  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 {fkW0VB;  
  short breath 短气 e-$ U .cx  
  syndrome 综合症 J. ]~J|K  
  complications 并发症 ]1A"l!yf  
  process 病程 qT`sPEs;V  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 F-!,U)  
short-sighted (adj)近视 s%tPGjMq  
]ne&`uO  
  3、传染病 B 7:8%r/  
  (1) 感染源 yY,O=yOjq  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 l,FK\  
  (2 )传染疾病 UjmBLXz@T  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 T[mo PD5  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 *?/9lAm  
  infection contagion 传染病 /O"IA4O  
  infectious diseases 传染病 Q>\y%&df  
  AIDS 艾滋病 l0c ws`V  
  SARS 5):2;hk  
  (3) 传染 gTz66a@i  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 8 *@knkJ  
  block the channel (v) `aY{$>$S  
  disseminate 传播 Lod$&k@@  
cross infection 交叉感染 !FhK<#  
K`!q1 g`  
  5 、疾病、病痛 TGnyN'P|  
  illness az7<@vSXi  
  sickness 65FdA-4  
  disease PP+{zy9Sb  
  ailment !!Tk'=t9"3  
suffering NB]T~_?]*  
,BM6s,\  
  6 、疾病的转归 S>~QuCMY  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 vkE[Ur>  
  recover recovery zx7*Bnu0  
  recuperate b*4[)Yg4  
  resume OtuOT=%  
  recruit Xrnxpp!#^D  
  reinstate Wc4K?3 ZM  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 :0BaEqX  
  deteriorate WeGT}  
  aggravate E.v~<[g  
  exasperate EK:!.Fl  
  make worse ~__]E53F  
  worsen =re1xR!E5  
   <wwcPe}  
    7、其他相关词汇 zGFo -C  
  outbreak and spending [V`j@dV  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 6T 2jVNg  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 +O23@G?x  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 0*^)n&O  
  taboo 禁忌 %-@`|  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 2-821Sf#h  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) >LxYP7M  
  side effects 副反应 bu"R2~sb  
complain of 主述 ADRjCk}I  
BsVUEF,N  
   d>:(>@wz  
(三)药物 yTw0\yiO  
  1 、药物名称 @L|X('i  
  medicine !Y_"q^5GG'  
  drug R}4o{l6  
  remedy BDY@&vF  
  medicinal herbs oo7&.HWf  
  power ZjLzS]\a  
  tablet ' >> IMF  
pill \s Fdp!M}2  
8Dpf{9Y-E  
  2 、药物用法 ITh1|yP  
  开药 : N!DAn \g  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases ay#cW.,  
  write out a proscription &9\z!r6mc  
  服药 L f[>U  
  take a medicine [@[!esC  
  治…的疾病 k%#`{#n i  
a remedy for some diseases WMBntB   
w\=zTHo88  
3 、其他相关词汇 v,r}q1.E}  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 %a+X\\v2  
  side effects 副反应 [.B)W);  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 qVC_K/w 7  
  drugstore 药房 TCp!4-~,  
  over the counter 非处方药 wo7.y["$  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 ed*Cx~rT  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ?RvXO'ml  
  prescription 处方 =If% m9  
  expenses for medicine 药费 7P9n. [  
  charges for medicine !zL 1XW)q  
drug rebate 药品回扣 :SG9ygq'  
k(o[T),_%0  
   g~.,-V}  
(四)心理疾病 %([$v6 y  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 JU:!lyd  
  subhealth 亚健康 dra'1E  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 0t5>'GYX  
  psychological problem 心理问题 wq_c^Ioy  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 UT [7 J  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 <1&kCfE&  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ADA%$NhJ!  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ~w Dmt  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 +%X_+9bd  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 >OE.6)'Rm  
psychological expert 心理专家 <qZXpQ#  
+@]1!|@(  
  2 、情绪词汇 NmST1pMk  
  overcome Y_>z"T  
  disappoint J[Y A1  
  disappointed J><O 51  
  shy , ?Li^X ONz  
  flush  vi4 1`  
  frustration ,TOLr%+v~n  
  failure KU-z;}9s  
  willpower IG`~^-}7lR  
  optimism jCW>=1:JGY  
  optimistic (J.(Fl>^  
  be sensitive to =t@m:  
  nervous '`"LX!"ZO  
  tensional V==' 7n  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic BGOI$,  
  confident confidence z(.$>O&6H  
  stress pressure P :lv Z   
  depress depressed ^Q!:0D*  
  depression depressive \2_>$:UoV  
   TzPx4L6?  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 IS&`O= 7  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary hNDhee`%6  
   ]~WP;o  
(五)肥胖与营养 wrqdQ} @(  
  1 、营养物质 G]P4[#5  
  nutrient 营养素 b cM#KA  
  protein 蛋白质 ~lDLdUs  
  fat 脂肪 C| Mh<,~ E  
  glucose 葡萄糖 &=HM}h  
  vitamin 维生素 u:HKmP;  
  sugar 糖类 DIk$9$"<x  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 Maa5a  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 H5&>Eny  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 7e8hnTzl8<  
cholesterol胆固醇 g,,cV+  
^iV@NVP  
  2 、营养与饮食 N->;q^  
  a well-balanced diet {_q2kk  
  nutrition 营养 "*7I~.7U(*  
  nutritional 营养的 Bs##3{ylu  
N.64aL|1  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 >,] # ~d  
20fCWVw}?}  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Ev^Xs6 }"  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase  L1F){8[  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; ADR`j;2  
4.       食品安全 food safety ?-i|f_`  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies & 1Y+ q]  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to Iewq?s\Fo  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU +?.,pqn<=  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 1B 1d>V$*  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care yjSN;3t71  
10.   服务体系service system A WEsH@ [  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene ^M80 F7  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. `Ch6"= t  
13.   清淡的lite lp 9<j1Wl  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet \O0fo^+U,,  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN I}q-J~s  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 m_Rgv.gE^  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; y&CUT:M6  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease gRFC n6Q  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; !;xE7w  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion <N*>9S,}  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" 2tbqmWw/s  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission bo*q{@Ue  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D lvN{R{7 >  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate ry T8*}o  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness q-RGplx  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s F#PJ+W*h  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse SH(kUL5  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to Stc\P]%d  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – MCCZh{uo  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver };j&)M  
31.   血压 hypertension *Q>:|F[vM  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon LBE".+  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 $"i690  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ BNy"YK$  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 {#%xq]r_  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health Gw./qu-W  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 3/AUV%+  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations ${+.1"/[  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle z(WpOD   
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 s]N-n?'G"  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people TH|hrL;:8  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent [1*/lt|+p  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from mQs$7t[>t  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to OGFKc#  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ) b10%n^  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to f*],j  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive kut|A  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak !_) ^bRd  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ;N\?]{ L  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations KV_Ga8hs  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon <<6w9wNon  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate +][P*/Ek  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy Z-|C{1}A  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances vI '>$  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance Xt =bc  
56.   退休养老金retirement n 5@$4.BGcF  
57.   医疗改革health care reform zfb _ )  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 05B+WJ1  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 3.X0!M;x  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 9/Dt:R3QU  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Y}uQ`f  
62.   安乐死euthanasia %wW5)Y I  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill &.hRVW(  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ~C'nBV  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient lzG;F]  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. c)MR+'d\WO  
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