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主题 : 考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词
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楼主  发表于: 2008-11-24   

考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词

副词也是博士生入学英语考试中的一个重要项目。在这部分词类中,要求考生能够正确地识别副词的形式以及词义。在这一章中,我们将介绍副词的分类、用法、构成及特点,帮助考生熟悉考试的形式。 , -d2wzhW  
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(一) 副词的分类 Lo'G fHE  
副词按其词义和作用可分为下列几类: eG1A7n'6W  
1. 时间副词,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,just等。 oM n'{+(w  
2. 频率副词,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。 HU +27 1A8  
3. 地点、方向副词,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。 M9Z9s11{H  
4. 方式副词,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。 ,iiI5FR  
5. 强调副词,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。 'bji2#z[  
6. 疑问、连接副词,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。 2Sy:wt  
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(二)副词的用法 kyB>]2  
1. 修饰动词: The girl threw the ball quickly. " H=fWz5z  
2. 修饰形容词: The job is too hard to him. ojWf]$^y}  
3. 修饰其他副词: He drives rather fast. Pw Amnk !  
4. 修饰小品词: They let her well behind. A[88IMZs  
5. 修饰不定代词和数词: 48GaZ@v  
Nearly everybody came to out party. $iy(+}  
7. 修饰名词:Life here is full of Joy. ]_ y;Igaj  
9. 修饰全句: HBa6Y&)<  
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven. A.P*@}9  
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(三)副词的构成 G|$n,X1O(  
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的。如:politely,sadly;当形容词以-y结尾时。在加-1y之前,先变-y为-i:heavily,busily;以-1e结尾时去-e加-y即可:   simply,ably;以-ll结尾时,只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic结尾时,则在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。 Bm^8"SSN  
2. 由名词加-ly构成的副词,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。 \cAifU  
3. 由数词加-1y构成的副词,如:firstly。 n{F&GE="  
4. 由不定代词加-1y构成的副词,如:mostly。 F.R0c@&W  
5. 由介词加-ly构成的副词,如:overly。 \ ?k"AtL  
6. 由短语加-1y构成的副词, 如: matter-of-factly。 ,Hc,]TPC4  
7. 由各种词类加前缀-a或后缀-fashion,-ways,-style构成的副词,如:alike, 0 vz!)  
round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。 ) nn v{hN  
8. 有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成,意义是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。 fVBu?<=d  
9. 另外,有些副词是由名词加后缀-wise构成,表示方向、位置、状态、样子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。 52Q~` t7F  
(四)与形容词同形的副词 i ;YRE&X  
有些形容词与副词同形,但有着不同的句法功能。如:  O6!:Qd  
We had an early breakfast. x8h=3e$  
We had breakfast early. cy_zEJjbD  
early在第一句中是形容词,做定语;在第二句中是副词,做状语。有些表示时间的如:daily,weekly,quarterly,monthly,yearly也能做如此用法。 YcuHYf5  
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(五)兼有两种形式的副词 1\Vp[^#Vx  
有些副词有两种形式:一是与形容词同形,二是由该形容词加-1y构成。这两种不同的形式,有些含义相同,有些略有不同,有些完全不同。如: U[l{cRT   
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1. close做“近”解: Nxt z1  
He lives close to the school. LfS]m>>e  
He was following close behind.  AQz&u  
做其他解释时用closely: rexy*Xv`2p  
Watch what I do closely. V}"w8i+D?  
The prisons were closely guarded. 4EEXt<c.  
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2. dead做“突然地, 完全地”解: sr,8Qd 0M  
She stopped dead. B6a   
在非正式用语中作“完全地”“直接地”解: %L;'C v  
He was dead tired. 8Ow0A  
The wind was dead against us. 3P2L phW  
deadly做“死一般地”或“非常”解, ;*E PAC+  
例如:deadly pale,deadly serious,deadly dull等。 xu0pY(n^r  
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3. direct做“直线地”“不绕圈子地”解: `]:&h'  
The train goes there direct. |#!P!p}  
The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome; it goes by way of Paris. a7Rg!% r  
做“直接地”(即“间接地”的反义词)解时用directly: }7jg>3ng(  
He was looking directly at us. ' fm}&0  
She answered me very directly and openly. x?B8b-*  
directly也可以做“立即”或“马上”解: gkyv[  
Answer me directly. ${%*O}$  
Let's meet directly after lunch. *b0f)y3RV  
有些词,如:above,in, on,around,away,off等,在与动词搭配时,其后面没有宾语,这些词是做副词。请看以下例句: 5 5T c  
They looked around. *aF<#m v  
Let’s go on with the work. O.8{c;  
上面两句中的around和on都是副词。 SQB[d3f  
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(六)副词的词序 " Q~-C|x  
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1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。 l1qWl   
The building is very high. isP4*g&%x  
He came long before the appointed time. E|Lv_4lb=  
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2. 副词修饰动词。 {6yiD  
不及物动词+副词:She speaks well. W|FPj^*t  
及物动词+受词+副词:She speaks English well. YbrsX p"  
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3. 地点副词和时间副词可置于句首或句末,放在句首时语气较强。 T?+xx^wYk  
I was born in Zhejiang in 1963. 2ajQ*aNq  
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4. 频度副词的位置。 v?7.)2XcX  
在一般动词前:They always say so. sGCV um}  
有be动词时,在be动词后: F:CqB |  
I am always busy. %@{);5[  
有助动词时,在助动词和本动词之间:This job will never be finished. ~pqp`  
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5. 两个以上的副词词序。单位较小者+单位较大者: b7/1 ]  
The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China. >4.{|0%ut  
#GYCU!  
6. 两个以上不种类的副词词序。 `bGAc&,&  
地点+状态+次数+时间: m.MOn3n]  
She arrived there safely the other day. I hvL2 zB  
程度十状态+地点十时间: J}coWjw`q  
They played fairly well there yesterday.
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