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主题 : 考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词
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楼主  发表于: 2008-11-24   

考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词

副词也是博士生入学英语考试中的一个重要项目。在这部分词类中,要求考生能够正确地识别副词的形式以及词义。在这一章中,我们将介绍副词的分类、用法、构成及特点,帮助考生熟悉考试的形式。 F]L96&  
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(一) 副词的分类 9T\\hM)k  
副词按其词义和作用可分为下列几类: -bgj<4R$p  
1. 时间副词,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,just等。 F@KtRUxE  
2. 频率副词,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。 o]eG+i6g]  
3. 地点、方向副词,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。 ?jU 3%"  
4. 方式副词,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。 u}?|d8$h\  
5. 强调副词,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。 \('WS[$2  
6. 疑问、连接副词,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。 uvRX{q 4  
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(二)副词的用法 5,BvT>zFY  
1. 修饰动词: The girl threw the ball quickly. WQ9VcCY  
2. 修饰形容词: The job is too hard to him. .IsOU  
3. 修饰其他副词: He drives rather fast. `Bb32L   
4. 修饰小品词: They let her well behind.  O[$XgPM  
5. 修饰不定代词和数词: ctPT=i60  
Nearly everybody came to out party. }((P)\s  
7. 修饰名词:Life here is full of Joy. \'&,9lP  
9. 修饰全句: P=a&>i  
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven. BO+t o.  
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(三)副词的构成 4m%Yck{R  
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的。如:politely,sadly;当形容词以-y结尾时。在加-1y之前,先变-y为-i:heavily,busily;以-1e结尾时去-e加-y即可:   simply,ably;以-ll结尾时,只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic结尾时,则在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。 @o&UF-=MW(  
2. 由名词加-ly构成的副词,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。 L+lX$k  
3. 由数词加-1y构成的副词,如:firstly。 z`YAOhD*h4  
4. 由不定代词加-1y构成的副词,如:mostly。 H|3CZ=U?  
5. 由介词加-ly构成的副词,如:overly。 2gW+&5; 4  
6. 由短语加-1y构成的副词, 如: matter-of-factly。 bV:MOj^  
7. 由各种词类加前缀-a或后缀-fashion,-ways,-style构成的副词,如:alike, ^[EXTBk@:  
round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。 [4-u{Tu  
8. 有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成,意义是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。 gu1n0N`b  
9. 另外,有些副词是由名词加后缀-wise构成,表示方向、位置、状态、样子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。 0IQ|`C.  
(四)与形容词同形的副词 K,!f7KKo  
有些形容词与副词同形,但有着不同的句法功能。如: BPu>_$C  
We had an early breakfast. $gdGII&n  
We had breakfast early. }7i}dyQv}  
early在第一句中是形容词,做定语;在第二句中是副词,做状语。有些表示时间的如:daily,weekly,quarterly,monthly,yearly也能做如此用法。 w!RJ8  
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(五)兼有两种形式的副词 ,%KMi-w]q,  
有些副词有两种形式:一是与形容词同形,二是由该形容词加-1y构成。这两种不同的形式,有些含义相同,有些略有不同,有些完全不同。如: ^mZTki4  
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1. close做“近”解: RohD.`D  
He lives close to the school. :Ek3]`q#  
He was following close behind. ,-.=]r/s  
做其他解释时用closely: 9!wm`'G8  
Watch what I do closely. a IE\B4w  
The prisons were closely guarded. ^Y^5 @ x=  
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2. dead做“突然地, 完全地”解: m A| "  
She stopped dead. (z'!'?v;  
在非正式用语中作“完全地”“直接地”解: hF-X8$[  
He was dead tired. `pXC= []B2  
The wind was dead against us. !B&1{  
deadly做“死一般地”或“非常”解, Q$2^m(?;  
例如:deadly pale,deadly serious,deadly dull等。 .w)T2(  
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3. direct做“直线地”“不绕圈子地”解: zyFbu=d|O:  
The train goes there direct. 'p(I!]"uo  
The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome; it goes by way of Paris. A\<WnG>xjP  
做“直接地”(即“间接地”的反义词)解时用directly: .:jfNp~jt  
He was looking directly at us. |p+ xM  
She answered me very directly and openly. .e2 K\o  
directly也可以做“立即”或“马上”解:  ?ik6kWI  
Answer me directly. s)|l-I  
Let's meet directly after lunch. ( j~trpe,  
有些词,如:above,in, on,around,away,off等,在与动词搭配时,其后面没有宾语,这些词是做副词。请看以下例句: atWAhN  
They looked around. ?HaUT(\j  
Let’s go on with the work. :n<<hR0d  
上面两句中的around和on都是副词。 f<G:}I  
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(六)副词的词序 dCH(N_  
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1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。 sp$W=Wu7  
The building is very high. FzGla})  
He came long before the appointed time. % z:;t  
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2. 副词修饰动词。 B%Sp mx8  
不及物动词+副词:She speaks well. (eAh8^)  
及物动词+受词+副词:She speaks English well. Bx32pY  
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3. 地点副词和时间副词可置于句首或句末,放在句首时语气较强。 B ]YY[i  
I was born in Zhejiang in 1963. y(RK |r  
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4. 频度副词的位置。 -3T6ck  
在一般动词前:They always say so. ,fwN_+5  
有be动词时,在be动词后: GlVD!0  
I am always busy. KwiTnP!Dca  
有助动词时,在助动词和本动词之间:This job will never be finished. nP>*0Fq  
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5. 两个以上的副词词序。单位较小者+单位较大者: Gm.n@U p  
The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China. w(9.{zF|vQ  
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6. 两个以上不种类的副词词序。 Oj*3'?<7=  
地点+状态+次数+时间: r='"X#CmV/  
She arrived there safely the other day. |mfQmFF  
程度十状态+地点十时间: :,=no>mMx  
They played fairly well there yesterday.
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