英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: t~#+--(
S十V主谓结构 tXGcwoOB
S十V十F主系表结构 wC@U/?
S十V十O主谓宾结构 w8zQDPVB%
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 TJa%zi
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 2)H|/
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: xk<0QYv
1.S十V句式 v8=MO:>{R
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: uu #+|ZD
He runs quickly. KJ
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他跑得快。 !b
Km
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They listened carefully. yw^,
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他们听得很仔细。 +%^xz
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He suffered from cold and hunger. ,s<d"]<
他挨冻受饿。 q\G@Nn^
China belongs to the third world country. gNBI?xs`p
中国属于第三世界国家。 @ZWKs
The gas has given out. =!2
煤气用完了。 5
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My ink has run out. &'j77tqOk
我的钢笔水用完了。 hy rJu{p
2.S十V十P句式 PI?[
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: LPClE5
He is older than he looks. q1j[eru
他比看上去要老。 _t7A'`Dh]
He seen interested in the book. \wP$"Z}j
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ny0`~bl{p
The story sounds interesting. U bXz`i
这个故事听起来有趣。 ]y/:#^M+
The desk feels hard. RdjUw#\33b
书桌摸起来很硬。 bL<cgtz7)
The cake tastes nice. mE1*F'0a
饼尝起来很香。 U/;Vge8{
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 16
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花闻起来香甜。 S45jY=)z
You have grown taller than before. ]H*=Z:riu
你长得比以前高了。 W3#L!&z_wK
He has suddenly fallen ill. Z(cgI5Pu
他突然病倒了。 v2^CBKZ+
He stood quite still. NUseYU``
他静静地站看。 6/) A6Tt
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. C\Rd]P8\
他长大后当了教师。 OmW|\d PU
He could never turn traitor to his country. @,hvXl-G *
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ;%&@^;@k%
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 8w4.|h5FP
He looked me up and down. !|]%^G
他上下打量我。 Ogb!YF#e
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. xE:p)B-]
他伸出手来摸象。 g~
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They are tasting the fish. #
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他们在品尝鱼。 >A6lX)
They grow rice in their home town. 0<!BzG
他们在家乡种水稻。 Xg"=,j2
He's got a chair to sit on. z\a#"2(G.
他有椅子坐。 QAr1U7{(.
Please turn the sentence into English. z`W$/tw"
请把这个句于泽成英语。
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3.S十V十O句式 awUIYAgJ3
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: MQAb8 K:e
I saw a film yesterday. #u>JCPz
我昨天看了一部电影。 hP #>`)aNY
Have you read the story? 0YKG`W
你读过这个故事吗? zKR_P{W>^
They found their home easily. U_+>
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 hTF]-&
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They built a house last year. \JX8`]|&
他们去年建了一所房子。 h[Hw9$31
They've put up a factory in the village. >-Jutr<I"~
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 m}k rG
They have taken good care of the children. P*_Q 8I)Y
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 N[Fz6,ZG _
You should look after your children well.
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 4e* rBTl
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 }I!D65-#'
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: [H!V
He gave me a book/a book to me. R{/nlS5
他给我一本书。 lbM
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. XB2[{XH,
他带给我一枝钢笔。 $Z
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. lO[[iMHl<
他把座位让给我。 gWRSS=8%
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: x)s`j(pYC
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. YajUdpJi
妈妈给我买了一本书。 =*fOej>G
He got me a chair/a chair for me. W2s6!_AN
他给我弄了一把椅子。 40+~;20
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. f/aSqhAW
请帮我一下。 Pi`}-GUe,
He asked me a question/a question of me. J#"@~Q+a`@
他问我个问题。 |4UW.dGHPo
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 26?yEd6^Z
They robbed the old man of his money. n'>`2 s
他们抢了老人的钱。 0@k)Cz[0;
He's warned me of the danger. r Z%l?(
他警告我注意危险。 [jU.58*
The doctor has cured him of his disease. K_;
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医生治好了他的病。 +/E`u|%|\]
We must rid the house of th erats. UU~S{!*+L
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 yL{X}:;}
They deprived him of his right to speak. 8R0Q -,'
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 0ZcvpR?G
5.S十V十O十C句式 hj[&.w
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 [M?'Nw/[S
They made the girl angry. /{il;/Vj
他们使这个女孩生气了。 H}vq2 |MN
They found her happy that day. u4hC/!
他们发现那天她很高兴。 vf^`'
I found him out. NpqK+GO
我发现他出去了。 w8~B@}%
I saw him in. w`ebZa/j
我见他在家。 ;l4epN
They saw a foot mark in the sand. rW),xfo0
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 `0)'&HbLY
They named the boy Charlie. A43 mX!g\
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 f~a]og5|G
I saw him come in and go out. z"D'rHxy
我见他进来又出去。 ;fiH=_{us
They felt the car moving fast. zw,( kv
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 >_esLsPWh]
I heard the glass broken just now. ZF@T,i9
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 m6wrG`-di
He found the doctor of study closed to him. >tGl7Ov
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。