¼ÓÈëVIP ÉÏ´«¿¼²©×ÊÁÏ ÄúµÄÁ÷Á¿ Ôö¼ÓÁ÷Á¿ ¿¼²©±¨°à ÿÈÕÇ©µ½
   
Ö÷Ìâ : ±±¾©´óѧ·ÖÉú±Ê¼Ç1
¼¶±ð: ³õ¼¶²©ÓÑ
ÏÔʾÓû§ÐÅÏ¢ 
Â¥Ö÷  ·¢±íÓÚ: 2007-12-30   

±±¾©´óѧ·ÖÉú±Ê¼Ç1

±±¾©´óѧ·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ±Ê¼Ç >k"/:g^t  
µÚÒ»Õ »ùÒòµÄ½á¹¹ VK8 5A  
µÚÒ»½Ú »ùÒòºÍ»ùÒò×é oE}1D?3Sp  
Ò»¡¢»ùÒò(gene) :WE(1!P@  
ÊǺϳÉÒ»ÖÖ¹¦Äܵ°°×»òRNA·Ö×ÓËù±ØÐëµÄÈ«²¿DNAÐòÁУ® +PjH2  
Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÕæºË»ùÒò°üÀ¨ qjuX1 6o  
¢Ù±àÂëÐòÁСªÍâÏÔ×Ó(exon) ZhW>H  
¢Ú²åÈëÍâÏÔ×ÓÖ®¼äµÄ·Ç±àÂëÐòÁСªÄÚºÏ×Ó(intron) !$P&`n]@  
¢Û5'-¶ËºÍ3'-¶Ë·Ç·­ÒëÇø(UTR) V1M oW;&  
¢Üµ÷¿ØÐòÁÐ(¿ÉλÓÚÉÏÊöÈýÖÖÐòÁÐÖÐ) /_v@YB!0  
¾ø´ó¶àÊýÕæºË»ùÒòÊǶÏÁÑ»ùÒò(split-gene)£¬ÍâÏÔ×Ó²»Á¬Ðø¡£ M(xd:Fa?  
¶þ¡¢»ùÒò×é(genome) C*=#=.~~{  
Ò»Ìض¨ÉúÎïÌåµÄÕûÌ×(µ¥±¶Ìå)ÒÅ´«ÎïÖʵÄ×ܺͣ¬ jT%k{"+>+?  
»ùÒò×éµÄ´óСÓÃÈ«²¿DNAµÄ¼î»ù¶Ô×ÜÊý±íʾ¡£ ;kY'DKL(  
ÈË»ùÒò×é3X1 09(30ÒÚbp)£¬¹²±àÂëÔ¼10Íò¸ö»ùÒò¡£ |d&a&6U:  
ÿÖÖÕæºËÉúÎïµÄµ¥±¶Ìå»ùÒò×éÖеÄÈ«²¿DNAÁ¿³ÆΪCÖµ£¬Óë½ø»¯µÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ²¢²»Ò»ÖÂ(C-value Paradox)¡£ %R(1^lFI$  
ÈËÀà»ùÒò×é¼Æ»®£¨human genome project, HGP£© 8sLp! O;f2  
»ùÒò×éѧ£*****enomics£©,½á¹¹»ùÒò×éѧ£¨structural genomics£©ºÍ¹¦ÄÜ»ùÒò×éѧ£¨functional genomics£©¡£ #)z_TM07P  
µ°°×ÖÊ×飨proteome£©ºÍµ°°×ÖÊ×éѧ£¨proteomics£© D3N\$D  
µÚ¶þ½Ú ÕæºËÉúÎï»ùÒò×é 6p])2]N>p  
Ò»¡¢ÕæºËÉúÎï»ùÒò×éµÄÌص㣺 £¬ X0O@,  
¢ÙÕæºË»ùÒò×éDNAÔÚϸ°ûºËÄÚ´¦ÓÚÒÔºËСÌåΪ»ù±¾µ¥Î»µÄȾɫÌå½á¹¹ÖУ® B[}#m'Lv  
¢ÚÕæºË»ùÒò×éÖУ¬±àÂëÐòÁÐÖ»Õ¼Õû¸ö»ùÒò×éµÄºÜС²¿·Ö(2¡ª3£¥)£¬ Cwl#(; @  
¶þ¡¢ÕæºË»ùÒò×éÖÐDNAÐòÁеķÖÀà • )Z2HzjE  
(Ò»)¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐ(Öظ´´ÎÊý>lO5) ?*){%eE  
ÎÀÐÇDNA(Satellite DNA) ;b-Y$<  
(¶þ)ÖжÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐ h.(CAm%Y7  
1£®ÖжÈÖظ´ÐòÁеÄÌصã ED [` Y.;  
¢ÙÖظ´µ¥Î»ÐòÁÐÏàËÆ£¬µ«²»ÍêÈ«Ò»Ñù£¬ x8+W9i0[1  
¢ÚÉ¢ÔÚ·Ö²¼ÓÚ»ùÒò×éÖУ® |]y]K%  
¢ÛÐòÁеij¤¶ÈºÍ¿½±´Êý·Ç³£²»¾ùÒ»£¬ gP:mZ7  
¢ÜÖжÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐÒ»°ã¾ßÓÐÖÖÊôÌØÒìÐÔ£¬¿É×÷ΪDNA±ê¼Ç£® HG{r\jh  
¢ÝÖжÈÖظ´ÐòÁпÉÄÜÊÇת×ùÔª¼þ(·µ×ù×Ó)£¬ O0 [.*xG  
2£®ÖжÈÖظ´ÐòÁеķÖÀà 4Hc+F (  
¢Ù³¤É¢ÔÚÖظ´ÐòÁÐ(long interspersed repeated segments£®) LINES ,'N8Ivt  
¢Ú¶ÌÉ¢ÔÚÖظ´ÐòÁÐ(Short interspersed repeated segments) SINES FwKT_XkY  
SINES£º³¤¶È<500bp£¬¿½±´Êý>105£®ÈçÈËAluÐòÁÐ VPBlU  
LINEs£º³¤¶È>1000bp(¿É´ï7Kb),¿½±´Êý104-105£¬ÈçÈËLINEl KsZd.Rf=@  
(Èý)µ¥¿½±´ÐòÁÐ(Unique Sequence) ,e<(8@BBL  
°üÀ¨´ó¶àÊý±àÂëµ°°×ÖʵĽṹ»ùÒòºÍ»ùÒò¼ä¼ä¸ôÐòÁУ¬ LX5, _`B  
Èý¡¢»ùÒò¼Ò×å(gene family) ?Zu2=<DU  
Ò»×鹦ÄÜÏàËÆÇÒºËÜÕËáÐòÁоßÓÐͬԴÐԵĻùÒò£®¿ÉÄÜÓÉijһ¹²Í¬ p}I ,!~}  
×æÏÈ»ùÒò(ancestral gene)¾­Öظ´(duplication)ºÍÍ»±ä²úÉú¡£ K)=<hL  
»ùÒò¼Ò×åµÄÌص㣺 I Wc?E  
¢Ù»ùÒò¼Ò×åµÄ³ÉÔ±¿ÉÒÔ´®ÁªÅÅÁÐÔÚÒ»Æð£¬ÐγɻùÒò´Ø(gene cluster)»ò´®ÁªÖظ´»ùÒò(tandemly repeated genes)£¬ÈçrRNA¡¢tRNAºÍ×éµ°°×µÄ»ùÒò£» F-0|&0  
¢ÚÓÐЩ»ùÒò¼Ò×åµÄ³ÉÔ±Ò²¿ÉλÓÚ²»Í¬µÄȾɫÌåÉÏ£¬ÈçÖéµ°°×»ùÒò£» AM?6 2  
¢ÛÓÐЩ³ÉÔ±²»²úÉúÓй¦ÄܵĻùÒò²úÎÕâÖÖ»ùÒò³ÆΪ¼Ù»ùÒò (Pseudogene)£® G>Uam TM  
¦·a1±íʾÓëa1ÏàËƵļٻùÒò£® Ky(=O1Ufu  
¼Ù»ùÒò·ÖÀà¡£¼Ó¹¤¹ýµÄ¼Ù»ùÒò(processed pseudogene)¡£ 1HPYW7jk@"  
µäÐ͵ĻùÒò¼Ò×å St 4YNS.|  
1£®tRNA»ùÒò vK@t=d  
µ¥±¶ÌåÈË»ùÒò×éÖÐ1300¸ötRNA»ùÒò£¬tRNA»ùÒò´Ø£® "kH Ft|%@  
2£®rRNA»ùÒò j6@5"wx  
>l00copy£®rRNA»ùÒò´Ø(Öظ´µ¥Ôª28S¡¢18S¡¢5.8s-rRNA) Vm +e%  
3£®×éµ°°×»ùÒò H! IL5@@K  
30-40copy£®¶¨Î»£º7q32-q36 m 3k}iIU7  
×éµ°°×»ùÒò´Ø(Öظ´µ¥Î»£ºH1£¬H2A£¬H2B£¬H3¡¢H4) @ -9u;aL  
Ìص㣺ÎÞintron£¬Poly(A)- RNA£® UTT7a"  
4£®Öéµ°°×»ùÒò 0uZ 'j  
¦ÁÀࣺ16p13£¬»ùÒò´Ø(24Kb)£º5¡¯¡ª¦Æ¡ª¦·¦Æ¡ª¦·¦Á1¡ª¦Á2¡ª¦Á1¡ª3¡¯ Y5rR  
¦ÂÀࣺ11p15£¬»ùÒò´Ø(60Kb)£º5¡¯¡ª ¦Æ¡ªGr¡ªAr¡ª¦·¦Â¡ª¦Ä¡ª¦Â¡ª3¡¯ Dl/Jlsd@  
ËÄ¡¢³¬»ùÒò¼Ò×å(Supergene family £¬Superfamily) o'uv5asdb  
ÓÉ»ùÒò¼Ò×åºÍµ¥»ùÒò×é³ÉµÄ´ó»ùÒò¼Ò×壬½á¹¹ÉÏÓг̶Ȳ»µÈµÄͬԴÐÔ£¬µ«¹¦Äܲ»Í¬£® D`|.%  
Îå¡¢ÈËÀà»ùÒò×éÖеÄÖظ´ÐòÁбê¼Ç ~D[5AXV`^  
1¡¢A1uÐòÁÐ *p&c}2'  
µ¥±¶ÌåÈË»ùÒò×é50Íò-100Íò¿½±´£¬Æ½¾ùÿ¸ô3-6Kb¾ÍÓÐÒ»¸öAluÐòÁУ¬ qQz f&"  
ÈËA1uÐòÁг¤300bp£º gA`x-`  
2X130bpÖظ´ÐòÁУ» u>e4;f`F  
+31bp¼ä¸ôÐòÁÐ(Öмä)£» DH@})TN*O  
Á½²à7-21bpÕýÏòÖظ´(direct repeats)£¬·µ×ù×Ó? aDXdr\ C6  
AluÐòÁй㷺ɢ²¼ÓÚÈË»ùÒò×飬Լ90%ËÈ¿Ë¡µÄÈË»ùÒòºÏÓÐAluÐòÁÐ R[ 'k&jyi  
AluÐòÁбêÖ¾¡£ c(:qid  
2¡¢¿É±äÊý´®ÁªÖظ´ • £¬ •  @%8Xa7+  
Variable number tamdem repeat£¬ VNTR£® OB-2xmZW  
ÓÖ³ÆСÎÀÐÇDNA(minisatellite DNA) 7hQf T76h  
ÓɶÌÖظ´µ¥Î»(6-40bp)´®ÁªÖظ´(6-100´ÎÒÔÉÏ)¶ø³É£¬¶àλÓÚ»ùÒòµÄ·Ç±àÂëÇø£¬¹ã·º·Ö²¼¡£ =v (MdjwFl  
VNTR¶à̬ÐÔ¡ª·Ö×Ó±ê¼Ç¡ªDNAÖ¸ÎÆͼ£¨fingerprint£©. H\Bh Af  
СÎÀÐÇDNAÍ»±äÓëÖ×Áö£¬H-Ras¡£ A>S Xc%K  
3¡¢¶Ì´®ÁªÖظ´£¨short tandem repeat,STR£© QEUr+7[  
ÓÖ³Æ΢ÎÀÐÇDNA£¨microstallite DNA£© Ib$*w)4:  
2-6¸öºËÜÕËá×é³ÉµÄÖظ´µ¥Î»´®ÁªÖظ´(10-60´Î),Á½²àΪÌØÒìµÄµ¥¿½±´ÐòÁУ¬ÈË»ùÒò×éÖÐÿl0kb DNAÐòÁÐÖÁÉÙÒ»¸öSTRÐòÁС£ BC/oh+FW3  
{CA)n£¬50£¬000-100£¬000¿½±´£® Yn0l}=, n  
ÐÂÒ»´úÒÅ´«±ê¼Ç£¬ÈËÀà»ùÒò×éÑо¿£¬Ö×Áö£¬ÒÅ´«²¡£® %j '_I\  
µÚÈý½Ú ÏßÁ£Ìå»ùÒò×é <ZF,3~v?  
ÈËÏßÁ£Ìå»ùÒò×éµÄÌص㣺 UIpW#t  
1¡¢ÈËÏßÁ£Ìå»ùÒò×éΪ16£¬569bpµÄË«Á´±Õ»··Ö×Ó£¬Ò»ÌõÁ´ÎªÖØÁ´(HÁ´)£¬Ò»ÌõÁ´ÎªÇáÁ´(LÁ´)£¬Á½ÌõÁ´¾ùÓбàÂ빦ÄÜ£¬Ã¿¸ömtDNA·ÖÓÚ±àÂë13ÖÖµ°°×ÖʺÍ24ÖֽṹRNA(22rRNA£¬2tRNA)£® \ow3_^Bk  
2¡¢ÏßÁ£ÌåDNAΪĸϵÒÅ´«£® `vkNp8|  
3¡¢½á¹¹»ùÒò²»º¬ÄÚº¬×Ó£¬²¿·ÖÇøÓòÓлùÒòÖصþ£¬Òò´Ë²¡ÀíÐÔmtDNAÍ»±ä¸üÒ×·¢Éú£® v^Vr^!3  
4¡¢mtDNAÍ»±äƵÂʸü¸ß£® 8XwZJ\5  
5¡¢ÏßÁ£ÌåDNAÍ»±äµÄ±íÐͱí´ïÓëºËDNA²»Í¬¡£ =N _7DT  
µÚËÄ½Ú Ï¸¾úºÍ²¡¶¾»ùÒò×é $]&0`F  
Ò»¡¢Ï¸¾ú»ùÒò×éµÄÌص㡣 iG:9uDY  
1£®¹¦ÄÜÏà¹ØµÄ¼¸¸ö½á¹¹»ùÒòÍùÍù´®ÁªÔÚ¡ªÆð£¬ÊÜËüÃÇÉÏÓεĹ²Í¬µ÷¿ØÇø¿ØÖÆ£¬ÐγɲÙ×Ý×ӽṹ£¬ xjm|ewo  
2£®½á¹¹»ùÒòÖÐûÓÐÄÚº¬×Ó£¬Ò²ÎÞÖصþÏÖÏó¡£ @ y{i.G  
3£®Ï¸¾úDNA´ó²¿·ÖΪ±àÂëÐòÁС£ 5kX#qT=  
¶þ¡¢²¡¶¾»ùÒò×éµÄÌصã 'Gn-8r+  
1£®Ã¿ÖÖ²¡¶¾Ö»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖºËËᣬ»òÕßDNA£¬»òÕßRNA£» pt"yJtM'P  
2£®²¡¶¾ºËËá´óС²î±ðºÜ´ó£¬3X103Ò»3X106bp£» [G(}`u8w"  
3£®³ýÄ没¶¾Í⣬ËùÓв¡¶¾»ùÒò¶¼Êǵ¥¿½±´µÄ¡£ ^uU'Qc4S=  
4£®´ó²¿·Ý²¡¶¾ºËËáÊÇÓÉÒ»ÌõË«Á´»òµ¥Á´·Ö×Ó(RNA»òDNA)£¬½öÉÙÊýRNA²¡¶¾Óɼ¸¸öºËËáƬ¶Î×é³É£® R.(cGZS  
5£®ÕæºË²¡¶¾»ùÒòÓÐÄÚº¬×Ó£¬¶øÊɾúÌ壨¸ÐȾϸ¾úµÄ²¡¶¾£©»ùÒòÖÐÎÞÄÚº¬×Ó£® W{0gtT0  
6£®ÓÐÖصþ»ùÒò£® V}leEf2'  
µÚÎå½Ú ȾɫÖʺÍȾɫÌå 6mawcK:7  
ϸ°û·ÖÁѼäÆÚ¡ªÈ¾É«ÖÊ(chromatin) >a5M:s)  
·ÖÁÑÆÚ¡ªÈ¾É«Ìå(chromosome) .JR"|;M}  
Ò»¡¢È¾É«ÖʵĻù±¾µ¥Î»¡ªºËСÌå &4aY5y`8+f  
(Ò»)ºËСÌå(nucleosome)½á¹¹ c=S-g 9J  
DNAÈÆÔÚ×éµ°°×°Ë¾ÛÌå(H2A¡¢H2B¡¢H3¡¢H4¸÷Ò»¶Ô)ºËÐÄÍâ1.8ÖÜ(146bp),ÐγɺËСÌåºËÐÄ¿ÅÁ£¡£ Dy>U=(S  
Á½¸öºËСÌåºËÐÄ¿ÅÁ£Ö®¼äÓÐLinker DNA(0-80bp)£¬ k+(UpO=/*  
ºËСÌåºËÐÄ¿ÅÁ£+Linker=ºËСÌå(³¤180-210bp) u )'l|Y  
ºËС ÌåDNA Ladder£® ;%Z%]nIS  
(¶þ)×éµ°°×(histone)£ºÒ»ÀàСµÄ´øÓзḻÕýµçºÉ<¸»º¬Lys£¬Arg)µÄºËµ°°×£¬ÓëDNAÓиßÇ׺ÍÁ¦£® \u|8M EB  
×éµ°°×·ÖÀࣺ M6ol/.G [  
1£®ºËСÌåºËÐÄ×éµ°°×£¬H2A£¬H2B£¬H3£¬H4¡£·Ö×ÓÁ¿½ÏС(102-135aa) &hK5WP6whW  
×÷ÓãºÅÌÈÆDNAÐγɺËСÌå ¡£ $gYy3y  
2£®H1×éµ°°×£º½Ï´ó(220aa)£¬×÷ÓãºÓëLinker DNA½áºÏºóÀûÓÚºËСÌåÎȶ¨ºÍ¸ü¸ß¼¶½á¹¹µÄÐγɕ ¡£ MoKGnb  
¶þ¡¢È¾É«Öʵĸ߼¶½á¹¹ 8"C;I=]8  
1¡¢30nmȾɫÖÊÏËË¿ £¬ 8&AHu  
2¡¢ñÈ»·½á¹¹(looped domain) ¡£ P,S$qD*4  
3¡¢Ï¸°û·ÖÁÑÆÚȾɫÌå w|6;Pf~1y)  
·ÖÁÑÆÚȾɫÌå=Ò»¶Ô½ãÃÃȾɫµ¥Ì壨Chromatid) 69Y>iPRU  
ÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑÖÐÆÚ46ÌõȾɫÌå°´´óСºÍÐÎ×´ÅÅÁеĵĹâѧÏÔ΢¾µÍ¼Ïñ³ÆΪÈ˵ÄȾɫÌåºËÐÍ(Karyotype) UX-l`ygl  
Èý¡¢È¾É«ÌåµÄ½á¹¹ÒªËØ ¡£ V24i8Qx  
(Ò»)£®×ÅË¿Á££¨centromere)£ºÏ¸°û·ÖÁÑʱȾɫÌåÓë·Â´¸Ë¿ÏàÁ¬½áµÄ²¿Î»£¬ÎªÈ¾É«ÌåµÄÕý³£·ÖÀëËù±ØÐè¡£ '/gw`MJ  
(¶þ)£®¶ËÁ£(telomere)£ºÕæºËÉúÎïÏß״ȾɫÌå·Ö×ÓÄ©¶ËµÄDNAÇøÓò "s']@Qv  
¶ËÁ£DNAµÄÌص㣺 (n&Hjz,Fv  
1¡¢Óɸ»º¬GµÄ¼òµ¥´®ÁªÖظ´ÐòÁÐ×é³É(³¤´ïÊýkb)£® GHQa{@m2V  
È˵ĶËÁ£DNAÖظ´ÐòÁУºTTAGGC¡£ N=) E$h  
2¡¢¶ËÁ£µÄÄ©¶Ë¶¼ÓÐÒ»Ìõ12-16¼î»ùµÄµ¥Á´3¡¯¶ËÍ»³ö¡£ E' p5  
¶ËÁ£µÄ×÷Ó㺷ÀÖ¹DNAÄ©¶Ë½µ½â£¬±£Ö¤È¾É«ÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐԺ͹¦ÄÜ U=<E,tM  
£¨Èý£©¡¢¸´ÖÆÔ­µã wW4/]soM  
µÚ¶þÕ DNAµÄ¸´ÖÆ¡¢ÐÞ¸´ºÍÖØ×é s'LY)_n  
µÚÒ»½Ú DNAµÄ¸´ÖÆ(DNA Replication) `pp"htm   
Ò»¡¢DNA¸´ÖƵĻù±¾ÌØÐÔ ziuhS4k  
1. °ë±£ÁôÐÔ(Semi-Conservative) 1>W|vOv"Z?  
Meselson-StahlʵÑé .tB[8Y=J  
2. Ë«Ïò¸´ÖÆ(Ò»°ã) C\7qAR\  
¸´ÖÆÆðʼµã(origin)+Á½²à¸´ÖƲæ=¸´ÖƵ¥Î»(¸´ÖÆ×Ó, Replicon) u1y c  
3.°ë²»Á¬ÐøÐÔ(Semi-discontinuous) W M/pP?||  
Ç°µ¼Á´(leading strand)-Á¬ÐøºÏ³É 4ze-N8<[  
Ëæ´ÓÁ´(Lagging Strand)-²»Á¬Ðø,ÓɸÚÆéƬ¶Î(okazaki fragment)Á¬½Ó¶ø³É. CT6Ca,  
¶þ¡¢DNA¸´ÖƱØÐèµÄ³É·Ý(ÕæºËÉúÎï) kV7c\|N9  
1.ȾɫÌåDNA¸´ÖƱØÐèÈýÖÖºËÜÕËáÐòÁТٸ´ÖÆÆðµã¢Ú×ÅË¿Á£¢Û¶ËÁ£. 8U B-(~  
2£® RNAÒýÎï(RNA Primer) Mn(:qQo^&`  
Ò»°ã8-14nt.´øÓÎÀë3'-OHÄ©¶Ë. 6xSdA;<+]  
3.²Î¼ÓDNA¸´ÖƵÄÖ÷ҪøºÍµ°°×ÖÊ H"4^  
¢Ù DNA¾ÛºÏø(DNA Polymerase) >Pv#)qtm  
ÕæºËDNA¸´ÖƵÄÖ÷ҪøDNA Pol a/¦Ä. u\zRWX  
¹¦ÄÜ:´Ó5'-3'·½ÏòÑÓÉìÓëÄ£°å»¥²¹µÄ×Ó´úÁ´. (3C6'Wt  
¢ÚÒý·¢Ã¸(Primase) C7&4,],  
ÓëÆäËû¶àÖÖµ°°××é³É¶àµ°°×¸´ºÏÌå-Òý·¢Ìå(Primosome).´ß»¯RNAÒýÎïºÏ³ÉºÍ¸´ÖÆÆðʼ. lz X0B&:  
¢ÛDNAÁ¬½Óø(DNA Ligase) '+BcPB?E  
´ß»¯Ò»¸öË«Á´DNAµÄ5'Á×ËáÓëÁíһ˫Á´DNAµÄ3'-OHÐγÉÁ×Ëá¶þõ¥¼ü. +*[lp@zU{  
¢ÜDNA½âÁ´Ã¸(DNA Helicase),´ò¿ªDNAË«Á´. heiIb|z  
¢ÝÔöֳϸ°ûºË¿¹Ô­(Proliferating cell nuclear antigen.PCNA) EBS04]5ul  
¸¨Öú´ß»¯Ç°µ¼Á´ºÏ³É. t^. U<M  
¢Þ¶ËÁ£Ã¸(Telomerase) +)Tt\Q%7  
Ä©¶Ë¸´ÖÆÎÊÌâ¡£ %-?HC jT  
¶ËÁ£Ã¸¸ºÔðȾɫÌåÄ©¶Ë(¶ËÁ£)¸´ÖÆ,ÊÇÓÉRNAºÍµ°°×ÖÊ×é³ÉµÄºËÌǺ˵°°×.ÆäÖеÄRNA³É·ÖÊǶËÁ£¸´ÖƵÄÄ£°å.(Òò´Ë¶ËÁ£ÊÇÄæת¼ø) +DS_'Tmr  
×÷ÓÃ:ά³Ö¶ËÁ£³¤¶È. I,D24W4l  
¶ËÁ£Ã¸»îÐÔ¿ÉÓûùÓÚPCRµÄ¡°TRAP¡±£¨Telomerase repeat amplification protocol£©·¨²â¶¨£¨Kim,N et al.,science,266,2011-2014(1994) fB[I1Z  
¶ËÁ£Óëϸ°ûÊÙÃü¡£ zzi%r=%r&  
¶ËÁ£¡¢¶ËÁ£Ã¸ÓëÖ×ÁöµÄ¹Øϵ£º¾ø´ó¶àÊý¶ñÐÔÖ×Áö¾ßÓжËÁ£Ã¸»îÐÔµ«¶ËÁ£Ëõ¶Ì£¬µ«Ò²ÓÐÔ¼5%µÄÖ×ÁöÎÞ¶ËÁ£Ã¸»îÐÔÇÒ¶ËÁ£½Ï³¤¡£ ZRO   
¶ËÁ£Ã¸×÷ΪеÄÖ×Áö±êÖ¾ºÍÖ×ÁöÖÎÁưеã. [*w^|b ?  
µÚ¶þ½Ú DNAÐÞ¸´£¨DNA repair£© %qRbl4  
DNAÐÞ¸´ÊÇά³Ö»ùÒò×éÍêÕûÐÔµÄÖØÒª»úÖÆ£¬ÔÚ±£»¤»ùÒò×é±ÜÃâ·¢Éú¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÖ×Áö»òÒÅ´«¼²²¡µÄÍ»±äÖÐÆð¹Ø¼üµÄ×÷Óᣠpo+>83/!oq  
ÒýÆðDNAËðÉ˵ÄÒòËØ£º :.6kXX'~  
1¡¢ ϸ°ûÄÚÔ´ÐÔËðÉËÒòËØ£º LhC%`w  
DNA¸´ÖÆ´íÎó£»×Ô·¢ËðÉË°üÀ¨¼î»ù»¥±äÒì¹¹¡¢¼î»ùÍÑ°±£¨C¡úU¡¢A¡úI£©ºÍ¼î»ù¶ªÊ§µÈ£»Ñõ»¯´úл¸±²úÎïÈç»îÐÔÑõÎïÖÊ£¨Reactive oxygen species£¬ROS£©µÄ¹¥»÷µÈ¡£ ,g%2-#L%  
2¡¢ »·¾³ÖеÄËðÉËÒòËØ£º r6&f I"Yg  
·øÉ䣨º¬×ÏÍâÏß¡¢XÉäÏߣ©²úÉúÐØÏÙà×शþ¾ÛÌ壻»¯Ñ§Ö°©ÎÑõ»¯ÍÑ°±£¬Í黯¼Á»ò´úл»î»¯ÎïÈç±½²¢ÜÅ¡¢»ÆÇúùËصȲúÉú¼î»ù¼ÓºÏÎ }s{RW<A  
Ò»¡¢¼î»ùÇгýÐÞ¸´(Base excision repair¡¢BER) Iq.*2aff+  
¸Ã;¾¶ÖÐ×î¹Ø¼üµÄÊDZØÐëͨ¹ýÒ»ÖÖÌÇÜÕø(glycosylase)ÏȳýÈ¥±äÒì¼î»ù(Èç±»Ñõ»¯¡¢Íé»ù»¯»òÍÑ°±µÄ¼î»ù)£¬¸ÃÌÇÜÕø´ß»¯Á¬½ÓËðÉ˼î»ùÓëÍÑÑõºËÌÇÖ®¼äµÄÌÇÜÕ¼üË®½â£¬ÊÍ·ÅÓÎÀë¼î»ù²¢ÔÚDNAÖвúÉúÒ»¸öÈ¥¼î»ùλµã£¬È»ºóÓÉÈ¥àÑßÊ£¯È¥à×à¤(AP)ºËËáÄÚÇÐø¡¢DNA¾ÛºÏøºÍDNAÁ¬½ÓøµÈÀûÓÃÏà¶ÔµÄÒ»ÌõÕý³£Á´ÎªÄ£°å½øÐÐÐÞ²¹ºÏ³É¡£ M >Yx_)<U  
BER;¾¶ÖеÄÖØÒªÌÇÜÕø£º #4_'%~-e  
(1)Äòà×à¤DNAÌÇÜÕø(UDG)£¬´ÓDNAÖгýÈ¥Äòà×़î»ù£» s2)a8 <  
(2)3¡ª¼×»ùÏÙàÑÒ÷(3MeA)DNAÌÇÜÕø£¬¿ÉÐÞ¸´Í黯¼Á²úÉúµÄËðÉË£» to9 u%d8  
(3)¸ºÔðÐÞ¸´DNAÑõ»¯ËðÉ˵ÄÌÇÜÕø£¨ÈçFpg£¯MutM DNAÌÇÜÕø£© Q+gd|^Vc9  
BERÊÇÐÞ¸´ÄÚÔ´ÐÔDNAËðÉË(×Ô·¢Ë®½â¡¢Íé»ù»¯ºÍ»îÐÔÑõ¹¥»÷)µÄÖ÷Ҫ;¾¶£¬Òò´Ë¶ÔÓÚ½µµÍ×Ô·¢Í»±äµÄƵÂÊ¡¢·ÀÖ¹Ö×Áö·¢ÉúÓÐÖØÒª×÷Óᣠ~{'.9  
¶þ¡¢ºËÜÕËáÇгýÐÞ¸´(Nucleotide excision repair£¬NER) w;}pebL:  
Ê×ÏÈÓɶà¾ÛÌ帴ºÏÎïʶ±ðËðÉË£¬ÔÙÔÚËðÉ˵ÄÁ½²à½øÐÐÇгý¡£Ëæ×ÅDNAÁ´±»½â¿ª£¬°üº¬ËðÉ˵ĵ¥Á´Æ¬¶ÎÊͷųöÀ´£¬ÁôϵÄȱ¿ÚÓÉDNA¾ÛºÏøÌî²¹£¬DNAÁ¬½Óø·â±Õ¡£¸Ã;¾¶°üÀ¨20ÖÖÒÔÉϵ°°×£¬¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸´×ÏÍâ·øÉäÓÕµ¼µÄ»·¶¡Íéà×शþ¾ÛÌå(CPD)ºÍ(6¡ª4)¹â²úÎï((6¡ª4)PPs)£¬ÒÔ¼°Ò»Ð©»¯Ñ§ÎïÖʲúÉúµÄ´ó¼ÓºÏÎï¡£ Y!* \=h6h  
È˵ÄNERϵͳÓйػùÒò¼°Æäµ°°×ÖʲúÎ﹦ÄÜ¡£ sG*1?  
NERϵͳȱÏÝÓë×ÅÉ«ÐÔ¸ÉƤ²¡£¨Xeroderm pigmentosum,XP£© MHmaut#  
NER¿ÉÔÙ·ÖΪ¶þÌõ×Ó;¾¶£º Rok` }t  
(1)È«»ùÒò×éÐÞ¸´(Global Genomic repair£¬GGR);¾¶£ºÐÞ¸´Õû¸ö»ùÒò×éÄÚµÄËðÉË£¬ÆäЧÂÊÈ¡¾öÓÚËðÉ˵Ļ¯Ñ§ÌØÐÔ¡¢ËðÉ˲¿Î»µÄDNAÐòÁкÍȾɫÖʽṹ¡£ Au,xIe!t  
(2)ת¼źÁªÐÞ¸´(Trancsription¡ªcoupled repair£¬TCR£¬)£ºÌØÒìµØÐÞ¸´»ùÒò×éÖоßÓÐת¼»îÐÔ(¼´±í´ï)µÄ»ùÒòµÄ±»×ªÂ¼DNAÁ´ÉϵÄËðÉË£¬¸Ã;¾¶µÄ ÌصãÊÇÒÀÀµRNA¾ÛºÏøII´ß»¯µÄת¼£¬ÆäÖеÄһЩµ°°×ÊÇÆÕͨת¼Òò×ÓTFIIH µÄÑÇ»ù¡£ tKgPKWP   
Èý¡¢´íÅäÐÞ¸´(Mismatch repair) B'>(kZYMs  
¸ºÔðÐÞ¸´DNA¸´Öƹý³ÌÖÐÓÉÓÚ´íÎó²ôÈë¶ø²úÉúµÄ´íÅä¡£ CsG1HR@  
STRÐòÁи´ÖÆ-Ä£°åÁ´µÄ»¬¶¯²úÉúСµÄ»·×´Í»³ö(loop)- Öظ´ÐòÁÐÀ©ÕÅ£¨expansion£©»ò¶ªÊ§£ºÎ¢ÎÀÐDz»Îȶ¨ÐÔ£¨microsatellite instability£© $EHAHNL?Lx  
E coliÖеÄMMR;¾¶ÐèÒªmutS,mutH,mutLºÍuvrD»ùÒò²úÎïºÍÌØÒìÐÔºËËáÍâÇÐø¡¢DNA¾ÛºÏøºÍDNAÁ¬½ÓøµÈ¡£ÔÚ½ÍĸºÍÈËÀàÒѼø¶¨ÁËmutS,mutHµÄ¶àÖÖͬԴÎï¡£ÒÅ´«ÐÔ·ÇÏ¢ÈâÐԽ᳦°©£¨HNPCC£©»ùÒòȱÏÝ¡£ z8FeL5.(  
΢ÎÀÐÔ²»Îȶ¨ÓëÖ×Áö¡£ÐµÄÖ×Áö»ùÒòÕï¶Ï±êÖ¾¡£ !7t,(Id8  
ËÄ¡¢ÖØ×éÐÞ¸´(Recomhinant repair) K0_/;a] |  
ÐÞ¸´DNAµÄÁ½ÌõÁ´¾ùÊÜËðÉ˵IJ¿Î»µÄË«Á´¶ÏÁÑ»òÁ´¼ä½»Á¬¡£ Dz;^'   
Further readings: Y,z15i3j?  
1 Wood RD£¬DNA repair in eukaryotes£¬Ann Rev Biochem£¬1996£¬65£º135¡ª167 DJP)V8]!B  
2 Krokan HE,et a1., DNA glycosylase in the base excision repair of DNA£®Biochem J£¬1997£¬325£º1¡ª16 UO$z_ p]w  
3 Vrieling H£¬et a1., Transcription coupled repair and its impact on mutagenesis£¬Mutation Res£¬1998£¬400£º135¡ª142 lx,^Y 647  
µÚÈý½Ú ÖØ×é(recombination) ujsJ;\c  
ÖØ×éµÄ±¾ÖÊÊÇ»ùÒòµÄÖØÅÅ»ò½»»».¼´2¸öDNA·Ö×Ó¼ä»òÒ»¸öDNA·Ö×ӵIJ»Í¬²¿Î»¼ä,ͨ¹ý¶ÏÁѺÍÖؽÓ,½»»»DNAƬ¶Î´Ó¶ø¸Ä±ä»ùÒòµÄ×éºÏºÍÐòÁÐ. 2 >G"A  
Ò».ͬԴÖØ×é(Homologous recombination) ,":_=Tf.  
Ö¸DNAͬԴÐòÁмäµÄÖØ×é,³£·¢ÉúÓÚÁ½¸ö½Ï³¤µÄͬԴDNAƬ¶Î»òͬԴȾɫÌåÖ®¼ä¡£ ¿Éͨ¹ýͬԴÖØ×齫ÍâÔ´»ùÒò¶¨Î»ÕûºÏµ½Ï¸°û»ùÒò×éÖÐ. iHhoNv`MR  
¶þ.ת×ù(transposition) fM,U|  
¿ÉÒƶ¯µÄDNAÔª¼þ(mobile DNA elements) g-j`Ex%  
-ת×ùÔª¼þ(Transposable element).ËüÊÇÖ¸ÄÇЩ¿ÉÔÚDNA·Ö×ÓÄÚ afOb-G$d=  
»òDNA·Ö×Ó¼äתÒƵÄDNAƬ¶Î. 6U)Lhf\'o  
ת×ùÔª¼þµÄתÒƹý³Ì-ת×ù ~]8bTw@  
ת×ùµÄÌصã: ,y@` =  
1.ת×ùºóÔ­À´Î»ÖõÄת×ùÔª¼þÐòÁÐÈÔÈ»±£Áô,µ«Í¬Ê±ÓÖ°ÑкϳɵÄDNA ¸´±¾²åÈëµ½ÁíÍâÒ»¸öλµã. E&r*[;$  
2.ת×ù¹ý³ÌÐèҪת×ùø(transposase).Ëü´ß»¯¶ÏÁѺÍÖؽÓÁ½²½Á¬ÐøµÄ ¹ý³Ì(ÐèÒªM2+) } _Yk.@J5  
3.ת×ùÔª¼þ²åÈëλÖõÄÁ½²èÓÐ3-12bpµÄÕýÏòÖظ´ÐòÁÐ(°ÐÐòÁÐ),ËüÊÇÓÉÓÚת×ùø´íλÇиîDNAÔì³ÉµÄ.ÕâÖÖ¶ÌÕýÏòÖظ´ÐòÁÐÊÇ´æÔÚת×ùÔª¼þµÄÌØÕ÷. N }Ozm6Mc  
ת×ùÔª¼þµÄ·ÖÀà wZN<Og+;  
¢Ùת×ù×Ó(transposon):ͨ¹ýDNA¸´ÖƶøתÒƵÄת×ùÔª¼þ. (wLzkV/6  
¢ÚÄæת×ù×Ó(retroposon)»ò·µ×ù×Ó,ͨ¹ýRNA½×¶ÎʵÏÖתÒƵÄת×ùÔª¼þ (DNA¡ú RNA¡ú DNA¡ú ²åÈëÐÂλµã) Wo=Q7~   
Äæת×ù×ÓÀý:Alu.LINE1.Äæ¼Ù»ùÒò(retro-pseudogene) )>08{7  
ת×ùµÄÒÅ´«Ð§Ó¦-µ¼Ö»ùÒòÖØÅÅ¡¢²åÈ롢ȱʧ¡£ E8#r<=(m  
µÚÈýÕ »ùÒò±í´ïµÄµ÷¿Ø YO o?.[}@  
»ùÒò±í´ï£ºDNA¡úmRNA¡úµ°°×ÖʵÄÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ¹ý³Ì w. exLC  
»ùÒò±í´ïµÄµ÷¿Ø  L>Bf}^  
µÚÒ»½Ú »ùÒòµÄ»î»¯ NFTEp0eP  
»ùÒòµÄ¡°¿ª¹Ø¡±-ȾɫÖʵĻ ;(M`Wy]2  
Ò»¡¢»îÐÔȾɫÖʵĽṹ -ZqN~5>j)  
¼äÆÚºËȾɫÖÊ£º F3[3~r  
ÒìȾɫÖÊ(heterochromatin)£¬¸ß¶ÈѹËõ(²»×ªÂ¼)£» UV8,SSDTV  
³£È¾É«ÖÊ(euchromatin)£¬½ÏΪËÉÉ¢£¬ }l{r9ti  
³£È¾É«ÖÊÖÐÔ¼10%Ϊ»îÐÔȾɫÖÊ(¸ü¿ª·ÅÊèËÉ)¡£ ~L j[xP  
»îÐÔȾɫÖÊ¡ú¡û·Ç»îÐÔȾɫÖÊ <EKDP>,~  
¶þ¡¢»îÐÔȾɫÖʵĽṹÌصã %IGcn48J  
(Ò»)DNaseIÃô¸ÐÐÔ DP`$gd  
ת¼»îÐÔ(»òÓÐDZÔÚת¼»îÐÔ)µÄȾɫÖʶÔDNase I¸üÃô¸Ð£® GGHe{l  
DNase I³¬Ãô¸Ðλµã(DNase I HyperSensitive Sites£¬DHSS) l(|@ dp  
(¶þ)×éµ°°×H3µÄCyS110ÉÏÛÏ»ù±©Â¶£¬ N9IBw',  
Èý¡¢»îÐÔȾɫÖʽṹµÄÐÎ³É }I_/>58  
£¨Ò»)¡¢ºËСÌåλÏà(Phased positioning) M rpn^C2)  
1£®ºËСÌåµÄÐýת¶¨Î»(rotational positioning) qXmkeidb&W  
Ö¸ºËСÌåºËÐÄÓëDNAË«ÂÝÐýÔÚ¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹ÖеÄÏ໥¹Øϵ£¬Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨DNAË«ÂÝÐýµÄ´ó¹µÊÇÃæÏò»¹ÊDZ³ÏòºËÐĽṹ£® ¡® Ht#5;c2/  
2£®ºËСÌåµÄƽÒƶ¨Î»(translational positioning)
ÆÀ¼ÛÒ»ÏÂÄãä¯ÀÀ´ËÌû×ӵĸÐÊÜ

¾«²Ê

¸Ð¶¯

¸ãЦ

¿ªÐÄ

·ßÅ­

ÎÞÁÄ

¹àË®

  
¼¶±ð: ³õ¼¶²©ÓÑ
ÏÔʾÓû§ÐÅÏ¢ 
ɳ·¢  ·¢±íÓÚ: 2007-12-30   
¿´¿´
¼¶±ð: ³õ¼¶²©ÓÑ
ÏÔʾÓû§ÐÅÏ¢ 
°åµÊ  ·¢±íÓÚ: 2008-09-01   
ËäÈ»²»²»ÊÇÎÒÐèÒªµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÖ§³ÖÂ¥Ö÷£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡
ÃèÊö
¿ìËٻظ´

ÑéÖ¤ÎÊÌâ:
Ãâ·Ñ¿¼²©ÂÛ̳ÍøÖ·ÊÇʲô? ÕýÈ·´ð°¸:freekaobo.com
°´"Ctrl+Enter"Ö±½ÓÌá½»