英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 3~a!h3.f
S十V主谓结构 NU I|4X
S十V十F主系表结构 %89f<F\V
S十V十O主谓宾结构 pRPz1J$58
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 8iqx*8}
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 FUvZMA$
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 UT==x<
五个基本句式详细解释如下: efl6U/'Ij
1.S十V句式 o*'J8El\y^
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: a}hpcr({?
He runs quickly. j:O=9
他跑得快。 2\CFt;fk
They listened carefully. 8e[kE>tS._
他们听得很仔细。 Do=*bZ;A
He suffered from cold and hunger. H.'MQ
他挨冻受饿。 aq oT
China belongs to the third world country. bF|j%If%
中国属于第三世界国家。 =5[}&W
The gas has given out. q,PB;TT
煤气用完了。 L
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My ink has run out. 9fzbR~s
我的钢笔水用完了。 qyP@[
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2.S十V十P句式 Tsf
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: UpN:F
He is older than he looks. zX{[Z
他比看上去要老。 {h7
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He seen interested in the book. <6Y o%xt
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Y"K7$+5#\
The story sounds interesting. Q|"{<2"]U0
这个故事听起来有趣。 1Ty{k^%
The desk feels hard. n-#?6`>a
书桌摸起来很硬。 |F iL1_
The cake tastes nice. gX{V>T(<
饼尝起来很香。 15)=>=1mR.
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. :05>~bn>pC
花闻起来香甜。 B=(m;A#G
You have grown taller than before. VWI|`O.w
你长得比以前高了。 >wNE!Oa*B
He has suddenly fallen ill. QukLsl]U
他突然病倒了。 }e9E+2}Z\
He stood quite still. l=Jbuc
他静静地站看。
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. %F3M\)jU
他长大后当了教师。 9mEC|(m*WK
He could never turn traitor to his country. 0vqXLFf
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 :5L9tNr{_
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: R
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He looked me up and down. G[)
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他上下打量我。 Eyxw.,rB/
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Sy6Y3 ~7
他伸出手来摸象。 "]f0wLzh
They are tasting the fish. 9*h?g+\
他们在品尝鱼。 [>A%%
They grow rice in their home town. y[UTuFv~Q
他们在家乡种水稻。 yEJ}!/
He's got a chair to sit on. 4yV}4f$q
他有椅子坐。 Q mT L-
Please turn the sentence into English. ryy".'v
请把这个句于泽成英语。 Psij*%I4
3.S十V十O句式 ?lKFcm
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: z4D[>2*
I saw a film yesterday. Wsyq
我昨天看了一部电影。 Z
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Have you read the story? FX
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你读过这个故事吗? Kr3L~4>
They found their home easily. M.O3QKU4
他们很容易找到他们的家。 NRe{0U}nO
They built a house last year. ~5<-&Dyp7
他们去年建了一所房子。 e|Rd#
They've put up a factory in the village. 6nV]Ec~3[
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 rH"&
They have taken good care of the children. x9)^0Hbo
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 {x{e?c!
You should look after your children well. U6;,<-bL
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 tn&~~G~#
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 O>9+tQ
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: H3"90^|,@
He gave me a book/a book to me. N=]2vyh
他给我一本书。 [LDsn]{
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. \ws<W7
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ,)^4H>~V
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. BO)K=gl;8
他把座位让给我。 XC"]/y
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 7~n<%q/6
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. (!`TO{ !6P
妈妈给我买了一本书。 7<
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. is@8x!c
他给我弄了一把椅子。 qP=4D
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Please do me a favor/a favor for me. -8H0f-1
请帮我一下。 !cS
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He asked me a question/a question of me. Q'xZ\t
他问我个问题。 -wJ/j~+m+
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: O]&DDzo
They robbed the old man of his money. >S/m(98
他们抢了老人的钱。 vZ3/t8$*
He's warned me of the danger. &cy@Be}|T
他警告我注意危险。 t:|knZq
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 9,8}4Y=GVI
医生治好了他的病。 q {v?2v{
We must rid the house of th erats. IjJO;
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 R)4L]Z
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They deprived him of his right to speak. _4H
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 a?&{eMEe}
5.S十V十O十C句式 ?U3X,uv5J
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 rm}OV
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 n
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They made the girl angry. ~:8}Bz2!5
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Tp7*T8
They found her happy that day. nSUQ Eho<
他们发现那天她很高兴。 9cV;W \ Tw
I found him out. v
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我发现他出去了。 dG5p`N%
I saw him in. .8[U
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我见他在家。 ks{y=@<,
They saw a foot mark in the sand. !8'mIXZ$
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 ]r6S|;:
They named the boy Charlie. >;|~
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ib$_x:OO"
I saw him come in and go out. RE*;_DF
我见他进来又出去。 OB-gH3:
They felt the car moving fast. /F/zMZGSA{
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 8 cN[t.S
I heard the glass broken just now. kl(id8
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我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 8HL$y
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. .&
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。