英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Df=zrs["
S十V主谓结构 -0Q^k\X-
S十V十F主系表结构 o Np4> 7Lk
S十V十O主谓宾结构 [C( >e0r
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 yMBFw:/o
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 cK6IyJx-
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 i0*6o3h
五个基本句式详细解释如下: >y^zagC*
1.S十V句式 h!~u^Z.7<
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 4dUr8]BkG
He runs quickly. K 6HH_T
他跑得快。 ,: 4+hJ<q
They listened carefully.
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他们听得很仔细。 J)a^3>
He suffered from cold and hunger. h|Udw3N1L
他挨冻受饿。 ]>k>Z#8E*
China belongs to the third world country. 3hbUus
中国属于第三世界国家。 rdQ'#}Ix
The gas has given out. {B+{2;Zk
煤气用完了。 l?swW+x\
My ink has run out. R|O."&CAB
我的钢笔水用完了。 'Z ,T,zW
2.S十V十P句式 `]\:%+-
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: LFV'
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He is older than he looks. M8iI e:{ c
他比看上去要老。 30nR2mB
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He seen interested in the book. 29GcNiE`T
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ?q+^U>wy&
The story sounds interesting. /6a617?9J
这个故事听起来有趣。 /|z_z%=
The desk feels hard. E<
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书桌摸起来很硬。 _4h[q4Z
The cake tastes nice. |FrZ,(\
饼尝起来很香。 r>gU*bs(
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ,.T k"\@
花闻起来香甜。 ;fnE"}
You have grown taller than before. <764|q
你长得比以前高了。 `SGI
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He has suddenly fallen ill.
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他突然病倒了。 .B|a.-oA4
He stood quite still. mbh;oX+
他静静地站看。 dl&402
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. +`H{
他长大后当了教师。 jVhfpS[
He could never turn traitor to his country. )RE~=*?d
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 s@c.nT%BYL
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: c (Gl3^
He looked me up and down. >4N=P0=
他上下打量我。 E5U{.45
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ]&l%L4Z
他伸出手来摸象。 4RXF.kJ3=
They are tasting the fish. tQ >
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他们在品尝鱼。 Lj(y>{y
They grow rice in their home town. Oe^oigcM
他们在家乡种水稻。 tf+5@Zf]4
He's got a chair to sit on. +S3r]D3v/
他有椅子坐。 sF=8E8qa
Please turn the sentence into English. .oR_r1\y
请把这个句于泽成英语。 3+v+_I>%k
3.S十V十O句式 z8"(Yy7m
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: DKGZm<G>
I saw a film yesterday. (2vf
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我昨天看了一部电影。 cqyrao3;
Have you read the story? yj+HU5L4
你读过这个故事吗?
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They found their home easily. kj4t![o+
他们很容易找到他们的家。 4}\Dr
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They built a house last year. `?PpzDV7Y
他们去年建了一所房子。 TnvX&Y'
They've put up a factory in the village. e
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 mq(*4KFWJ2
They have taken good care of the children.
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 IO4 8sV }
You should look after your children well. zU7/P|Dw+
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 ]5=C3Y
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 Rf~? u)h1
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ?l3PDorR
He gave me a book/a book to me. y,`SLgBID
他给我一本书。 aNW!Y':*
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. MJ)aY2
他带给我一枝钢笔。 Y
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. H#LlxD)q
他把座位让给我。 laQM*FLg
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:
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Mother bought me a book/a book for me. ,/qS1W(
妈妈给我买了一本书。 A;4O,p@
He got me a chair/a chair for me. UqP
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 c%|18dV
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. W+'|zhn
请帮我一下。 .mse.$TK.^
He asked me a question/a question of me. (oYM}#Q
他问我个问题。 ]Y%?kQ^
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: er0hf2N]
They robbed the old man of his money. U(.3[x
他们抢了老人的钱。 vq
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He's warned me of the danger. Uv(T
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他警告我注意危险。 9K>$
The doctor has cured him of his disease. +~6gP!
医生治好了他的病。 03iD(,@
We must rid the house of th erats. &J\V
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 DL ^}?Ve
They deprived him of his right to speak. 8h&Ed=gi
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 PTu~PVbp4
5.S十V十O十C句式 qc*z`Wz:
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 7PDz ]i
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ![wV}.}
They made the girl angry. p
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 y%X{[F
They found her happy that day. k+au42:r
他们发现那天她很高兴。 Zd/ACZ[
I found him out. 7/"g}
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我发现他出去了。 'V reO52
I saw him in. <z3:*=!
我见他在家。 A9_)}
They saw a foot mark in the sand. s
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 Z:l.{
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They named the boy Charlie. By| y:
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 o(,u"c/Or
I saw him come in and go out. "y_A xOH
我见他进来又出去。 k%iZ..
They felt the car moving fast. WXqrx*?*+
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ;?/v}$Pa
I heard the glass broken just now. %&L]k>n^
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Z
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. k<xiP@b{y
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。