医学博士英语写作总结 5h@5.-}
|h^] `= 3
一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 H C(7,3
z2IKd 'Wy
二、现场写作技巧 Y^-D'2P]P
!~ fy".|x
①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 0;Z ] vl/|
/ 33m6+
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 *_H^]wNJG
M~P h/
1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; s}g3*_"
z6uHe{|
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; Wo7`gf_ (
-fT}Nj\
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; p@[n(?duC.
4M PR
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; +6Ye'IOG
$ 9
k5a
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system X]c>clk
,
>Y=qSg>Ik
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； w-P;E!gTt
>9,:i)m_
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9=. 7[-6i9
O PJ(ub
8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； Sv t%*j
?eDZ-u9)
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 ,*Wp$
/>2zKF?
10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， Dn:1Mtj-
&/8B
(0<
11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： V?"1&m& E
c S(=wC
12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； hq ?F8 1
: $N43_Wb
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； 9 e;8"rJ?C
&Y1RPO41J
14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion e,
}{$HStZ
lw _@(E]E
15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； \d-9Ndp
nf
]T._TZ"
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; ^+x ,211f
NL &![;
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 85B B{ T;
?N]G;%3/
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission ]l^" A~va
lcXo>
17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation 0u
bf] Z
# blh9.V&F
18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate (dP9`Na]
{7.uwIW.1
19.福祉 well-being, happiness； JPpNCC.b
/4$ c-k
20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile ekd;sEO
|nY+Nen7
21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 2{S*$K[M
|WSm puf
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension KN~Rep cz@
O@>{%u
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health +/r h8?
o<rbC <
U
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork m G x{Vpt
$E^*^({
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years Kir|in)r0
tDtqTB}
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health Tj=@5lj0
qot {#tk
d
27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. Ox6^=D "
\3whM6tK
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； >Sm#-4B-
c 3Zwp%
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle; 10 *^
^ ?T,>ZI
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 2>im'x 5
E#n: d9WA:
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; ]% UAN_T
ar@ysBy
31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from `7'=~BP?X
BF
U#FE)s
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. \?AA:U*
%j ?7O00 @
There have been more deaths from drowning. 5S 4`.'
;o.,vQF*
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ @fd{5 >\
Cx Vrnb[`q
32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； qGie~S ##
n7d`J_%s
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; RueL~$*6.~
LY!.u?D`P
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 ni3A+Y0
r-o6I:y
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak ooT
~R2u
)F:
UkS
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; JP 8v2)
p
BmFs6{>~c
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; g
[+_T{
>]WQ1E[=
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； !,>9?(
]}dAm S/
复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； pJ]i)$M
:KJZo,\
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 CT#N9
XxE>KeP
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； XRR`GBI
zi ui
养老保险 endowment insurance； x$aFJ CL
z[ ml;?
退休养老金retirement pension； p=8?hI/bim
C\p _
Health Care Reform医疗改革 {H% 1sI
`@|Kx\y4=j
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； 0|_d{/VK4
;p 'Ej'E
37.月经期menstrual period Qcr-|?5L
\Lu] %}
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ,BG
L|5?3z
Rc k k
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care (}LLk +
IQ"9# {o
40.安乐死euthanasia； OAXF=V F#
;nB.f.e`
41.得绝症的terminally ill； )w++
cC4/5
k3B-;%3I;
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care D/-$~u_o
Y^@Nvt$<K
濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient THbV],RhJ
i5 F9*
43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. Lk~aM bw#
m@){@i2.
To "J>:l
9c_h+XN?y
