英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: jw/'*e
S十V主谓结构 d98))G~W
S十V十F主系表结构 :`+|'*b(A
S十V十O主谓宾结构 Ci]'G>F@"
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 DAjG*K{
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 l;XU#6{
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 "
S
c5qG
五个基本句式详细解释如下: :dc"b?Ch
1.S十V句式 q%OcLZ<,
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 5~@?>)TBv
He runs quickly. \p5|}<Sr)
他跑得快。 ;Ay>+M2O
They listened carefully. ~gu=x&{
他们听得很仔细。 NFB*1_m
He suffered from cold and hunger. /Jh1rck
他挨冻受饿。 _REqT
China belongs to the third world country. ~'NX~<m
中国属于第三世界国家。 c*N50%=4
The gas has given out. !cRfZ
煤气用完了。 Y
Sqv86
My ink has run out. Kb^>X{
我的钢笔水用完了。 Wu4ot0SZ
2.S十V十P句式 JDkCUN 5
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: Dq?E\
He is older than he looks. `-4'/~G
他比看上去要老。 `q%U{IR
He seen interested in the book. },rav]
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ovo/!YJ2
The story sounds interesting. IrJ+Jov
这个故事听起来有趣。 nt=x]wEC
The desk feels hard. E(_KN[}S
书桌摸起来很硬。 (/&;jV2DD[
The cake tastes nice. 7skljw(
饼尝起来很香。 Z(p*Z,?u
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. jO=*:
{#x
花闻起来香甜。 :V-k'hm
&
You have grown taller than before. fmFzW*,E
你长得比以前高了。 $0#6"urG
He has suddenly fallen ill. |k6O
x*
他突然病倒了。 FY8!g'.Oe
He stood quite still. dByjcTPA
他静静地站看。 Z ] '>
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ,HZYG4,
他长大后当了教师。 Rv<L#!;
t
He could never turn traitor to his country. {(}yG_Q]!
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 !4t`Hv?'
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: MWs~#ReZ
He looked me up and down. qp>N^)>
他上下打量我。 L6+C]t}>6
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Me,<\rQ
他伸出手来摸象。 [(ygisqt
They are tasting the fish. I^
G^J M!
他们在品尝鱼。
&tj0M.-
They grow rice in their home town. !^iwQ55e2A
他们在家乡种水稻。 w{`Acu
He's got a chair to sit on. tuxRVV8l
他有椅子坐。 vd
(?$
Please turn the sentence into English. \}#@9=
请把这个句于泽成英语。 jO8X:j09A
3.S十V十O句式 ^=+e?F`:{
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: mI"D(bx\
I saw a film yesterday. OCNPi4
我昨天看了一部电影。 I\zemW!
Have you read the story? n@
[
你读过这个故事吗? S!hXf|*0[
They found their home easily. .
'T 40=7
他们很容易找到他们的家。 9S>g6}[E#0
They built a house last year. eT[&L @l]b
他们去年建了一所房子。 m Ni2b*k
They've put up a factory in the village. z%sy$^v@vD
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 BzN@gQo
They have taken good care of the children. z9DcnAs
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 (3;@^S4&w
You should look after your children well. Y#HI;Y^RP
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 (=c1
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 <)U4Xz
?
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: "2{%JFE
He gave me a book/a book to me. P@0Y./Ds
他给我一本书。 qP1FJ89H
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. I7(?;MpI
他带给我一枝钢笔。 Zu/<NC
(
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ;Ii1B{W
他把座位让给我。 Kq)MTlP0g
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: rv7{Ow_Y
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. %d;ezY '2
妈妈给我买了一本书。 nwmW.(R4
He got me a chair/a chair for me. )rm4cW_
他给我弄了一把椅子。 c#cx>wq9
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. #07!-)Gv
请帮我一下。 ~Z)/RT/
He asked me a question/a question of me. Um.q
RZ?
他问我个问题。 j
!H^-d}q
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 3tAU?sV!
They robbed the old man of his money. \6!W05[ Q
他们抢了老人的钱。 I)SG wt-
He's warned me of the danger. Mps5Vv
他警告我注意危险。 mUoIJ3fv_,
The doctor has cured him of his disease. rS8 w\`_
医生治好了他的病。 O XP\R
We must rid the house of th erats. t18$x"\4k
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 WyhhCR=;
They deprived him of his right to speak. S<wj*"|.s
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 \cJa;WM>
5.S十V十O十C句式 98XVa\|tl
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 "sUyHt -&
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 \wvg,j=
They made the girl angry. zbkMFD.{y
他们使这个女孩生气了。 <If35Z)~
They found her happy that day. ,E )|y4
他们发现那天她很高兴。 \*t~==WB
I found him out. EbNd=Z'J
我发现他出去了。 b\7iY&.C|
I saw him in. ~nLN`Hd
我见他在家。 s@4nWe
They saw a foot mark in the sand. s"KJiQKGM
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
(.Y/
They named the boy Charlie. *
jq7X
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 }n:?7
I saw him come in and go out. Y$K!7Kq
我见他进来又出去。 .wA+S8}S
They felt the car moving fast. jEdtJEPa
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 ^ <`(lyph
I heard the glass broken just now. CK+d!Eg
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 )::>q5c
He found the doctor of study closed to him. k*rZ*sSp
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。