英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: _:4n&1{.
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S十V主谓结构 cl s-x@
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S十V十F主系表结构 u`Kjs}F'
S十V十O主谓宾结构 C"w>U
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 "
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 C]{:>= K
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 VY }?Nb<&
五个基本句式详细解释如下: HS!O;7s'
1.S十V句式 ooa>~!91P
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: S0+nQM%
He runs quickly. }Xv2I$J
他跑得快。 D&KD5_Sw
They listened carefully. kae&,'@JF
他们听得很仔细。 0_7A
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He suffered from cold and hunger. F)x^AJie
他挨冻受饿。 Ic_>[E?k
China belongs to the third world country. zX+NhT
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中国属于第三世界国家。 Z>GqLq\`ed
The gas has given out. f,utA3[
煤气用完了。 U2 0@B`<
My ink has run out. $J8?!Xg
我的钢笔水用完了。 8RS=Xemds
2.S十V十P句式 V@6,\1#`|
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
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He is older than he looks. Hk)IV"[R
他比看上去要老。 "P O>@tY
He seen interested in the book. iXl6XwWT%8
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 +
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The story sounds interesting. X.)caF^j
这个故事听起来有趣。 pJ*x[y
The desk feels hard.
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书桌摸起来很硬。 G 2L?j
The cake tastes nice. 4c
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饼尝起来很香。 vMBF7Jfx
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. $GI2rzh
花闻起来香甜。 t;ZA}>/
You have grown taller than before. o#wDA0T
你长得比以前高了。 e))fbv&V
He has suddenly fallen ill. N5$IV
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他突然病倒了。 g8<Ja (J
He stood quite still. :CH?,x^!@
他静静地站看。 iwJeV J
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. :Osw4u]JXd
他长大后当了教师。 7g'jg7
He could never turn traitor to his country. B&J;yla6`d
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 i"eUacBz/-
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: u,]?_bK)
He looked me up and down. RRGo$
他上下打量我。 j6zZ! k
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ')ZM#
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他伸出手来摸象。 ";:"p6?
They are tasting the fish. fQZ,kl
他们在品尝鱼。 v;=F $3
They grow rice in their home town. FdT@}
他们在家乡种水稻。 \F_~?$
He's got a chair to sit on. >lZ9Y{Y4v
他有椅子坐。 \>}G|yL
Please turn the sentence into English. ?!PpooYK
请把这个句于泽成英语。 |UA)s3Uhxb
3.S十V十O句式 ko-:)z
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 1
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I saw a film yesterday. P2lDi!q|
我昨天看了一部电影。 xx^7
Have you read the story? u19d!#g
你读过这个故事吗? 51:NL[[6
They found their home easily. pq<302uBQ
他们很容易找到他们的家。 }E?{M~"<
They built a house last year. Q?e]N I^
他们去年建了一所房子。 y]dA<d?u
They've put up a factory in the village. |$Y0VC4a
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 z:
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They have taken good care of the children. n*7Ytz3#'
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 FH"u9ygF
You should look after your children well. ~,199K#'
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 !nPwRK>
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 W{z7h[?5,
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: t-, =sV
He gave me a book/a book to me. _z`g@[m
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他给我一本书。 .fZ*N/
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 8SJi~gV
他带给我一枝钢笔。 b+Ly%&
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. #M9rt~4
他把座位让给我。 s<}d)L(
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: X`REhvT
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 'a}<|Et.
妈妈给我买了一本书。 5]c'n
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ]VarO'
他给我弄了一把椅子。 ?3X(`:KB
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ;rD
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请帮我一下。 7RH1,k
He asked me a question/a question of me. sBsf{%I[{
他问我个问题。 GI]sE]tZ
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: H%}ro.u
They robbed the old man of his money. FCk4[qOp7
他们抢了老人的钱。 x4r=ENO)q
He's warned me of the danger. R]s\s[B
他警告我注意危险。 Nb[zm|.
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 2;82*0Y%
医生治好了他的病。 jbDap i<
We must rid the house of th erats. +{qX,
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ??4#)n
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They deprived him of his right to speak. U\crp
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 P|:*OM
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5.S十V十O十C句式 |^uU &O;.
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 /b44;U`v5-
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 CY"iP,nHl
They made the girl angry. E[z8;A^:0
他们使这个女孩生气了。 TA
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They found her happy that day. .e^AS~4pl
他们发现那天她很高兴。 @[:JQ'R=
I found him out. c@+ ;4Iz
我发现他出去了。 gK`o;` ^
I saw him in. NI@$"
我见他在家。 W7j-siWJ
They saw a foot mark in the sand. /SXms'C
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 y .+d3
They named the boy Charlie. ]~')OSjw
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 zoj3w
|G
I saw him come in and go out. R5y+bMZ
我见他进来又出去。 gypE~@
They felt the car moving fast. 4f}:)M$5
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 \Mujx3Fmvx
I heard the glass broken just now. [P,/J$v^~
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 4\#!Gv-
He found the doctor of study closed to him. A7/
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。