英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: iU.!oeR?
S十V主谓结构 AmP#'U5
S十V十F主系表结构 ~D<7W4c
S十V十O主谓宾结构 7h(HG?2Y
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 U*
-%
M
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 > .a+:
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 pGO|~:E/L
五个基本句式详细解释如下: qlz( W
1.S十V句式
m"96:v
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: I8%d;G~
He runs quickly. k\sc }z8X
他跑得快。 l[tY,Y:4qO
They listened carefully. qzuQq94k
他们听得很仔细。 ;b, -$A
He suffered from cold and hunger. 5F'%i;)oq
他挨冻受饿。 aO~si=
China belongs to the third world country. :iP>z}h
中国属于第三世界国家。 nAQyxP%
The gas has given out. Gg
7WmL
煤气用完了。 *>H M$.?Q
My ink has run out. l=oN X"l=
我的钢笔水用完了。 XkM s
2.S十V十P句式 AyQS4A.s[
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ovhC42i
He is older than he looks.
`_NnQ%
他比看上去要老。 r
Iya\z1W
He seen interested in the book. &"U9X"8b
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 2ApDpH`fiJ
The story sounds interesting. 3v8V*48B$
这个故事听起来有趣。 -/(DPx
The desk feels hard. :zizca4
书桌摸起来很硬。 eT7!a']x
The cake tastes nice. F&W0DaH
饼尝起来很香。 Tf&f`/
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. /0B07B
花闻起来香甜。 jMm_A#V>p
You have grown taller than before. A}>|tm7|
你长得比以前高了。 HGP%a1RF#
He has suddenly fallen ill. O:oU`vE
他突然病倒了。 ?$"x^=te7
He stood quite still. <Um1h:^
他静静地站看。 2ru*#Z#(
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. B)j`}7O06
他长大后当了教师。 mhHA!:
Y
He could never turn traitor to his country. P.[6s$J
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 F]K$u<U
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: *6 z'+
'
He looked me up and down. p=8
M0k
他上下打量我。 xh+
AZ3
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. LW83Y/7
他伸出手来摸象。 ~>}dse
They are tasting the fish. c
t2_N
他们在品尝鱼。 %:'1_@Ot2
They grow rice in their home town. |:7EJkKZ
他们在家乡种水稻。 ?YkO+?}+
He's got a chair to sit on. JqVBT+:
他有椅子坐。 HobGl0<y
Please turn the sentence into English. z. _C*c
请把这个句于泽成英语。 0,vj,ic*WX
3.S十V十O句式 r
48;_4d)D
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ~WYE"(
I saw a film yesterday. PK.h E{R
我昨天看了一部电影。 /H\^l.|vk
Have you read the story? J-eA,9J
你读过这个故事吗? M@!]U:5~V
They found their home easily. &P,4EaC9;
他们很容易找到他们的家。 ?FY@fO?es
They built a house last year. ;i-D~Np|
他们去年建了一所房子。 cjy0s+>>
They've put up a factory in the village. 6S! lD=
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 , IMT '*
They have taken good care of the children. W{$+mow7S
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 XqE55Jclp
You should look after your children well. 6bRQL}[
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 r$3~bS$]
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 fr,CH{Uq
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: %Zl
_{Q]h
He gave me a book/a book to me. $E4O^0%/p
他给我一本书。 I).^,%>Z)
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. *xZQG9`kt
他带给我一枝钢笔。 t;e]L'z@:
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. W(PW9J9
他把座位让给我。 A\PV@w%Ai
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ZAnO$pA
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. K&Wv.}=V
妈妈给我买了一本书。 VtPoc(o4]
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 66"ZH,335
他给我弄了一把椅子。 qI V`zZc
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. j9L+.UVI,
请帮我一下。 g6a3MJV`
He asked me a question/a question of me. d,Dg"Z
他问我个问题。 um0}`Xq ^
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: fY\tvo%
They robbed the old man of his money. O,xAu}6f+
他们抢了老人的钱。 RWh}?vs_
He's warned me of the danger. 9jzLXym
他警告我注意危险。 ##+8GLQM
The doctor has cured him of his disease. ,w58n%)H
医生治好了他的病。 e[k;SSs
We must rid the house of th erats. j
n&9<"W
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 %Pvb>U(Xs
They deprived him of his right to speak. 4oaP"T@6
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 _ L:w;Oy9T
5.S十V十O十C句式 eS# 0-
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 uA}FuOE6
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ?28GQyk4
They made the girl angry. {j=hQL3
他们使这个女孩生气了。 }Yl8Q>t
They found her happy that day. E~
O>m8hF
他们发现那天她很高兴。 #1!BD!u
I found him out. I;m@cSJ|j
我发现他出去了。 d@`:9
G3
I saw him in. 0}C}\1
我见他在家。 T^H ) lC#R
They saw a foot mark in the sand. :<7>-+pa
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 {kO:HhUg
They named the boy Charlie. xcRrI|?eC
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 3bL2fsn5
I saw him come in and go out. A(sx5Ynp
我见他进来又出去。 `TR9GWU+B
They felt the car moving fast. ej53O/hP
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 jP6G.aiO
I heard the glass broken just now. [goPmVe+
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 E1Aa2
He found the doctor of study closed to him. ?B:wV?-`
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。