考博英语语法重点总结 gLaFIeF<+
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 B+ud-M0
独立主格特征 P B.@G ,)
1. 充当句子的状语。 u `1cXL['
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 +#" CgZ]
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 _bHmcK
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ~]*P/'-{#
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. u%Bk"noCa
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. * 8CI'U
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). O3bo3Cm$
真题剖析 r{pTM cDS
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. p
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because uLD%M av
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [[}KCND
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ^w5`YI4 <
虚拟语气 Qr6[h!
虚拟语气（2） g)u
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1. （should）+动词原形 x6d+`4
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 f }PT3
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 hF"yxu cj$
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 y*0bHzJ
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 =B@ow
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ~5<-&Dyp7
would rather +动词过去式 e| Rd#
真题剖析 MDGD *Qn~
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … sPuNwVX>}I
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t \R
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. i1v0J->
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded oswS<t{Z
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. @ iWql*K;m
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Hy`Ee7 >
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 0l=g$G
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) G9J+D?' hH
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should x
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非谓语动词 :_E=&4&g
动名词、分词、不定式。 8R<2I1xn2
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) T{-<G13
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 CBz$N) f
真题剖析 T|RW- i3
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ?.Z4GWyXa
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ;K]6/Wt
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. }{/3yXk[G
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative C\#E1\d
主谓一致 _P9T h#UAg
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 "l0z?u
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7~(| q2ib
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. |t](4
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 }j9V0`Q
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. VA{2a7]
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ], Xva`"
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 w;f$ oT
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). M{\W$xPL)
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 mT enzIp
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. :Z rE/3_S
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) it ?l! ~
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） R E~:+.eB
He no less than John is interested in literature. "W!Uxc
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) hes$LH
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ?}<4L K]
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 lxsBXX Zg
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. `x%(
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真题剖析 Z1u:OI@(
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ;.Dm?J0
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some o1I8l7
倒装 !@2L g
全部倒装 -n.ltgW@
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 9a4Xf%!F>z
There stand big buildings in this district. j p g$5jZ
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. E"8cB]`|8
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) )<Cf,R
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. %=C49(/K_
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 _G9 vsi
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ZY N HVR
4. 表语位于句首 $A>\I3B
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ~ o"VZp
Not far from here is a famous university. (- ]A1WQ?
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 T&@xgj|!)
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. PWU8 9YXp
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. Na6z 1&wS
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） iv3=J
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. 0[ (Z48
部分倒装 /3( a'o[
1. 疑问句 os<YfMM<:/
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） d46PAA{'
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 0Fd<@w Q0
3. “only+状语”位于句首 tX lo27J
Only when he comes back can be leave. 4$HU=]b6Tf
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ED0Vlw+1
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. \U(;%V
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Zq,[se'nh"
By no means should you break the rules. ar+ j`QIe
At no time should we give in to difficulties. |:yWDZg[
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) }(*eR F'
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 5" 5tY
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. k PuY[~i%
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
