英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: rkF>c
S十V主谓结构 IpJMq^Z
S十V十F主系表结构 o*[n[\cR
S十V十O主谓宾结构 u\jQe@j
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 F1Jd-3ei
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 L[|($vQ"
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 \4/zvlo]h
五个基本句式详细解释如下: %OIJ.
1.S十V句式 wX!q dII)
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: #c
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He runs quickly. ^5MPK@)c,/
他跑得快。 :
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They listened carefully. )V6Bzn}9
他们听得很仔细。 :Zs i5>MT
He suffered from cold and hunger. y
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他挨冻受饿。 iF_#cmSy$
China belongs to the third world country. LA837P
中国属于第三世界国家。 UdiogXZ
The gas has given out. A"V($:>U
煤气用完了。 |=o)|z2
My ink has run out. ?xRx|_}e
我的钢笔水用完了。 _K4E6c_
2.S十V十P句式 v!>(1ROQ.=
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: KkIgyLM
He is older than he looks. Fuz'!
他比看上去要老。 `hVi!Q]*P
He seen interested in the book. zAZ+'9LB
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 X
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The story sounds interesting. xnR;#Yc
这个故事听起来有趣。 tQ@%3`
The desk feels hard. UGb<&)
书桌摸起来很硬。 , S
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The cake tastes nice. !bq3c(d
饼尝起来很香。 (v)/h>vS
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. k$ORV U
花闻起来香甜。 XaxM$
You have grown taller than before. C5F=J8pY
你长得比以前高了。 9*<=K
He has suddenly fallen ill. <b,oF]+;z
他突然病倒了。 0^-1/Ec
He stood quite still. }<9IH%sgF
他静静地站看。 XH`W(
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. Wp
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他长大后当了教师。 |b+ZKRW
He could never turn traitor to his country. Gpb<,v_3
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 H5)8TR3La
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: N+9W2n
He looked me up and down.
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他上下打量我。 c]+uj q
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Mjj5~by:
他伸出手来摸象。 q(9S4F
They are tasting the fish. zAkF:^
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他们在品尝鱼。 ,vh$G 7D
They grow rice in their home town. `bJ?8~ 8*
他们在家乡种水稻。 Q^{XM
He's got a chair to sit on. "2=v:\~=
他有椅子坐。 ]I[\Io 1
Please turn the sentence into English. 4Nl3"@<$
请把这个句于泽成英语。 Kk\TW1w3
3.S十V十O句式 _C
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: *w`_(Xf
I saw a film yesterday. 35KRJY#
我昨天看了一部电影。 <5]ufv
Have you read the story? :%4N4|
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你读过这个故事吗? BS|$-i5L
They found their home easily. {X EX0|TZ
他们很容易找到他们的家。 ]RxJ^'a63
They built a house last year. TFG0~"4Cz
他们去年建了一所房子。 wA2^I70-
They've put up a factory in the village. CxD=8X9m
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 {`ByZB
They have taken good care of the children. ,v#O{ma
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 d<cqY<y VA
You should look after your children well. u10;qYfL8o
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 _ -|+k
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 pCC3
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: Yq>K1E|
He gave me a book/a book to me. 9T_fq56Oh6
他给我一本书。 `O]$FpO
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. t\WU}aKML
他带给我一枝钢笔。 *M-'R*Np
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. $/crb8-C
他把座位让给我。 3/ '5#$
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: }t*:EgfI
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. R0urt
妈妈给我买了一本书。
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. #sE:xIR
他给我弄了一把椅子。 `$MO;Fv,G
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. D
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请帮我一下。 ?-'G
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He asked me a question/a question of me. `SA1V),~
他问我个问题。 d~q7!
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: deEc;IAo
They robbed the old man of his money. ?e\u_3-9
他们抢了老人的钱。 |-TxX:O-
He's warned me of the danger. OBf$Z"i
他警告我注意危险。 3G'cDemc
The doctor has cured him of his disease. }l&y8,[:
医生治好了他的病。 nG$+9}\UlP
We must rid the house of th erats.
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 `O!yt
They deprived him of his right to speak. NZ?dJ"eq7
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 yH9&HFDp
5.S十V十O十C句式 !b$]D?=}
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 _YN
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ^O}J',Fm%f
They made the girl angry. U;M! jj
他们使这个女孩生气了。 53?Ati\Y)
They found her happy that day. h+S]C#X,}
他们发现那天她很高兴。 8Un
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I found him out. wxN&k$`a
我发现他出去了。 9v1 Snr
I saw him in. )P,pW?h$
我见他在家。 +??pej]Rp
They saw a foot mark in the sand. WO6+r?0M2
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 9i
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They named the boy Charlie. Tm
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 *$3p3-
I saw him come in and go out. H%Z;Yt8^gt
我见他进来又出去。 93ggCOaYA
They felt the car moving fast. _Fe=:q
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ap,zC)[
I heard the glass broken just now. 16Jjf|]j
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 )@] W=
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 4q(,uk&R[
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。