英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Yl#r9TM
S十V主谓结构 />zE$)'M
S十V十F主系表结构 SXA_P{j&a
S十V十O主谓宾结构 r4h4A w {
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 |%R}!O<.c
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 Jiljf2h
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: 0a??8?Q1G
1.S十V句式 E1'HdOh&z
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: V3NQij(
He runs quickly. ~4\J}Kn
他跑得快。
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They listened carefully. /L8Q[`;.
他们听得很仔细。 W4Ey]y"
He suffered from cold and hunger. FDA``H~
他挨冻受饿。 c_e2'K:
China belongs to the third world country. <0r2m4z
中国属于第三世界国家。 mjDaus59
The gas has given out. -lL(:drn
煤气用完了。 @Q;%hb
My ink has run out. "|yuP1;L
我的钢笔水用完了。 r
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2.S十V十P句式 \YE(E04w57
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ;N4A9/)
He is older than he looks. x78`dX
他比看上去要老。 B zmmE2~*
He seen interested in the book. $^F
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 3 xSt -MA
The story sounds interesting. b!C\J
这个故事听起来有趣。 |'B-^? ;
The desk feels hard. #)&k
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书桌摸起来很硬。 RjC3wO::
The cake tastes nice. 1 PL2[_2:
饼尝起来很香。 )YE3n-~7{
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. R_IUuz$e
花闻起来香甜。 ?RyeZKf
You have grown taller than before. YIjY?
你长得比以前高了。 V*X6 <}
He has suddenly fallen ill. I!FIV^}Z(
他突然病倒了。 y:t@X~
He stood quite still. F xek#
他静静地站看。 d??;r:
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. z'=8U@P'#
他长大后当了教师。 U($bR|%D
He could never turn traitor to his country. *3.K; Ic;
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 GtR!a
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:
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He looked me up and down. nHAET
他上下打量我。 uX82q.u_y
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. X:N`x
他伸出手来摸象。 k }amSsE
They are tasting the fish. Z^tTR]u\$
他们在品尝鱼。 #`Af
They grow rice in their home town. 5;WESk
他们在家乡种水稻。 <}uhKp>*
He's got a chair to sit on. >:o$h2
他有椅子坐。 v2w|?26Lf
Please turn the sentence into English. tQR qQ
请把这个句于泽成英语。 qQ&=Z`p!
3.S十V十O句式 58[=.rzD
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: xG_LEk( zD
I saw a film yesterday. RSfB9)3D
我昨天看了一部电影。 DT;n)7+,
Have you read the story? V ,+&.A23
你读过这个故事吗? $jkzm8{W
They found their home easily. wH?]kV8Q
他们很容易找到他们的家。 2ezk<R5q+
They built a house last year. b=L4A,w~a
他们去年建了一所房子。 wI5(`_l{G
They've put up a factory in the village. 3<XP/c";
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 XY`{F.2h
They have taken good care of the children. =67ab_V
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 2y"L&3W
You should look after your children well. +X%pUe
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 UuKW
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 Lo<WK
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: a
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He gave me a book/a book to me. u+;iR/
他给我一本书。 9] L4`.HM
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. -<6b[YA
他带给我一枝钢笔。 :R'={0Jg
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. \b;z$P\+*
他把座位让给我。 l NLa:j
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: xeB-fy)5+
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. /B
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 5(>ux@[qI:
He got me a chair/a chair for me. @ N@
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 tjLG$M1z`
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Wh)>E!~9
请帮我一下。 lqcPV) n
He asked me a question/a question of me. );/p[Fd2]
他问我个问题。 b:PzqMh{G
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: j;<s!A#
They robbed the old man of his money. sis1Dh9:
他们抢了老人的钱。
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He's warned me of the danger. rA|&G'
他警告我注意危险。 g;7W%v5wqk
The doctor has cured him of his disease. O!'gylj/
医生治好了他的病。 G b4p"3
We must rid the house of th erats. cpm *m"Nk
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ~J0r%P
They deprived him of his right to speak. Xb~i?T;f
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 9
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5.S十V十O十C句式 6st^
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 q26qY5D
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 *Oq&g\K)
They made the girl angry. R"{P#U,HNO
他们使这个女孩生气了。 iX6*OEl/Q
They found her happy that day. )m
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 XaaR>HljJ
I found him out. 4,&f#=Y
我发现他出去了。 ?jsgBol
I saw him in. ltv~Kh
我见他在家。 R1Fcd@DWD
They saw a foot mark in the sand. ~"Su2{"8B
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 R*H-QH/H1
They named the boy Charlie. psuK\s
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 &{bNa:@
I saw him come in and go out. lpjby[S
我见他进来又出去。 @W=
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They felt the car moving fast. s6D Pb_,
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 a :CeI
I heard the glass broken just now. V"T5<HA9
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 9R:?vk4
He found the doctor of study closed to him. #dFE}!"#`
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。