英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: (_s!,QUe
S十V主谓结构 juve9HaW
S十V十F主系表结构 N@%xLJF=N>
S十V十O主谓宾结构 IArpCF/"8
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 6 ^6uK
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 t&p:vXF2
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 Z;dwn~Tw
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
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1.S十V句式 XH_qA[=c]
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: FHnHhB [
He runs quickly. <)0LwkFtB
他跑得快。 @N:3`[oB
They listened carefully. sov62wuqU
他们听得很仔细。 ,_4KyLfBF
He suffered from cold and hunger. l*V72!Mv
他挨冻受饿。 _#\5]D~""
China belongs to the third world country. %Tm'aY"
中国属于第三世界国家。 z<C~DH
The gas has given out. R.n`R|NOd
煤气用完了。 ?),K=E+=U
My ink has run out. r0XGGLFuZl
我的钢笔水用完了。 fSb
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2.S十V十P句式 qg
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: EWvid4QEi
He is older than he looks. BRQ5
他比看上去要老。 ;-P:$zw9c
He seen interested in the book. i~M.F=I5
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 sjgxx7
The story sounds interesting. ZBh@%A
这个故事听起来有趣。 hrtN.4p[
The desk feels hard. \?Oa}&k$F8
书桌摸起来很硬。 J5r
L7
The cake tastes nice. Xwn|.
饼尝起来很香。 m0K2 p~
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. P24
花闻起来香甜。 U*#E aL
You have grown taller than before. os0"haOI9h
你长得比以前高了。 )I1V2k$n
He has suddenly fallen ill. :y)&kJpleP
他突然病倒了。 v,O&UrZ
He stood quite still. 3_['[}
他静静地站看。 )fcpE,g'
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. r4qV}-E
他长大后当了教师。 ZJ'H y5?
He could never turn traitor to his country. a~
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 'Rf#1ls#
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: b8xfV{3 L
He looked me up and down. )e$-B]>7z
他上下打量我。 EwJn1Mvq
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 5|H(N}S_
他伸出手来摸象。 5+PBS)pJ]%
They are tasting the fish. i_9
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他们在品尝鱼。 K>E!W!-PJ
They grow rice in their home town. ;R>42
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他们在家乡种水稻。 #SOj4W
He's got a chair to sit on. HGMH
g
他有椅子坐。
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Please turn the sentence into English.
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请把这个句于泽成英语。 {ca^yHgGy
3.S十V十O句式 Q#AHEm{9;s
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: )Syf5I
I saw a film yesterday. =*G'.D /*
我昨天看了一部电影。 WUQh[A41
Have you read the story? R-0Ohj
你读过这个故事吗? QRix_2+
They found their home easily. ]fmf X
他们很容易找到他们的家。 6>^k9cJp
They built a house last year. H%jIjf
他们去年建了一所房子。 x@l~*6!K
They've put up a factory in the village. $CV'p/^En
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 HBYpjxh
They have taken good care of the children. {N`<e>A]{
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 69w"$Vk
You should look after your children well. 9`VF
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 \d`Sz
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 lt"*y.%@b
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: U~c;W@T
He gave me a book/a book to me. nlnJJM&J$
他给我一本书。 f.CI.aozW
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Kt0Tuj@CY
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ''YjeX
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. nA
j2k
他把座位让给我。 &g {_.n,
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: _QCI<|A
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. e4LNnJU\|
妈妈给我买了一本书。 Ji=iq=S7
He got me a chair/a chair for me. h}_q
他给我弄了一把椅子。 N/=3B
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Please do me a favor/a favor for me. =hlu,
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请帮我一下。 V0(ABi:d
He asked me a question/a question of me. PTqS L]
他问我个问题。 <ZdNPcT<s
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 1=.?KAXR
They robbed the old man of his money. `7ZJB$7D|*
他们抢了老人的钱。 _XPc0r:?>
He's warned me of the danger. B/}>UHM
他警告我注意危险。 JH#?}L/0Fe
The doctor has cured him of his disease. Zv93cv
医生治好了他的病。 tT:yvU@a
We must rid the house of th erats. r0>T7yPAK
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 hrF4 a$
They deprived him of his right to speak. kvn6
NiU
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 RwWQ$Eb_s
5.S十V十O十C句式 ^Du_e(TiyK
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 d\M
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 uip]K{/A!e
They made the girl angry. `<q5RuU
他们使这个女孩生气了。 75f.^4/%
They found her happy that day. ;
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 D5x^O2
I found him out. 2_Z60]
我发现他出去了。 &3V4~L1aEg
I saw him in. sTDBK!9I
我见他在家。 5Mr:(|JyV
They saw a foot mark in the sand. H'2 =yhtVh
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 yr?
\YKV)I
They named the boy Charlie. ff0,K#-
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
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I saw him come in and go out. ln5On_Wm
我见他进来又出去。 z5I<,[`
They felt the car moving fast. #~b9H05D
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 l}x{.q7Ul
I heard the glass broken just now. kVY@q&p
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 0W)_5f&
He found the doctor of study closed to him. N@}U ;x}
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。