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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题 ,*9gy$
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注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。 YIIc@)
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) *Jt+-ZM
Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose f8UJ3vB
from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the ;*+H&
underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that OXl0R{4
can beat complete the sentence in question.
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Section I 2[1t
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1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food u^Ktz
DmL
from large animal carcasses 4$mtc*tzT
!,Cbb }
A. destroy 9D,!]
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B. identify C. remove <gFisc/#r
Hj `\Fm*A
D. compare
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2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and 4MzPm~Ct
highways as well as with urban affairs j0Cj&x%qF}
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A. outlandish +!:=Mm
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B. remote OZz!8-|wE
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C exempted D. exclusive pp{p4Z
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3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or [}l 90 lP
soap-making cither would do. `|v/qk7
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A. advantageous B. convenient .A_R6~::
[~G1Rz\h
C. identifiable mb%U~Na
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D. equivalent 9d( M%F
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4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on b5KK0Jjk
Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened *WFd[
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:
A. continuation 9`"#OQPn1
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B. beginning C. expansion D. outcome ufw[Ei$I:
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5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North $A/?evJi8R
America were formed } *C
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A. melted 3-1a+7fD
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.a
B. advanced -XK;B--c
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C evaporated lk
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D. exploded fBz|-I:k
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6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of Ai^0{kF6
money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street ,w9|?%S
barrows ]:']
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A. a fortune B. a dime KK6z3"tk5
D`'Cnt/
C. much
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D. quite lot ZitmvcMk
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7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres ;volBfv
of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. .jC5 y&
%B1)m A;
A. lawfully _O11SiP]
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B. subsequently t.VVE:A^%
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C. randomly so/0f1R?~
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D. mercilessly z 0zB&}
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8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension V[]Pya|s+
plans each year. UUZm]G+
A. nongovernmental B. unauthorized o:"(\$
9V&+xbR&
C. confidential *//z$la
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D. nontransferable j6$@vA)
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9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are /
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Dormant !b4AeiL>w
hA1B C3
A. uncharted W/ WP }QM
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B. unpredictable v6Y[_1
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C. minor CR2.kuM0~
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D. inactive 02tN=}Cj)
M"{*))O\-c
10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to e Y^zs0
the fine blood vessels. Vm8dX?
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A. independent of B. near <RbfW'<G
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C. obscured by u*uHdV5
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D. within p1i}fGS
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11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. %hZX XpuO
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A. critical ,O-_Pv
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B. unusual 4${3e
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C. persistent h)j#?\KYm9
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D. unexpected hJSWh5]
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12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American 3&{6+ A
Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from qvGmJN0
all the others. On!+7
is'
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A. prospect Otq1CD9
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B. stages Iw(
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C. aspect PvjZoF["
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D. activity 9xw"NcL
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13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the `/N={
outer ear from the inner ear. %{:pBt:Z
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A lightly tinted xE!0p EHd
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B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made S>*i\OnI'
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14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 _:5t~29
was foolish. )Td{}vbIh
3c wBPqH
A. requiring a$^)~2U{
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B. sending C. buying D. applying ?P>4H0@I+
iPWr-
15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that 0_+
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prevail in the forests. KiKw,@
A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend B<qsa QG
16. In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to ME]89 T&
facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. Ef?|0Gm
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A proscribing B. protruding '!?t+L%gO
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C. provoking ~ QohP`_
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D. protracting "XLtrAu{
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17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light K`<HZK
passes. Hy,""Py
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A. in addition to B. in spite of C. because of @
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D. with regard to JZ5 ";*,
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18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey. dKU:\y
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A. attacker t?PqfVSq
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B. nourishment C. enemies KfZb=v;-l
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D. victims Qo^(r$BD
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19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, tCGx]\
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A. absurd mf{M-(6'
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B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable Meep
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20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically EU|IzUjFj|
wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? oaPWeM+
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A. only -Q
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B. at least C. exactly t1J3'lS
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D. fewer than $cJ fdE
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Section II (20%) #Ktk[ "6
21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy. _xm<zy{`S
A. when scientists began to appreciate .Tq8Qdl
B. did scientists begin to appreciate \9`
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C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate cHT\sJo`l
D. the appreciation of scientists began DC1.f(cdR
22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about =SeQ- H#
ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. P!IA;i
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A. widely used it Kb{&a
C. which widely used 6S3D#SY
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B. was widely used Tsb}\
D. widely used \7*|u
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23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office 0|j44e}
____ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. D86F5HT}}
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A. was administered wEX<[#a-
C. was accomplished 0uW)&>W
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B. being directed J(/J;P
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D. of administration was s[h;9
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24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.
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A. when w42{)S"
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B. while /|UbYe,
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C. and @}!?}QU
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D. because CPcUB4a%#
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25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of ps,Kj3^T<
Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. o~9*J)X5i
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A. As -]u>kjiIT
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B. Despite ;Wk3>\nT-
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C. Though S[/udA
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D. In case AT3HHQD
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26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too. CW8YNJ'
A. increased B. brought about C. evolved D. resulted %_p]6doF
27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park ZTfW_0
surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.
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A. located +cmi?~KS*
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B- secluded 4s_5>r4
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C formed D. spotted &X`
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28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the Ic!x y
North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. E
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A. in increase attention Zn)o@'{}{
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B. with increasing attention v6uRzFw
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C. with attention increasing |<oqT+?i
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D. in attention ze5#6Vzd&
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29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes &P35\q
occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. Z]k@pR !
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A. have brought about pTTM(Hrx
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B. had set up Sz1 J4$5
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C have established D. had put up j*f\Z!EeZ
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30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one 3tkCmB
another and ___ where we in society. .~rg#*]^
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A. to determine Hm|N{
=
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B. determine m,]9\0GUd
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C. to the determination }mUb1b
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D. by determining .XkVdaX
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31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in ,\RR@~u'
the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. {L.uLr_?e
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A. with 7+X~i@#rU
AKk&
B. in Y)(yw \&v
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C. by _bgv +/
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D. at /J&DYxl":
3Z#WAhfS:
32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were zf^|H%
~^
fewer calories in every slice. ^kz(/c/ ?
A. message B. the message C. messages D. information M1*bT@6
33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other 5)h fI7{d
institutions in society. |z:4T%ES
A. being as more firmly B. as more firmly kl9~obX
1
C. as being more firmly D. as is more firmly Un
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34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing :rjfAe=s
expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. vP? T
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A was YV@efPy}n
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B. because AS;qJ)JfzQ
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t
C. to which |(PS
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D. an "h7Dye
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35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when { w sT
exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. ]6A wd A
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A. from becoming B. becoming VYO1qj
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C. to become D. to becoming `<M>"~W
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36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____” G43r85LO
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A. statement )c'E9ZuZ>d
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B. lesson C. proverb D. precept cGdYfi
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37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, RwOOe7mv
_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. .Y^cs+-o
A but that B. though C. however D. therefore 8UqH"^9.Q7
38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, tpO'<b
often numbering in the hundreds. y)CvlI
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A. Even !jSgpIp
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B. Why f86Z #%
+{V`{'
C. Although 0BhcXHt
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D. Nevertheless J@6j^U
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39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. #ye`vD
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A Plants are widely spaced gBc
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B. The wide spacing of plants F4==a8
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C. The spacing of plants is wide Mb 4"bDBsl
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D. Plants to be spaced widely c3g`k"3*`
gK({InOP
40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, }YFM40H
_____interrupt previously continuous layers. p^<(.+P4
F=1 #qo<?
A. by which L8Tm8)
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B. which it _OuNX.yrG
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C. where they D. thus it ?{B5gaU9F
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Part Two Translation 7)r]h?
Section I (From English into Chinese) D^US2B
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined nf 8V:y4
sentences into Chinese. (20%) ,mp<<%{u
(1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F.
"}*D,[C5e
Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog 2WFZ6
computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. nco.j:
“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on ZxwrlaA
analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments. hDJG.,r
(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so
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programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad ;98b SR/
experience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of TsK!36
cg
Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placed iv *$!\Cd
in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the .F 6US<]
only path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around K!&W} _@l
running into one wall after another. Eventually,by repeated try and error, it will Gd%i?(U,R
locate the cheese. fOH
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If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without Mu[lk=jC
hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if 6-_g1vq
its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders
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only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that 9,INyEyAL
have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former Zpkd8@g@
arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. 7 mCf*|
(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking ,Zn6T"[$
done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have T(?w}i
the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the HfVHjF)
basis of its own experience. z!3=.D
Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. o{,IO!q
The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the *gwlW/%Fz
other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At 8j#S+=l>
any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything — not ye t Whether it V
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ever will is still an open argument HXKM<E{j
SectionII (From Chinese into English) metn&
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined ~-A"j\gi"
sentences into English. (20%) d*d:-f~q
在中国的西北边陲,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使 r89AX{:
命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。 l|WFS
(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制,战士却不穿军装,从事生产建设 。 Nz2V aZ
(7)兵团成立 45 年来,百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树,创建设了 172 toPbFU'
个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘, D5c
8sB
兵团创建了“人进沙退”的奇连,他们的存在,使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色 :1*E5pX0n
的“界碑”. -orRmn6}
(8)45 年前,驻新藏中国人民解放军 10 万零 5 千官兵就地转业,成立新疆军区生产建设 T&'Jc
兵团。从 60 年代初开始,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来,大批的知识 育年抅入兵 S<i1t[E@W
团,他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍,也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵 O.B9w+G=
始加入这个行列. 4C3_gm
今天,我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里,每—个老 <4G
y~?
战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. [ *Dj:A)V^
(9)“新疆占袓国版图的六分之一,我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原!”这是 张仲 %cSx`^`6j
翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话,也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。 @6'~RD.
兵团官兵节衣缩食,艰苦奋斗,用节约下来的钱购买家具,在戈壁荒原上开辟出了 — [=(8yUV'G
个个绿洲:使历史上被称为“死亡之海”的塔里木盆地的边缘,变成了稻谷跃香鱼 满塘 S3Y.+. 0U
的“塞外江南”。 e El)wZ,A
不久前,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬 zE
/l
说:(10) “这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发,这是中国人的一个伟大创举,也是世界 j$q5m 24L
的一个奇迹。” I0zx'x)F
kAEq +{h
Part Three Writing (20%) OlCqv-B2&
Directions: ?{ExBZNa
Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING s9+):,dKP
Time limit 50 minutes B$2b=\
Word Limit: 250 — 200 words V,rc&97
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. R)66qRf
Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. o>8~rtl
OUTLINE: vIJ5iLF
1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges SQ,-45@W
2. Causes of examination cheating a5#G48'X
3. My comments |s!
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