英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 7~FHn'xt
S十V主谓结构 &TY74w*
S十V十F主系表结构 =%<,
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 EcL6lNTR+
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 4b[bj").A
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 V'e%%&g~N
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 >SLQW
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 0VcHz$
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1.S十V句式 umWs8-'Uw
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ;-8.~Sm
He runs quickly. $K!Jm7O\
他跑得快。 %'ah,2a%
They listened carefully. *~g*J^R}
他们听得很仔细。 ]:#=[CH
He suffered from cold and hunger. +Eh.PWEe
他挨冻受饿。 vRH^
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China belongs to the third world country. C{}PO u
中国属于第三世界国家。 ,
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The gas has given out. 6FNGyvBU
煤气用完了。 `@
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My ink has run out. e,epKtL
我的钢笔水用完了。 W]#w4Fp!
2.S十V十P句式 z`IW[N7Z
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: #<< el;n
He is older than he looks. {
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他比看上去要老。 |J,zU6t
He seen interested in the book. beBG40
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 g}v](Q
The story sounds interesting. 4WvW11q8U
这个故事听起来有趣。 f~T7?D0u}N
The desk feels hard. <4LJ#Fx
书桌摸起来很硬。 ,_u7@Ix
The cake tastes nice. 0WC\uxT7
饼尝起来很香。 (O{OQk;CF
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. a*y9@RC}
花闻起来香甜。 >t3_]n1e
You have grown taller than before. (p{%]M
你长得比以前高了。 |-x-CSN
He has suddenly fallen ill. FL'}~il
他突然病倒了。 ;&&<zWq3h
He stood quite still. P)`^rJ6
他静静地站看。 >`0U2K
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. zuLW'a6F-
他长大后当了教师。 bFX{|&tHU
He could never turn traitor to his country. qR'FbI
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 d$3rcH1
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: LG&BWs!
He looked me up and down. )k=KLQ\b
他上下打量我。 H ni^S
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 9(^UchZZi
他伸出手来摸象。 -x+3nb|.
They are tasting the fish. ww^\_KGu7
他们在品尝鱼。 A4tk</A
They grow rice in their home town. 5)RZJrN]
他们在家乡种水稻。 ZRxOXt&;
He's got a chair to sit on. ;\*3A22 #
他有椅子坐。 ~(V\.h
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Please turn the sentence into English. \C3I6Qx
请把这个句于泽成英语。 rRq60A
3.S十V十O句式 I_<VGU k
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: vUpAW[[
I saw a film yesterday. 0)WAQt\
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我昨天看了一部电影。 R])Eg&
Have you read the story? v1:.t
你读过这个故事吗? (t-hi8"
They found their home easily. 6YM X7G]
他们很容易找到他们的家。 TwkT|Piw
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They built a house last year. =npE?wK
他们去年建了一所房子。 V9oBSP'kt
They've put up a factory in the village.
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 {fXkbMO|
They have taken good care of the children. <VxA&bb7c
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 1b9S";ct0
You should look after your children well. .==D?#bn
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 z(\aJW
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 B#V""[Y9
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: >G5a
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He gave me a book/a book to me. Ce}`z
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他给我一本书。
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. xOTvrX
他带给我一枝钢笔。 P~\rP6
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. B(W~]i
他把座位让给我。 D^[l~K
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: w5m/[Z
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. k)b{UFRW
妈妈给我买了一本书。 W[&nQW$E
He got me a chair/a chair for me. $Z G&d
他给我弄了一把椅子。 Z@Rm^g]o
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. W> pe-
请帮我一下。 rRe5Q
He asked me a question/a question of me. \}b2oiY
他问我个问题。 9+1{a.JO
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: JG!B3^qB
They robbed the old man of his money. ~wa4kS<>
他们抢了老人的钱。 &ivU4rEG
He's warned me of the danger. OWvblEBF
他警告我注意危险。 N'2?Z b
The doctor has cured him of his disease. HJl?@&l/
医生治好了他的病。 8&@=Anc&q
We must rid the house of th erats. r)t[QoD1
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 |ty&}'6C
They deprived him of his right to speak. !BoGSI
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 a OmG, +o
5.S十V十O十C句式 Al
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 $J6
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 v^&HZk=
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They made the girl angry. KGgtEh|
他们使这个女孩生气了。
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They found her happy that day. IUOf/mM5
他们发现那天她很高兴。 F8w7N$/V",
I found him out. <f7 O3 >
我发现他出去了。 V
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I saw him in. NO*,}aeG
我见他在家。 I"x'
They saw a foot mark in the sand. :-x?g2MY
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 ranem0KQ)]
They named the boy Charlie. DGJ:#UE
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 f,ro1Nke
I saw him come in and go out. M{L<aYe
我见他进来又出去。 D*.3]3-I
They felt the car moving fast. URVW5c
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 8ve-g\C8 H
I heard the glass broken just now. >"/TiQt
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 !
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. 8g=O0Gb
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。