定义 动词由原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)。 prY9SQd
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现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化,例如: VRoeq {
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park→parked (停车──1864) | JL47FR
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fax→faxed (以传真传送──1979) {hM*h(W~3
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e-mail→e-mailed (以电脑网络传送──1982) g5to0
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(所附年次为最早用例出现年次──O.E.D.) qD4e] 5
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因此,不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者,所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法,也不可能规避这些不规则动词。 f|FQd3o)
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从英语的演变来看,不规则动词就是强势动词(Strong Verbs)──即其词形变化全依其本身之语音(尤其是元音)变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如: ^\mN<z(
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原形: buy sing speak %2oLND}?z
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过去式: bought sang spoke s$:]$&5
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过去分词: bought sung spoken #D+Fq^="P
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而每一型式的变化都有其类群,例如: \{+7`4g
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buy bought bought (买) 8N-~ .p
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bring brought brought (带来) +Mm0bqNN
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fight fought fought (作战) eB$v'9S8/
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think thought thought (想) 7@tr^JykO
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sing sang sung (唱) s[s 6E`Q
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drink drank drunk (喝) Bdbw!zRR$
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swim swam swum (游泳) tg8VFH2q.z
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begin began begun (开始) oHi&Z$#!n
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speak spoke spoken (说) &*)tqQeQf
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break broke broken (打破) eIqj7UY_
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steal stole stolen (偷) &