英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Sh:_YD^(
S十V主谓结构 RQ 8;_)%
S十V十F主系表结构 4MCj*ok<
S十V十O主谓宾结构 BP1<:T'.q`
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 t"vkd
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 tCv}+7)
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 #1WCSLvtV
五个基本句式详细解释如下: z00,Vr^m
1.S十V句式 _
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在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Ue!yK
He runs quickly. !&5*H06
他跑得快。 fT
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They listened carefully. vdot .
他们听得很仔细。 !.499H3
He suffered from cold and hunger. /.>%IcK
他挨冻受饿。 d)d0,fi?-
China belongs to the third world country. b,>>E^wd!
中国属于第三世界国家。 2q*wYuc
The gas has given out. 7;pQ'FmZJ
煤气用完了。 `]a0z|2'!
My ink has run out. &q#.
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我的钢笔水用完了。 RrdLh z2N
2.S十V十P句式 kM(m$Oo.
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: b.RFvq5Z
He is older than he looks. ?%n"{k?#
他比看上去要老。 %AmyT
He seen interested in the book. T 2Yc` +
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 &=XK:+
The story sounds interesting. _hMFmI=r[
这个故事听起来有趣。
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The desk feels hard. 6h0}ZM
书桌摸起来很硬。 Q 9E.AN
The cake tastes nice. wJ"]H!r0
饼尝起来很香。 ?]o(cz
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Wfy+9"-;s
花闻起来香甜。 M+b?qw
You have grown taller than before. C>SOd]
你长得比以前高了。 |k
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He has suddenly fallen ill. 6;wKL?snO
他突然病倒了。 5>
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He stood quite still. dGz4`1(>
他静静地站看。 d24_,o\_
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. TKgN31 `
他长大后当了教师。
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He could never turn traitor to his country. G*jq5_6
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 $PAAmaigi
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: p#_5w
He looked me up and down. @^o7UzS4z
他上下打量我。 7_jlNr7uk
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. c((bUjS'=Y
他伸出手来摸象。 dZI["FeO&d
They are tasting the fish. 1
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他们在品尝鱼。 *)Cr1d k
They grow rice in their home town. *M_^I)*L
他们在家乡种水稻。 /+8VW;4|I
He's got a chair to sit on. s`0IyQXVU
他有椅子坐。 /lh1sHgD
Please turn the sentence into English. `j!_tE`
请把这个句于泽成英语。 #dD0vYT&od
3.S十V十O句式
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 5 jUy[w @
I saw a film yesterday. {cb<9Fii
我昨天看了一部电影。 ,D]g]#Lq
Have you read the story? {?2|
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你读过这个故事吗? VJFFH\!`
They found their home easily. }/,Rp/+7]
他们很容易找到他们的家。 c b&Yf1
They built a house last year. aM(#J
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他们去年建了一所房子。 [u37Hy_Gi
They've put up a factory in the village. j"aY\cLr t
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 pek=!
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They have taken good care of the children. 2|d^#8)ZC
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 WSN^iDS
You should look after your children well. gIusp917
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 4>LaA7)v
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 w0lgB%97p
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ~zG)
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He gave me a book/a book to me. -aS@y.z
他给我一本书。 Lo#G. s|
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 0t}v@-abU
他带给我一枝钢笔。 DR:DXJc
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. )S 4RR2Q>
他把座位让给我。 5u;//Cm
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ~cfXEjE6
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. qNP)oU92
妈妈给我买了一本书。 #+V4<o
He got me a chair/a chair for me. a0gg<Ml
他给我弄了一把椅子。 saQs<1
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. w,vnpdT
请帮我一下。 doHE]gC2Uz
He asked me a question/a question of me. ~<9e}
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他问我个问题。 kp* !
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: SA&(%f1d
They robbed the old man of his money. /|i*'6*
他们抢了老人的钱。 $fT5Vc]B4
He's warned me of the danger. qlYi:uygY
他警告我注意危险。 oy5K*
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. v
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医生治好了他的病。 zIu/!aw
We must rid the house of th erats. +y8Y@e}>
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 jll:Rh(b
They deprived him of his right to speak. _cWuRvY
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 o5DT1>h
5.S十V十O十C句式 5X+
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 SO(BkxV@
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 f<VK\%M
They made the girl angry. GdNhEv
他们使这个女孩生气了。 $w{d4" )
They found her happy that day. Y
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 tzGQo5\
I found him out. tlUh8os
我发现他出去了。 d94k
I saw him in. f7\X3v2W}3
我见他在家。 zQ{bMj<S
They saw a foot mark in the sand. M.}J SDt
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 *->*p35
They named the boy Charlie. ou~$XZ7oi
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 S sW<,T
I saw him come in and go out. {G x=QNd
我见他进来又出去。 |TMn
They felt the car moving fast. SF+L-R<e
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 MJ?t{=
I heard the glass broken just now. cpP}NJb0;%
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 K'J_AMBL
He found the doctor of study closed to him. CE96e y
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。