英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: i!
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S十V主谓结构 $Xu3s~:S
S十V十F主系表结构 TD}<U8I8_
S十V十O主谓宾结构 JL= c IH8
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 =W.
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 1I9v`eT4
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 LJ(WU)CPc
五个基本句式详细解释如下: x [FLV8`b|
1.S十V句式 'cXdc
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: w!7\wI[
He runs quickly. FI$:R
他跑得快。 x.?5-3|d$
They listened carefully. b]+F/@h~]
他们听得很仔细。 ;[sW\Ou
He suffered from cold and hunger. d qn5G!fI
他挨冻受饿。 5:h[%3'bB
China belongs to the third world country. ZYwcB]xEz
中国属于第三世界国家。 >0IZ%Wiz
The gas has given out. vjGQ! xF
煤气用完了。 fSuykbZ
My ink has run out. _95296
我的钢笔水用完了。 az(<<2=
2.S十V十P句式 >M,oyM"s
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: pIJXP$v3
He is older than he looks. |@Tga_0p
他比看上去要老。 jhNFaBrS
He seen interested in the book. L_8zZ8 o
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 /8cRPB.
The story sounds interesting. bmfM_oz
这个故事听起来有趣。 7~/ cz_
The desk feels hard. ,^#Jw`w^
书桌摸起来很硬。 @X2*O9
The cake tastes nice. -Aj)<KNx[
饼尝起来很香。 #<im?
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. !~@GIr
花闻起来香甜。 ^OR0Vp>L
You have grown taller than before. g`7XE
你长得比以前高了。 vT'Bs;QR
He has suddenly fallen ill. RK>Pe3<
他突然病倒了。 @;Ttdwg#J
He stood quite still. kN1MPd4Yh
他静静地站看。 'y8{,R4C
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. /0h
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他长大后当了教师。
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He could never turn traitor to his country. ^.SYAwL
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 "/#JC}]
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: &1xCPKIr
He looked me up and down. %`vzQt`>
他上下打量我。 mo0\t#jA
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. `2~>$Tr
他伸出手来摸象。 3dShznlf_*
They are tasting the fish. 1gEH~Jmj
他们在品尝鱼。 [|u^:&az
They grow rice in their home town. h6
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他们在家乡种水稻。 fCl}eXg6w
He's got a chair to sit on. !*IMWm>
他有椅子坐。 Pf?kNJ*Tv)
Please turn the sentence into English. 4JSPD#%f
请把这个句于泽成英语。 [&Xp]:M'D
3.S十V十O句式 Gn]36~)*H
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: "}]`64?
I saw a film yesterday. _B4&Fb.
我昨天看了一部电影。 c
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Have you read the story? 0ju1>.p
你读过这个故事吗? 9N]Xa
They found their home easily. MfTLa)Rz
他们很容易找到他们的家。 NzRvb j]
They built a house last year. x^f<G
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他们去年建了一所房子。 #u<Qc T@
They've put up a factory in the village. ."K>h3(&V
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 qZoDeN-CC
They have taken good care of the children. b^Hrzn
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 ?@V R%z
You should look after your children well. :dmE/Tq
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 E3L?6Qfx>
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 [+#m
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ]5W$EvZ9)
He gave me a book/a book to me. O--p)\
他给我一本书。 G#iQX`
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. WlL(NrVA@@
他带给我一枝钢笔。 wAMg"ImJ
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 95 ;{ms[
他把座位让给我。 eK8H5YE
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: owVvbC2<b(
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 9#LMK 1ge
妈妈给我买了一本书。 >DL
He got me a chair/a chair for me. CB7dr&>
他给我弄了一把椅子。 rK~-Wzwu
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Tw~R-SiS`s
请帮我一下。 8K8u|]i
He asked me a question/a question of me. ~% hdy@
他问我个问题。 [|\6AIoS
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: [%IOB/{N
They robbed the old man of his money. yUoR6w
他们抢了老人的钱。 lR(9;3
He's warned me of the danger. 9t! d.
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他警告我注意危险。 <y 4(!z"
The doctor has cured him of his disease. jKS j );
医生治好了他的病。 _h%
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We must rid the house of th erats. dg D-"-O
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ; :e7Z^\/k
They deprived him of his right to speak. w0QtGQ|
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 _K5<)( )
5.S十V十O十C句式 3ML][|
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 e8,_"_1:F
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 7KtU\u
They made the girl angry. ]aN9mT
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 *i#2>=)
They found her happy that day. ZbRRDXk!
他们发现那天她很高兴。 7uB
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I found him out. {uDW<