考博英语语法重点总结 iXr`0V
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 :N+K^gI)
独立主格特征 )-TeDIfm
1. 充当句子的状语。 os "[Iji
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 TnMVHO-
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 s)`1Rf
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） g:uaI
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. h0S y'] 3m
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. LB64W ;#h
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). Jnu}{^ ~
真题剖析 / ut~jf`
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. #h
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because RT_Pd\(qD
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. I/ e2,
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 9$4/frd
虚拟语气 ^8f|clw"
虚拟语气（2） 5qeS |]^`
1. （should）+动词原形 7zJh; f/
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ;?HZ,"^I
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 E=tx.h4xG~
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 wr;|\<c
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 2A18hP`^
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ]%Q]C
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would rather +动词过去式
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真题剖析 _]PfeCn:j
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … < 4EB|@E
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 2*7s 9g
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 1l `s1C
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ja,L)b :
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. z7us*8X{
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take {p lmFV
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. L_zmU_zD
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) lj S R?:\
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should JXy 667_
非谓语动词 gkq RO19
动名词、分词、不定式。 yM#trqv5
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) b ] qfcV
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) )hZ}$P1
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ]JCB^)tM
真题剖析 5P t}
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. r|H!s,
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops aXid ;v,
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 1r:fxZO\Vd
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative q$2ta G}
主谓一致 -Fw4;&>
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 }${ZI
How you got there doesn’t concern me. !CMVZf;u
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Ckl]fy@D}
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 )yH#*~X_
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 9(evHR7
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 "YvBb:Z>
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 _<~Vxz9
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). hB<z] sl
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {ZYCnS&?CL
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. l0bT_?LhK
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) *oJ>4S
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 6!=9V0G~
He no less than John is interested in literature. OZ]3OL,
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) @5@{Es1u
Either my father or my brothers are coming. |;1:$E "
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 `2U/O .rV
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. W p
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真题剖析 X
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. v+2q R0,LM
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some Fi=8B&j
倒装 2"K~:Tm#w
全部倒装 ?\$/#zak
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” L ]'CA^N
There stand big buildings in this district. mZ&Mj.0+~
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. c oz}VMp
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) *)SgdC/f
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. b#'a4j-u
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 I:7,CV
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. MX_a]$\ :n
4. 表语位于句首 R20GjWy=
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. HpC4$JMm
Not far from here is a famous university. JEkVj']?
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 a8U2c ;
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ~ ?_Z !eS
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. a2FIFWvW
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 8jx1W9=`9[
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. hfc!M2
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部分倒装 k/Ro74f=
1. 疑问句 2DQC)Pe+z
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） >k-poBw
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ~PAn
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 aN3{\^
Only when he comes back can be leave. D:,<9
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 # nhAW
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. FeMu`| 2
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) /LzNr0> 2
By no means should you break the rules. ti%
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. a{,t@G
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) R 6Lr]H
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ]x\w P7x
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. R [t[M}q
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
