英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: UcLNMn|
S十V主谓结构 vV6Lp
S十V十F主系表结构
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 8\)U|/A7
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 fQW_YQsb
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 wL-ydMIx
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 &H4uvJ_<
五个基本句式详细解释如下: p37zz4
1.S十V句式 ~i }+P71
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ?
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He runs quickly. D,d
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他跑得快。 Dpdn%8+Z
They listened carefully. C](z#c~c
他们听得很仔细。 6i]Nr@1C
He suffered from cold and hunger. P('t6MVlT
他挨冻受饿。 2fzKdkJhe
China belongs to the third world country. 3_L1Wm
中国属于第三世界国家。 ke}Y2sB
The gas has given out. &R'w-0k_
煤气用完了。 QOT)x4!)
My ink has run out. ~IlF*Zz#}6
我的钢笔水用完了。 -v;n"Zy1
2.S十V十P句式 dU ,)TKQ
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: *|LbbRu
He is older than he looks. 0~+NB-L}
他比看上去要老。 - yC:?
He seen interested in the book. ` URSv,(
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 +X:J]-1)
The story sounds interesting. U#;51_
这个故事听起来有趣。 ;RWW+x8IB
The desk feels hard. Dq/3E-y5
书桌摸起来很硬。 ]urK$
The cake tastes nice. ta&Q4v&-
饼尝起来很香。 #_.g2 Y
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. G*i.a*9<)
花闻起来香甜。 Q0V^PDF
You have grown taller than before. {UB%(E[Mr
你长得比以前高了。 Ln
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He has suddenly fallen ill. \s
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他突然病倒了。 %6AYCN?Ih
He stood quite still. ( "_Q
他静静地站看。 /@&(P#h
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. C@%iQ]=
他长大后当了教师。 B-!guf
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He could never turn traitor to his country. xM&EL>m>L
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ~6p5H}'H1
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: !q!"U
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He looked me up and down. $zdd=.!KiK
他上下打量我。 ytEQ`
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. mv{<'
他伸出手来摸象。 x@htx?
They are tasting the fish. rB,ldy,f
他们在品尝鱼。 WPIZi[hBs
They grow rice in their home town. 5i6VZv
他们在家乡种水稻。 > 84e`aGE
He's got a chair to sit on.
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他有椅子坐。 L/ ~D<V
Please turn the sentence into English. iecWa:('
请把这个句于泽成英语。 }7%9}2}Iw
3.S十V十O句式 C#0brCQq3
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: a~,Kz\Tt
I saw a film yesterday. 6.[)`iF+#
我昨天看了一部电影。 QCWf.@n
Have you read the story? $(3uOsy
你读过这个故事吗? e^zHw^js
They found their home easily. _C20 +PMO
他们很容易找到他们的家。 6(Vhtr2(*
They built a house last year. ;`+`#h3-V
他们去年建了一所房子。 wqP2Gw7jh6
They've put up a factory in the village. U9
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 <6/= y1QC)
They have taken good care of the children. a$}NW.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 h/HHKn
You should look after your children well. o5SQ1;`
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 n}JPYu
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 {rDq_^
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: P6.!3%y
He gave me a book/a book to me. 6J\fF tB@V
他给我一本书。 et` 0Je
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. \x(^]/@
他带给我一枝钢笔。 Rk A8
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. FqZgdmwR
他把座位让给我。 H:Y&OZ
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: :RiF3h(
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 35_)3R)
妈妈给我买了一本书。 UFw](%=&M
He got me a chair/a chair for me. UV@0gdy[
他给我弄了一把椅子。 N}x9N.
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. r[pF^y0
请帮我一下。 A[)C:
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He asked me a question/a question of me. MA*
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他问我个问题。 C?o6(p"b
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: v@n_F
They robbed the old man of his money. Z9[+'ZWt
他们抢了老人的钱。 Ryv_1gR!
He's warned me of the danger. $FX,zC<=
他警告我注意危险。 cG_Vc[
The doctor has cured him of his disease. jDX>izg;V
医生治好了他的病。 ?JXa~.dA
We must rid the house of th erats. E ]f)Os$
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 |`0n"x7
They deprived him of his right to speak. qINTCm j
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 H
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5.S十V十O十C句式 O|'1B>X
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 BC7 7<R!E)
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 GLUUY
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They made the girl angry. e|lD:_1
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 -6C +LbV
They found her happy that day. 6N" l{!
他们发现那天她很高兴。 MKg,!TELe
I found him out. ~ap2m
我发现他出去了。 h-QLV[^
I saw him in. Ed-M7#wY
我见他在家。 s([dGD$i
They saw a foot mark in the sand. -t-tn22
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 @_yoX(.E&
They named the boy Charlie. [TTSA2
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 >:
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I saw him come in and go out. 0XU}B\'<
我见他进来又出去。
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They felt the car moving fast. .*5 Z"Q['G
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 bS!\#f%9"
I heard the glass broken just now. 8%:]W^
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 A :e;k{J
He found the doctor of study closed to him. TqAPAHg
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。