英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: JR@.R
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S十V主谓结构 on8WQf'A#
S十V十F主系表结构 8@PX7!9
S十V十O主谓宾结构 ]r-C1bKD`
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 Nx-uQ^e*1
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ]q6;#EUr?
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 4&HXkRs:
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 3
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1.S十V句式 <&!v1yR
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ^::EikpF%
He runs quickly. iA,kX\nK
他跑得快。 I"1;|`L~:
They listened carefully. {VP$J"\e
他们听得很仔细。 >j{z>
He suffered from cold and hunger. 4:7V./" 9
他挨冻受饿。 ^0#;YOk
China belongs to the third world country. 1RKW2RCaW_
中国属于第三世界国家。 )I\=BPo|B
The gas has given out. ;r/;m\V
煤气用完了。 unJ R=~E
My ink has run out. @VN&t:/ l
我的钢笔水用完了。 4G@nZn
2.S十V十P句式 HAYMX:%
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: A!vCb
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He is older than he looks. >3gi yeJ
他比看上去要老。 {"vkji>
He seen interested in the book. ^VT1vu
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 }YOL"<,:o
The story sounds interesting. kGkA:g:
这个故事听起来有趣。 0GDvwy D1
The desk feels hard. &ff&Y.q~
书桌摸起来很硬。 WS2osBc
The cake tastes nice. =N);v\ Q$!
饼尝起来很香。 |K
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. i{^Z1;Yl
花闻起来香甜。 >%Ee#m
You have grown taller than before. B`$L'
你长得比以前高了。 3E^M?N2oc
He has suddenly fallen ill. d
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他突然病倒了。 `A/j1UWJ
He stood quite still. ftk%EYT;
他静静地站看。 (IbW;bV
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 9H]_4?aX
他长大后当了教师。 4y}"Hy
He could never turn traitor to his country. t j Vh^
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 P5QQpY{<I
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: IO.<q,pP!_
He looked me up and down. P`1EPF
他上下打量我。 M] V.!z9B
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ]"fsW 9s
他伸出手来摸象。 |f2A89
They are tasting the fish. x;BbTBc>
他们在品尝鱼。 HO|-@yOF^
They grow rice in their home town. {#Q\z>
他们在家乡种水稻。 ES:!Vx9t0|
He's got a chair to sit on. `kBnSi o~
他有椅子坐。 _94s(~g:
Please turn the sentence into English. Vj^dD9:
请把这个句于泽成英语。 3=4SGt5m
3.S十V十O句式 ?H;{~n?
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: =LH}YUm
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I saw a film yesterday. m24v@?*
我昨天看了一部电影。 (7q^FtjA#
Have you read the story? [F([
你读过这个故事吗? B1T5f1;uY
They found their home easily. R ZcH+?7
他们很容易找到他们的家。 saK;[&I*
They built a house last year. *=nO
他们去年建了一所房子。 {/UhUG
They've put up a factory in the village. ;~tsF.=
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 ,nE&
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They have taken good care of the children. X5E
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 )A83A<~
You should look after your children well. %-^}45](q
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 $N\
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 jU$Y>S>l
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: NWISS
He gave me a book/a book to me. KM5 JZZP
他给我一本书。 DT? m/*
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Jr
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 Jk*QcEE=
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. + U5U.f%
他把座位让给我。 `@\^m_!}
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 0WS|~?OR@
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. *R!]47Y d
妈妈给我买了一本书。 w{P6i<J
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 65"uD7;
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. &G=0
请帮我一下。 +
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He asked me a question/a question of me. (olLB
他问我个问题。 7uA\&/
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注意,下边动词只有一种说法: R}.3|0
They robbed the old man of his money. @:IL/o*
他们抢了老人的钱。 L
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He's warned me of the danger. 2moIgJ
他警告我注意危险。 e9}8RHy1$
The doctor has cured him of his disease. U>1b9G"_
医生治好了他的病。 ( w5f(4
We must rid the house of th erats. ?0m?7{
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 `_0)kdu
They deprived him of his right to speak. [Q=4P*G}X
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 N@}gLBf
5.S十V十O十C句式 7NeDs$
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 %-k(&T3&
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 |C|:i@c
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They made the girl angry. v/ eB
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 !4_!J (q%
They found her happy that day. w
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 kO jEY
I found him out. ?${V{=)*X'
我发现他出去了。 pAMo
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I saw him in. B U'Ki \
我见他在家。 >Sh0dFqeT
They saw a foot mark in the sand. Ls lM$
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 M\9IlV?'
They named the boy Charlie. rtcJ=`)0`
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 >s44
I saw him come in and go out. +yt 6.L
我见他进来又出去。 PnI)n=(\
They felt the car moving fast. 8rla0d@
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 $U\!q@'$
I heard the glass broken just now. sV]i/B
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 FpwlV}:
He found the doctor of study closed to him. IvPA|8(
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。