英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: e[AwR?=
S十V主谓结构 +`H{
S十V十F主系表结构 cf
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 (D5.NB%@
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 #>/stU-
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 w`;>+_ E7
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 .qjdi`v
五个基本句式详细解释如下: +rA:/!b)Y
1.S十V句式 ?}g#Mc
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ;$=
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He runs quickly. ek3,ss3
他跑得快。 ehCZhi~
They listened carefully. 540,A,>:tb
他们听得很仔细。 !WD~zZ|
He suffered from cold and hunger. ID1
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他挨冻受饿。 ?6[X=GeUs
China belongs to the third world country. _g#v*7o2@
中国属于第三世界国家。 hz8Z)xjJ V
The gas has given out. !e"TWO*X
煤气用完了。 O%n =n3
My ink has run out. J6 VG j=/
我的钢笔水用完了。 {_{&t>s2
2.S十V十P句式 k}o*=s>M
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: z]J
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He is older than he looks. VP<_~OLc
他比看上去要老。 z2GT
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He seen interested in the book. s{]2~Z^2od
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 1*>lYd8_
The story sounds interesting. \?X'U:
这个故事听起来有趣。 Q41eYzAi
The desk feels hard. XtV=Gr8"
书桌摸起来很硬。 lVmm`q6n9
The cake tastes nice. zU7/P|Dw+
饼尝起来很香。 bz=B&YR
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 6_w;dnVA
花闻起来香甜。 q ["T6
You have grown taller than before. {U,q!<@mq
你长得比以前高了。 !VfP#B6.
He has suddenly fallen ill. > $#v\8
他突然病倒了。 S1R:/9
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He stood quite still. /4R|QD
他静静地站看。 \R0&*cnmo
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ^j1WF[GiSO
他长大后当了教师。 -PI_*
He could never turn traitor to his country. 0{Kb1Ut
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
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注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: NG2@.hP:uU
He looked me up and down. "[*W=6m0
他上下打量我。 ~?m vV`30&
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. &D|wc4+
他伸出手来摸象。 !/6`<eQ
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They are tasting the fish.
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他们在品尝鱼。 .!\NM&E
They grow rice in their home town. ,pgpu !
他们在家乡种水稻。 Rw54`_kFEB
He's got a chair to sit on. d0`5zd@S
他有椅子坐。
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Please turn the sentence into English. "0lC:Wu]
请把这个句于泽成英语。 X"KX_)GZD
3.S十V十O句式 &wlSOC')j
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: bUW`MH7yJ
I saw a film yesterday. 7yU<!p?(
我昨天看了一部电影。 )V}u}5
Have you read the story? TZT1nj"n
你读过这个故事吗? 8( ^;h2O!
They found their home easily. ^_5Nh^
他们很容易找到他们的家。 SWX;sM
They built a house last year. %n3lm(-0U
他们去年建了一所房子。 p +O2:
They've put up a factory in the village. 9tW=9<E
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 >-s\$8En'
They have taken good care of the children. DQ{Yr>J
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 `&.]>H)N*
You should look after your children well. Z /-!-
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 7/"g}
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 'V reO52
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: <z3:*=!
He gave me a book/a book to me. A9_)}
他给我一本书。 NR8YVO)5$
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. SBnwlM"AN
他带给我一枝钢笔。 L{K:XiPn
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. C F2*W).+
他把座位让给我。 {L[n\h.4.
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: C:77~f-+rQ
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. RO-ABFEi(
妈妈给我买了一本书。 #]ZOi`;
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 3,@I`
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 2TN+ (B#Z!
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. $a|DR
请帮我一下。 c;w%R8z
He asked me a question/a question of me. LQ5 W
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他问我个问题。 IfHB+H
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: WlHw\\ur
They robbed the old man of his money. p)d0ZAs
他们抢了老人的钱。 8iTX}$t\{
He's warned me of the danger. Jsi [,|G
他警告我注意危险。 -1ke3
The doctor has cured him of his disease. -ec~~95
医生治好了他的病。 Hcw@24ic
We must rid the house of th erats. 2.=3:q!H<%
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 krkRP%jy
They deprived him of his right to speak. 73?ZB+\)0A
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 FL5u68
5.S十V十O十C句式 #/'5
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 Cj?X+#J/@d
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 |t^7L )&y
They made the girl angry. yBKkx@o#z
他们使这个女孩生气了。 X%7Y\|
They found her happy that day. OHeVm-VC
他们发现那天她很高兴。 45l/)=@@B
I found him out. 9.R)iA
我发现他出去了。 w=Xil
I saw him in. S/CT;M@W
我见他在家。 Pb$ep|`u
They saw a foot mark in the sand. "J(#|v0
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 pX
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They named the boy Charlie. =/MAKi}g
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 kQXtO)
I saw him come in and go out. ,mH2S/<}S
我见他进来又出去。 HqXaT6#/
They felt the car moving fast. 2`,{IHu*!
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 c #+JG
I heard the glass broken just now. w^09|k
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 uUb[Dqn
He found the doctor of study closed to him. UahFs
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。