英语中基本句式 ("a@V8M`$F
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: <+*0{8?0
S十V主谓结构 KYiJXE[Q-
S十V十F主系表结构 ?M:>2wl
S十V十O主谓宾结构 DdR0u0JH0
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 _$UJ'W})/
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ?s2-iuMPd
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 `NtW+v
五个基本句式详细解释如下: Fip
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1.S十V句式 rO#w(]
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ho=!Yy
He runs quickly. 6xDk3
他跑得快。 +2iD9X{$MX
They listened carefully. G' U_I
他们听得很仔细。 LzL)qdL
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) $I9&
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他挨冻受饿。 Phi5;U!
China belongs to the third world country. 1
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中国属于第三世界国家。 eKOEOm+
The gas has given out. ?kR1T0lKkE
煤气用完了。 @aQ:
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My ink has run out. E
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我的钢笔水用完了。 U5C]zswL
2.S十V十P句式 _.9 5>`
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ;B@#,6t/
He is older than he looks. 6rnFXZ\
他比看上去要老。 %%K3J<5
He seen interested in the book. &.E/%pQ`
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 :;_}Gxx
The story sounds interesting. RNc:qV<H
这个故事听起来有趣。 Gy\]j
The desk feels hard. Fj`k3~tUw
书桌摸起来很硬。 ry|a_3X(I
The cake tastes nice. >c_fUX={
饼尝起来很香。 m]V#fRC
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. _]@u)$
花闻起来香甜。 (nO2+@!
You have grown taller than before. F^/KD<cgK
你长得比以前高了。 \i+AMduAo
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) B:X%k/{
他突然病倒了。 nl}LT/N
He stood quite still. [;{xiW4V]
他静静地站看。 z00X
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. '4M{Xn}@
他长大后当了教师。 %T$>E7]!
He could never turn traitor to his country. !D F~]&
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 F5X9)9S
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: qeFaY74S
He looked me up and down. 2 T} >9X
他上下打量我。 &Z>??|f
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. sSfP.R
他伸出手来摸象。 IuP~Vt{m
They are tasting the fish. 4
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他们在品尝鱼。 |J4sQ!%K
They grow rice in their home town. C9?mxa*z
他们在家乡种水稻。 TrzAgNt
He's got a chair to sit on. J:"@S%gy%
他有椅子坐。 I!?
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Please turn the sentence into English. QxG^oxU}
请把这个句于泽成英语。 [K,P)V>K
3.S十V十O句式 _cJ)v/]
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: E oixw8hz
I saw a film yesterday. 7b08Lo7b
我昨天看了一部电影。 ?;v\wx
Have you read the story? ;^bfLSWm{
你读过这个故事吗? OU.}H $x"
They found their home easily. 9#7W+9
他们很容易找到他们的家。 W/\VpD) ?;
They built a house last year. O>+=c
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他们去年建了一所房子。 [/q
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They've put up a factory in the village. bwhH2 ^ !
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 @*<0:Q|m
They have taken good care of the children. ms5?^kS2O
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 Lu
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You should look after your children well. XQn1B3k+
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 VQqBo~
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 g/f6N
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: gIz!~I_U
He gave me a book/a book to me. wHs1ge (
他给我一本书。 SWx: -<
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 8cOft ;|qB
他带给我一枝钢笔。 V:L%GWU
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. Wgh@X B
他把座位让给我。 8>[g/%W
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 7Q&-ObW
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. T
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 z
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. ;DK%!."%
他给我弄了一把椅子。 t?G6|3
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. J6s]vV q"
请帮我一下。 vb]kh_
He asked me a question/a question of me. B
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他问我个问题。 SC~k4&xy
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: J?3/L&seA
They robbed the old man of his money. b v_UroTr
他们抢了老人的钱。 B ktRA
He's warned me of the danger. IyHbl_P ^
他警告我注意危险。 7C7.}U
The doctor has cured him of his disease. ]w6Q? %'9
医生治好了他的病。 &$/
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We must rid the house of th erats. `Fn"QL-
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 +v;z^+
They deprived him of his right to speak. `?Q
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 m@Yc&M~
5.S十V十O十C句式 ;`#R9\C=h
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 95m
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 7tcadXk0
They made the girl angry. v,ssv{gU
他们使这个女孩生气了。 AV
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They found her happy that day. Os"('@jd>
他们发现那天她很高兴。 qazA,|L!
I found him out. #; ?3kuq(
我发现他出去了。 b4_0XmL
I saw him in. ,_3hbT8Q
我见他在家。 hN'])[+V
They saw a foot mark in the sand. p'
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 5X!-Hj
They named the boy Charlie. ZUQ
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 /IpCo
I saw him come in and go out. o&q>[c
我见他进来又出去。 }S/i3$F0~
They felt the car moving fast. _B^zm-}8|B
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 @oA z
I heard the glass broken just now. MoIh=rw
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 8?+|4:#=*J
He found the doctor of study closed to him. +Y%6y]8
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 Ha@;Sz<R
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