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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 yVT&rQ"{  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 T:be 9 5!,  
  1 、医生 qi( &8in  
  ① doctor, medical worker lq~Gc M  
  ② physician 内科医生 f#*h^91x  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 Tw2Xe S  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 cR,'o'V/  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 Qk?jGXB>^  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 >?^~s(t  
SL6mNn9c  
  2 、医院 VEL:JsY  
  ① hospital KX0<j  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 $5ZR [\$  
  The general hospital 普通医院 -L+\y\F  
  The community hospital 社区医院 d1UVvyH  
  The public hospital 公立医院 oxUE79  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ,Y`'myL8W  
  ② clinc 门诊 3Cq6h;!#  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 `Af{H/qiI  
  ③ ward 病房 *>E I2HX  
④ medical team 医疗队 6 "BtfQ")  
}@3Ud ' Y  
3、 医疗手段 5x:Ift *  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 <f7?P Ad  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 .}IK}A/-  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 17J}uXA   
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis 4JX`>a{<  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 1"8Z y6t  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | h$E\2lsE  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 Mfnlue](  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 A8=e?%  
(9)              TCM 中医 \[Sm2/9v  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 >wz;}9v  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 k98< s  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 8[6ny=S`  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 bBkm]  >  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 .8u$z`j  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; >yV)d/  
]_^"|RJ  
  4 、医疗体制 .V5q$5j  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 'hwV   
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 [}W^4,  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 /'8*aUa  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 M/::`yJQu  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 {:};(oz)f  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 %8}WX@SB  
e5*5.AB6&  
  5 、医德 bE7(L $UF  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 blKDQ~T2  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 ]FY?_DGOA  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 e3yorQ][  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 _H~pH7WU  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 l _kg3e4  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 kj Lsk-  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 }aHB$}"!  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people l>3M|js@/  
8]cv&d1f  
  6 、病人 ZI2K-z'e  
  (1 )patient D\45l  
  (2 )the sick w%i+>\tO  
  (3 )the invalid rE1np^z7  
  (4) sufferer r+{!@`dYi  
   &X#x9|=&O  
(二)疾病 ?MV[=LPL  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 c t2_N  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) GsP@ B'  
  (2) contract (v ) vxbH^b  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 4*N@=v  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 r)9i1rI+  
mC{!8WC@k  
  2 、必知疾病名称 >j(I[_g  
  heart disease 心脏病 O" X!S_R  
  hypertension 高血压 bBeFL~  
  kidney problem 肾病 M\Uc;:) H  
  stroke 中风 )9A<fwpN  
    shock 休克 nU?Xc(Xy  
  the blood pressure 血压 V:,3O LL*  
  diabetes 糖尿病 C)&gL=O*$  
  obesity 肥胖 k2_6<v Z  
  terminal illness 绝症 i h`y0(<  
  incurable illness 不治之症 np' M4^E;  
  cancer 癌症 JL]k:i^`A  
  tumor 肿瘤 oSu|Yn  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 K d`l[56#  
  emergency case 急症 Q?Bj q>  
  serious illness 重症 o3TBRn,  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 Tg <>B  
  short breath 短气  eo<~1w  
  syndrome 综合症 @ @3)D%h  
  complications 并发症 5Re`D|8  
  process 病程 U47k5s(J  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ^;bGP.!p  
short-sighted (adj)近视 e%@[d<Ta\  
O'&X aaZV  
  3、传染病 qs8K jG@  
  (1) 感染源 L3G)?rPFC#  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 1CS]~1Yp:  
  (2 )传染疾病 X/;"CM  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 qG2\` +v  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 e~2*> 5\:  
  infection contagion 传染病 -fSKJo#}|  
  infectious diseases 传染病 *2m&?,nJ  
  AIDS 艾滋病 `X.=uG+m  
  SARS !P i? !  
  (3) 传染 t-<[._:+  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 @R-~zOv  
  block the channel (v) yS.fe[  
  disseminate 传播 ^kR^ QL$  
cross infection 交叉感染 {If2[4!z  
#35S7G^@`  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Fp|rMq  
  illness KAZkVL  
  sickness o}^vREO  
  disease .pu`\BW>  
  ailment [2j (\vC!  
suffering : PjUl  
&LxzAL,3!  
  6 、疾病的转归 v8fZ?dx  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 CR<pB)F?a  
  recover recovery PS<tS_.  
  recuperate "y ,(9_#  
  resume ThQEQ6y  
  recruit \3Ald.EqtM  
  reinstate +sbacMfq  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 >dC(~j{  
  deteriorate R^O)fL0_  
  aggravate 7Caap/L:  
  exasperate U+A(.+d.  
  make worse 7u3b aM  
  worsen ;<)-*?m9  
   ;@-5lCvC(+  
    7、其他相关词汇  9DAwC:<r  
  outbreak and spending >`V|`Zi ?  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 Pc ?G^ Xol  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 3\l9Sf=M|  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 6o23#JgN  
  taboo 禁忌 NeZYchR  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 3bL2fsn5  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) Oy`\8*Uy__  
  side effects 副反应 <EN[s  
complain of 主述 :;u]Y7  
^aM/BS\  
   ,^[37/S  
(三)药物 6]A\8Ty  
  1 、药物名称 Y0C<b*!"ST  
  medicine @y2Bq['  
  drug soK_l|z:J  
  remedy =y/ Lbe}:  
  medicinal herbs t4W0~7   
  power bN %MT#X  
  tablet 7Ki7N{K t  
pill 6C}Z1lZl  
nE.s  
  2 、药物用法 ?O^:j!C6  
  开药 : #yOY&W:N  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 0`zq*OQ  
  write out a proscription F?Nk:# V  
  服药 Ybiz]1d  
  take a medicine `erQp0fBM  
  治…的疾病 /P}tgcs  
a remedy for some diseases bvvx(?!  
I9&<:`  
3 、其他相关词汇 a m%{M7":7  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 O3GaxM \x  
  side effects 副反应 X2kLbe  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 g{{SY5qDj  
  drugstore 药房 5WG@ ;K%  
  over the counter 非处方药 ^?`,f>`M  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 LM`#S/h  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 skArocs  
  prescription 处方 K?eo)|4)DB  
  expenses for medicine 药费 v65r@)\`  
  charges for medicine Qp Vm  
drug rebate 药品回扣 1 SZa\ ][@  
D4T+Gk"n  
   +g30frg+Gl  
(四)心理疾病 y[eN M6p  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 0nn# U  
  subhealth 亚健康 -OAH6U9^  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 G _o4A:2  
  psychological problem 心理问题 F.hC%Ncu  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 GQ8P}McA  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 b6VAyTa  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 3g?T,| 2K  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 CjCnh7tm  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 93,ExgFt  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 Kep?=9r4+  
psychological expert 心理专家 O^ hV<+CX  
fA5# 2P{  
  2 、情绪词汇 O%{>Zo_<  
  overcome eSf: [^  
  disappoint ]5CFL$_Q{  
  disappointed ?,[w6O*  
  shy , mZ%\`H+  
  flush co|0s+%PBq  
  frustration \zU R9h  
  failure zyE yZc?  
  willpower >@o*v*25  
  optimism JKGZ0yn  
  optimistic yo=d"*E4^  
  be sensitive to G})mw  
  nervous Ar_/9@n  
  tensional ah.Kb(d:  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic 'Z[R*Ikzq  
  confident confidence j- -#vEW  
  stress pressure >Ww F0W9?  
  depress depressed Lj#6K@u@Z  
  depression depressive ){Y2TWW&0  
   P:o<kRj1  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 lPQH_+)Z"  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary l%O-c}X  
   A{k @V!A%  
(五)肥胖与营养 DX|kO  
  1 、营养物质 $}829<gh7  
  nutrient 营养素 spf}{o  
  protein 蛋白质 okW3V}/x/z  
  fat 脂肪 A@4Cfb@  
  glucose 葡萄糖 @ NF8?>!  
  vitamin 维生素 "(5}=T@,  
  sugar 糖类 y\:2Re/*Jt  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 n.)-aRu[  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 K{c^.&6D  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 [O3R(`<e5  
cholesterol胆固醇 `u-}E9{  
z"-Urd^O  
  2 、营养与饮食 W$&Q.Z  
  a well-balanced diet ]PFc8qv{  
  nutrition 营养 ]lo O5  
  nutritional 营养的 W{`;][  
F-nt7l  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 P_;oSN|>  
.F]6uXd  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall biJU r^n  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase ZE9*i}r  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; Og["X0j  
4.       食品安全 food safety 1+^c3Dd`  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies a8N!jQc_m  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to DN!EsQ6  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU c/s'&gG33z  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system au8) G_A  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care H;^6%HV1  
10.   服务体系service system A \+,jM6l}-  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene l6O2B/2j  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. R_^:<F0  
13.   清淡的lite .{Xi&[jw  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet jj^CW"IB  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN FnCHbPlb  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 !,\]> c  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; &W ~,q(  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease V'9 k;SF  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; $ }&6p6|  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion JeO(sj$e  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" rsP1?Hxq  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission M]&9Kg3   
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D O9 qEKW)a  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate $GcVC (]  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness rod{77  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s 1|zo -'y  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse <$UY{"?  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to Y+D#D v |  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – s Ce{V*ua  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver a.q =  
31.   血压 hypertension 1X=}  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon s]}P jh8  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 /N~.,vf  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ^Zg"`&E  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 7^ER?@:W  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health l2$6ojpo  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds :V 8 \^  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations b,s T[!X[  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle C EAwQH  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 MbF.KmV  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people  Qq>M}  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent )y._]is)b  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from V,lz}&3L  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to 6tj  +  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to @<;0 h|  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to ?oP<sGp  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive U@DIO/C,m`  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak >=$( ,8"  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly LLCMp3qBz  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations  Xji<oih  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon L-vy,[9)[*  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate # sm>;+J  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy r,aV11{  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 6Xbo:#  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance {p-&8-  
56.   退休养老金retirement n yMB*/vs  
57.   医疗改革health care reform )BmK'H+ l  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity -ich N/U]s  
59.   月经期menstrual period S ]+Ik/+Nz  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace B^Fe.ty  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 5Z @OgR  
62.   安乐死euthanasia ?%(:  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill }\?UmuolQ  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! <#k(g\/R  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient My vp PW  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. tY'fFz^Ho  
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