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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 96^1Iv d  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 U/ v"?pg[  
  1 、医生 0DW'(#`  
  ① doctor, medical worker bF8xQ<i~Y  
  ② physician 内科医生 Al;%u0]5  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 4OB~h]Vc  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 0|qx/xo|-  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 &9GR2GY  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 !nqm ;96  
Oa3=+_C~$1  
  2 、医院 a`GN@ 8  
  ① hospital -hJ>wGI  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 v\r7.l:hf  
  The general hospital 普通医院 HCn ]#  
  The community hospital 社区医院 ft. }$8vIT  
  The public hospital 公立医院 f"OA Zji  
  The private hospital 私立医院 \M1M2(@pDJ  
  ② clinc 门诊 G Yy!`E  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 $ M[}(m  
  ③ ward 病房 +h9l %Pz  
④ medical team 医疗队 k(vEp ]  
osgS?=8  
3、 医疗手段 S<bz7 k9  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 J,77pf!B  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 { "@b`  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 "a%ASy>?g  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis VTgbJ {?  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 \i;~~;D  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | IP4b[|ef  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 ba)YbP[  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 Vlxb<$5Nh  
(9)              TCM 中医 XCi]()TZ_  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 4>wIF}\  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 h9OL%n 7m'  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 q9]^+8UP  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 D A)0Y_  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 cTIwA:)D  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; EwBN+v;)  
8KELN(o$ 7  
  4 、医疗体制 I~5fz4Q  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 ?e|:6a+[f  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 6Cv2>'{S  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 xS\QKnG.  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 qLi1yH  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 {s^ryv_}  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 SlJ/OcAf#  
}ok nB  
  5 、医德 % oL&~6l$  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 f]6` GsE  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 jl0Eg  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 l:Xf(TLa  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ht )*Ync  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 e]B<\i\T  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 "91At b;hJ  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 =|&"/$+s  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 9n\#s~,  
oYm{I ~"  
  6 、病人 h|uP=0   
  (1 )patient -:p1gg&  
  (2 )the sick 86 /i~s  
  (3 )the invalid ]fS~N9B  
  (4) sufferer w[vIPlSdS  
   b0=AQ/:  
(二)疾病 T:~W.3  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 xdU pp~}+.  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) kc']g:*]Y  
  (2) contract (v ) |oi49:NXn  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 VRP.tD  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 !4.^@^L|\  
(s*Uz3 sq  
  2 、必知疾病名称 r9'H7J  
  heart disease 心脏病 kL2sJX+  
  hypertension 高血压 >b](v)  
  kidney problem 肾病 F(fr,m3  
  stroke 中风 dY` J,s  
    shock 休克 4n)Mx*{  
  the blood pressure 血压 \gv x)S11  
  diabetes 糖尿病 qc"/T16M]  
  obesity 肥胖 /[dAgxL  
  terminal illness 绝症 TmAb! Y|F  
  incurable illness 不治之症 JN-8\ L  
  cancer 癌症 ]-L E'Px|  
  tumor 肿瘤 gy`qEY~B&  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 _u5U> w  
  emergency case 急症 IH:Cm5MV  
  serious illness 重症 bdhgHjz  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 , .F+x}  
  short breath 短气 S|w] Q   
  syndrome 综合症 n}kz&,  
  complications 并发症 &g>+tkC  
  process 病程 ) hB*Hjh  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ?+L6o C.;  
short-sighted (adj)近视 v]S8!wU  
M)Q+_c2*  
  3、传染病 swbD q  
  (1) 感染源 <2A'   
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 >(a_9l;q  
  (2 )传染疾病 W)O'( D  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 7J/3O[2  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 m q9 &To!  
  infection contagion 传染病 QV1%Zo u  
  infectious diseases 传染病 ^Tmmx_Xw  
  AIDS 艾滋病 s yvi/6  
  SARS Pw.+DA  
  (3) 传染 xoaQ5u  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 KguFU  
  block the channel (v) IQ8AsV&'C  
  disseminate 传播 >?<d}9X  
cross infection 交叉感染 ]uf_"D  
u1<kdTxA N  
  5 、疾病、病痛 K)OlCpHc  
  illness (FHh,y~v  
  sickness d0 az#Yg!  
  disease } q(0uzaG  
  ailment ~qH@Kz\%  
suffering ^bGi_YC  
plAt +*&  
  6 、疾病的转归 #$E vybETx  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 +0DIN4Y(4  
  recover recovery `R^VK-=C  
  recuperate $'Z!Y;Ue  
  resume ]gZjV  
  recruit DGnswN%n1  
  reinstate RZjR d  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 B^ {DCHu/  
  deteriorate P.0-(  
  aggravate gUcE,L  
  exasperate [#tW$^UD  
  make worse y:L|]p}huE  
  worsen $.kYAsZts  
   aum,bm/0J  
    7、其他相关词汇 B$G8,3,:  
  outbreak and spending !8$}]uWP  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 U&NOf;h$  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 `}bUf epMJ  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 x?kZD~|{)  
  taboo 禁忌 cD\Qt9EI  
  speed up blood circulation (v) < |4j<U  
  improve the cardiac functions (v)  O>3'ylBQ  
  side effects 副反应 SV~xNzo~  
complain of 主述 #3S/TBy,  
)UeG2dXx7  
   `e bB+gI  
(三)药物 =cQw R:):  
  1 、药物名称 1\2 m'o  
  medicine qhtc?A/0}  
  drug :/3`+&T^/  
  remedy \yqiv"'  
  medicinal herbs gOkO8P6P8  
  power p4[W@JV  
  tablet 5FMKJ7sC9  
pill X}ZOjX!  
(#:Si~3  
  2 、药物用法 _YY) -H  
  开药 : rk~/^(!  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 0\m zGfd  
  write out a proscription yDKX,  
  服药 XEuv aM  
  take a medicine 2#R"#Q!  
  治…的疾病 sOJ~PRA  
a remedy for some diseases 9we=aX5  
5Ql6?U HD  
3 、其他相关词汇  4@5<B  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ]u:NE'0Xy  
  side effects 副反应 IJ0RHDod:  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 {hl_/ aG  
  drugstore 药房 zh6so.  
  over the counter 非处方药 *cd9[ ~  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 :+6m<?R)T  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 #8`G&S*  
  prescription 处方 Ze~\=X" "  
  expenses for medicine 药费 `S VR_  
  charges for medicine FUH1Z+9  
drug rebate 药品回扣 1/gh\9h  
s"'1|^od  
   ?]})Xf.A  
(四)心理疾病 *f[`Yv  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 i{,>2KVC|  
  subhealth 亚健康 h m"B kOA  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 f ZISwr  
  psychological problem 心理问题 rUyT5Vf  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 Wc)^@f[~<  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 n;MoMGnPh,  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 QCjmg5bf'7  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 `*slQ }i  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 IuTTMAt  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 55AG>j&41  
psychological expert 心理专家 T^79p$  
^!}lA9\gY  
  2 、情绪词汇 Wbc % G8  
  overcome zR/ATm] 9  
  disappoint AXJC&O}`  
  disappointed H: U_k68  
  shy , hP|5q&wX  
  flush `0so)2ty+  
  frustration @ }[)uH  
  failure lr|-_snx2  
  willpower j\ )Qn 2r  
  optimism dx~F [  
  optimistic <}e<Zf!  
  be sensitive to U$-FQRM4K  
  nervous wOOPuCw?  
  tensional SY)o<MD  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic C|>#|5XaF  
  confident confidence wwF20  
  stress pressure Wima=xYe\5  
  depress depressed & MAIm56~  
  depression depressive b)df V=  
   rm2TWM|  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 BtjsN22  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ]-0 &[@I4@  
   Sd{>(YWx~  
(五)肥胖与营养 `a<G7  
  1 、营养物质 WjA)0HL(  
  nutrient 营养素 (5atU |8r  
  protein 蛋白质 k1]?d7g$w  
  fat 脂肪 ]o _ Ps|  
  glucose 葡萄糖 z`/v}'d[X  
  vitamin 维生素 Q:%gJ6pa  
  sugar 糖类 '&UX'Dd~Q  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 &<L+;k~P%  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 inp=-  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 yy%J{;  
cholesterol胆固醇 !QYqRH~ 5  
Rk"_4zJk  
  2 、营养与饮食 X3'z'5  
  a well-balanced diet l_$~~z ~  
  nutrition 营养 z<)?8tAgq  
  nutritional 营养的 n#m )]YQC  
V-t!  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 1z{Azp MZ  
3:S Ex;d+  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall =7Nm= 5@  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase U|iSJ%K  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; .vwOp*3\  
4.       食品安全 food safety m,Os$>{Ok  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies rjfQ\W;}U  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to #Mi>f4T;  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU taI])  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system U JY`P4(  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care $UKV2c  
10.   服务体系service system A C  <]rY  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene H<"{wUPT0  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. pbAQf3  
13.   清淡的lite ,HR~oT^  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet L;>tuJY1  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN BpRQG]L  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 &yWl8O  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; /1t(e. _  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease qH$G_R#)8B  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; ^uC1\!Q1  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 7G!SlC X}W  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" ^[lg1uMW  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission JYs *1<  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 5fM/y3QPsZ  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate d{I|4h  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness qFt%{~a S  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s DBbm M*r  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse ct fKxGH  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to hekAics6S  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – K-(,,wS  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ?}bSQ)b  
31.   血压 hypertension &YDb/{|CIC  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon -9\O$I-3  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 {HlUV33O  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ TdG[b1xN  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 a:7"F{D91  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ')}$v+ 9h  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds /<Zy-+3  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations !634 8nU:  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle 's(0>i  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 m%'9zL c  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people LPvyfD;Zy  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent \/. Of]YQ  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 0`3ey*  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to ;XZ5r|V}  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to {y)s85:t  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to XGk8Ki3w  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive e(6g|h  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 4eha jK  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly [="moh2*f  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations fI t:eKHr  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon ak;fCx&  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate P5%DvZB$w  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy `[C8iF*Y"  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances s[SzE6eQ`l  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance (uD(,3/Cw  
56.   退休养老金retirement n @$F(({?  
57.   医疗改革health care reform jgs kK  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity d&n0:xOc  
59.   月经期menstrual period S  #Z"N\49  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 9 %,_ G.  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care EN+WEMro  
62.   安乐死euthanasia C;OU2,c,T  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill +wY3E*hU  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! T= ox;r  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient q(\$-Dk.Vv  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. >hRYsWbmg  
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