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主题 : 考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词
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楼主  发表于: 2008-11-24   

考博英语词汇解答技巧-副词

副词也是博士生入学英语考试中的一个重要项目。在这部分词类中,要求考生能够正确地识别副词的形式以及词义。在这一章中,我们将介绍副词的分类、用法、构成及特点,帮助考生熟悉考试的形式。 fkdf~Vb  
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(一) 副词的分类 j4E H2v  
副词按其词义和作用可分为下列几类: > ]>0KQfO  
1. 时间副词,如:yesterday,tomorrow,today,last,ago,recently,immediately,nowadays,still,just等。 Ak xH  
2. 频率副词,如:never, sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom,always, frequently等。 9uA, +  
3. 地点、方向副词,如:here,there,outside,west,left,straight,over,on, in, out,off, somewhere,anywhere,up,down,over,away等。 Cr' ! "F  
4. 方式副词,如:awkwardly,largely,neatly,quickly,well,together,slowly,fast等。 NY4!TOp  
5. 强调副词,如:very,quite,too,more,extremely,so,pretty,terribly,wholly,almost,entirely,even,only等。 xL9:4'I  
6. 疑问、连接副词,如:when,where,why,how,whenever,however,wherever等。 fm3(70F\  
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(二)副词的用法 gsW=3m&`  
1. 修饰动词: The girl threw the ball quickly. Vh 2Bz  
2. 修饰形容词: The job is too hard to him. 9uuta4&uI  
3. 修饰其他副词: He drives rather fast. /)sDnJ1r  
4. 修饰小品词: They let her well behind. " <<A  
5. 修饰不定代词和数词: "4 'kb  
Nearly everybody came to out party. ZrFr`L5F;  
7. 修饰名词:Life here is full of Joy. 5iP8D<;o5  
9. 修饰全句: -<8B,  
Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven. )\8URc|J  
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(三)副词的构成 7 n\mj\  
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly 构成的。如:politely,sadly;当形容词以-y结尾时。在加-1y之前,先变-y为-i:heavily,busily;以-1e结尾时去-e加-y即可:   simply,ably;以-ll结尾时,只需加-y: dully,shrilly;以-ic结尾时,则在-ic之后加-ally: economically,basically等。 iwv t%7  
2. 由名词加-ly构成的副词,如:weekly,monthly,yearly。 B,4q>KQA  
3. 由数词加-1y构成的副词,如:firstly。 -&@]M>r@  
4. 由不定代词加-1y构成的副词,如:mostly。 DG3[^B  
5. 由介词加-ly构成的副词,如:overly。 +eU`H[iu  
6. 由短语加-1y构成的副词, 如: matter-of-factly。 * nLIXnm  
7. 由各种词类加前缀-a或后缀-fashion,-ways,-style构成的副词,如:alike, BlL|s=dlQV  
round,aloud,sideways,cowboy-style等。 -<xyC8 $^$  
8. 有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成,意义是“向…”。如: backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s),onward(s),upward(s)等。 j+ $ M?Z^  
9. 另外,有些副词是由名词加后缀-wise构成,表示方向、位置、状态、样子等,如:clockwise,crabwise,lengthwise等。 Z*h43  
(四)与形容词同形的副词 HF]EU!OT  
有些形容词与副词同形,但有着不同的句法功能。如: DTPay1]6  
We had an early breakfast.  -H`\? R  
We had breakfast early. 5qC:yI  
early在第一句中是形容词,做定语;在第二句中是副词,做状语。有些表示时间的如:daily,weekly,quarterly,monthly,yearly也能做如此用法。 3!>/smb !  
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(五)兼有两种形式的副词 NaF(\j  
有些副词有两种形式:一是与形容词同形,二是由该形容词加-1y构成。这两种不同的形式,有些含义相同,有些略有不同,有些完全不同。如: o_sQQF  
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1. close做“近”解: #XcU{5Qm5  
He lives close to the school. o!=WFAi[pX  
He was following close behind. 3I]Fdp)'  
做其他解释时用closely: xHHV=M2l(s  
Watch what I do closely. "NKf0F  
The prisons were closely guarded. 9_GokU P_  
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2. dead做“突然地, 完全地”解: n08; <  
She stopped dead. )%qtE34`  
在非正式用语中作“完全地”“直接地”解: #sZIDn J#  
He was dead tired. &Xv1[nByU  
The wind was dead against us. Pr`s0J%m  
deadly做“死一般地”或“非常”解, }a^|L"  
例如:deadly pale,deadly serious,deadly dull等。 PyFj@n  
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3. direct做“直线地”“不绕圈子地”解: ei|cD[ NY  
The train goes there direct. lufeieW  
The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome; it goes by way of Paris. ETO$9}x[  
做“直接地”(即“间接地”的反义词)解时用directly: [zQ WyDu  
He was looking directly at us. DT\ym9  
She answered me very directly and openly. L,$3Yj  
directly也可以做“立即”或“马上”解: pv&^D,H,  
Answer me directly. s/t11;  
Let's meet directly after lunch. O,|\"b1(  
有些词,如:above,in, on,around,away,off等,在与动词搭配时,其后面没有宾语,这些词是做副词。请看以下例句: yj zK.dM  
They looked around. I+",b4  
Let’s go on with the work. oRq3 pO}f  
上面两句中的around和on都是副词。 L M /Ga  
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(六)副词的词序 *i k/p  
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1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时,通常放在被修饰词的前面。 u-szt ?O|  
The building is very high. 41yOXy ;~l  
He came long before the appointed time. 7 @l<? (  
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2. 副词修饰动词。  iSiDSeW8  
不及物动词+副词:She speaks well. CGZ^hoh/  
及物动词+受词+副词:She speaks English well. V!&P(YO:  
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3. 地点副词和时间副词可置于句首或句末,放在句首时语气较强。 wf9z"B  
I was born in Zhejiang in 1963. j?-R]^-5  
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4. 频度副词的位置。 9/kXc4  
在一般动词前:They always say so. $iPP|Rw  
有be动词时,在be动词后: *aRX \ TnN  
I am always busy. d#>y}H9  
有助动词时,在助动词和本动词之间:This job will never be finished. N wtg%;  
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5. 两个以上的副词词序。单位较小者+单位较大者: SaO3 zz@L  
The school is situated at the fifth street, Beijing, China. u #~ ;&D*q  
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6. 两个以上不种类的副词词序。 zOB=aG?/  
地点+状态+次数+时间: |/T43ADW  
She arrived there safely the other day. /k6fLn2;  
程度十状态+地点十时间: DWm SC}{.  
They played fairly well there yesterday.
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