考博英语语法重点总结 L?WFm n
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 "1 L$|
独立主格特征 lT&eJO~?5
1. 充当句子的状语。 -*
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 4 QvsBpz@
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 18+)`M-5o
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） m Oy^vMa
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ST:A<Da"
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. $$ Oey)*
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). "alyfyBu'M
真题剖析 JtEo'As :[
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. bdC8zDD
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because `$,GzS (
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Z4S!NDMm~
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be j|U#)v/
虚拟语气 S ?{#r
虚拟语气（2） i;/5Y'KZ
1. （should）+动词原形 OB Otu u.
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 5*l T.
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 H`1{_
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 vk77B(u
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 sz: g,}~h
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 bCo7*<I4
would rather +动词过去式 w80oXXs[#
真题剖析 NidIVbT.A
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … :~2vJzp@?
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t YB(Q\hT~\;
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. F5P[dp-`1
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded }& cu/o4
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ,K)_OVB
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ,?>s>bHV
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. G`cHCP_n
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) R3x3]]D
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should RL!Oi|8
非谓语动词 vdAr|4^q
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动名词、分词、不定式。 `[f*Zv w
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) [<n2Uz7MP
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) BXtCSfY $
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 9IjIIM2y
真题剖析 );#JL0I
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. c G[ l!Z
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops ~IYUuWF(
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. wH>a~C:
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative Q-_N2W ?
主谓一致 dBYmiF!+
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .c8g:WB<
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ck: T,F{}
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. + O8%Hm
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 2;k*@k-t
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. MI/MhkS
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 7?#J~.d5
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 YmL06<Mh
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). T$>WE= Y
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ( /=f6^}
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. c/D+|X*
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 9+j0q%
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ] ] !V K
He no less than John is interested in literature. j]{_s"O
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) NSxoF3
Either my father or my brothers are coming. aRj9E}
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 \H qNAE2T
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. "H7df t/
真题剖析 G? ] )o5
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 8L, 5Q9
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some U bXh,QEG*
倒装 | z9*GY6RU
全部倒装 / k
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” *QpMF/<?
There stand big buildings in this district. ap. K=-H
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. < NR#Y%}-V
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Bn^0^J-
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. |9u OUE
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 N nR D|A
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. !<j'E a
4. 表语位于句首 QiQ_b B!\
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ,$@bE
Not far from here is a famous university. y <?kzt
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 sGi"rg#
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. &b.=M>\9Q
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. hcgMZT!<5
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） .~)q};Z
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. NokU) O ;x
部分倒装 J28M@cn
1. 疑问句 <Q3oT
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） q]\:P.x!>
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. $~~Jw]
3. “only+状语”位于句首 {}>0e:51
Only when he comes back can be leave. %oF}HF.
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 c#XXp"7k2
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 1A ?W:'N
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) Gk.
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By no means should you break the rules. &x=.$76
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ls?~+\Jb
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) dWM'fg
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” XQrF4l
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. \(3y7 D
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. }HL]yDO
