考博英语语法重点总结 H(JgqbFB*
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 |qn`z-
独立主格特征 <;O - N=
1. 充当句子的状语。 TpH vZ]c
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 d~G, *
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词
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4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） MM+xm{4l
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. @scy v@5)F
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. pd3=^ Zi
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 3 N5un`K7
真题剖析 H/rJ:3
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 0ESxsba
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 4(h19-V
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. \),D W)
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be d4 Hpe>
虚拟语气 i gy Tvt!
虚拟语气（2） h() Ok9]
1. （should）+动词原形 )\k({S
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Ojh \H
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 H}nPaw]G
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 H*gX90{!2
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 o'Uaz*-po
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Epl\(
would rather +动词过去式 O/?Lk*
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真题剖析 XBm
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … \8KAK3i'
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t bh[`uRC}
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. P 2 j"L#%
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded < $V!y
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. h@ ^d
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take gsSUmf 1
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. e[>c>F^
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) $*KM%M6
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should bg =<)s
非谓语动词 k|r+/gIV
动名词、分词、不定式。 HW@r1[Y
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 'X$J+s}6&
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Qw,{"J
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ?
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真题剖析 A~!v+W%vO1
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. C{5bG=S g~
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ~vL`[JiK
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. S, *
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative GY~Q) Z
主谓一致 -(Z%?]+
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 G]$.bq[v
How you got there doesn’t concern me. d,"6s=4(q
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 4)DI0b"
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 O 8\wH
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. KiaQ^[/ q
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 p
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 #c F ?a5
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Mqk [+n
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 h k7kg/"
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. U.kTdNSp
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) oA;> z
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） HXg#iP^tv
He no less than John is interested in literature. #K4lnC2qz
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) x V}ybRKV
Either my father or my brothers are coming. }23#z
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 +J+[fbqX
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. FL/395 <:
真题剖析 sT ;:V
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ?%]?#4 bkc
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 0\X'
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倒装 N+V_[qr#
全部倒装 H+O^e l
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 8K;wX%_,
There stand big buildings in this district. Y;B#_}yF
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. f:K3 P[|
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) aP}%&{iC*
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. b~L8m4L
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 flr&+=1?D
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. '-? t^@
4. 表语位于句首 yrgb6)]nm@
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. m z<wYV*
Not far from here is a famous university. ywl7bU- f
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 n@e[5f9 ?x
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. :{tj5P!S
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. BGSq
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6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） |TE\]
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. SaA9)s
部分倒装 `
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1. 疑问句 j}dev pO
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） G1`H
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents.
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 0s%r d>3
Only when he comes back can be leave. KDmzKOl
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 4-dV%DgC
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 4\?G A`@
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Om/mpU /U
By no means should you break the rules. 61}hB>TT:
At no time should we give in to difficulties. u3XQ<N{Gj
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) x(UOt;
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” M^$liS.D
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ;&9A
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. ~LKX2Q:S
