考博英语语法重点总结
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 s,
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独立主格特征 M=5d95*-}
1. 充当句子的状语。 =oE_.ux\
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 9ZDVy7m\i-
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 nnt8 sf@\
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 5vD3K! \u
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. LH=d[3Y
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. tJ=3'?T_k
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). |DN^Nht E
真题剖析 2E$^_YT
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. <7=&DpjI7F
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because q*\NRq
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. C ,o :
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be Q |
虚拟语气 ~?#~ Ar
虚拟语气（2） I q{o-nq
1. （should）+动词原形 O\6vVM[
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 RX:R*{] -
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 9khjwt
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 d 9O:,DKf
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 5XDgs|8
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 :^ n*V6.4
would rather +动词过去式 .
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真题剖析 $= /rGpAk
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … <mL%P`Jj
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 1\/{# c
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. wHf&R3fg
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded iHPUmTus--
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. `%e|$pK
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Hb+X}7c$
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ` M:DZNy,
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) GQb i$kl
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should bl=ku<}@
非谓语动词 CphF
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动名词、分词、不定式。 ;`DD}j`
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) vDsF-u1
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Zae.MO^C!
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Vz{>cSz#
真题剖析 >%u@R3PH]
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. vwmBUix
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops w9MoT.kI}
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 'S*k_vuN
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative cMaOM}mS
主谓一致 4ZwK pQ
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 /N6}*0Ru
How you got there doesn’t concern me. $#e1SS32
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. A|L'ih/
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 1yM r~Fo
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. b5<okICD
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 z8"7u /4v{
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 r{_ >ldjq
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Qs%B'9")
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (5a1P;_Y
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. -R
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) T7[NcZ:I
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） eM2|c3/
He no less than John is interested in literature. * ?]~
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) wMWW=$h#\
Either my father or my brothers are coming. =n+ \\D
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 mV)+qXC
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Dvc&RG
真题剖析 6;iJ*2f5V
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. O"Q7
Rx
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some V 1/p_)A
倒装 ++jAz<46
全部倒装 Gh\q^?}
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” [0y$! f4
There stand big buildings in this district. (V?: ]
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. oM1Qh?
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ;
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. =d)-Fd2li
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 5Qh
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. x @KZ ]
4. 表语位于句首 B9,^mE#
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. OLC{ iD#
Not far from here is a famous university. /i]y$^
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Zd:Taieh@
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. )#iq4@)|g
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. tjT>V wqH
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ._O
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. OEx^3z^
部分倒装 Pr ]Ka
1. 疑问句 'T<iH V&
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） s?R2B)
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ]X Z-o>+ ,
3. “only+状语”位于句首 rl2&^N
Only when he comes back can be leave. ig}A9j?]
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 e]=lKxFh&l
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 4(Iplo*Ys@
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) UFAL1c<V
By no means should you break the rules. D,qu-k[jMI
At no time should we give in to difficulties. )B,|@y nu
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ,J U@ |`
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” o6
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. OCZa Q33
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. ?;/^Ya1;Z
