英语中基本句式 NdmwQJ7e"
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:
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S十V主谓结构 !A:d9 k
S十V十F主系表结构 3=("vR`!
S十V十O主谓宾结构 Db*&'32W
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 GvBmh .
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 C^fn[plL
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 2Z-QVwa*U
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 3$9V4v@2
1.S十V句式 T930tX6"h
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: \[d~O>k2
He runs quickly. ; Kh!OBZFo
他跑得快。 )XDbg>
They listened carefully. 4N5\sdi
他们听得很仔细。 LvMA('4
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ovZ!}
他挨冻受饿。 rYM@e
China belongs to the third world country. ]QQeUxi
中国属于第三世界国家。 =&)R2pLs*
The gas has given out. `i!fg\qnK
煤气用完了。 }/4),W@<
My ink has run out. y@r0"cvz9
我的钢笔水用完了。 qYQ
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2.S十V十P句式 2$'bOo
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: [{:
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He is older than he looks. AwZz}J+
他比看上去要老。 1--Ka& H
He seen interested in the book. j^/=.cD|
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 e@1A_q@.
The story sounds interesting. r^{Bw1+
这个故事听起来有趣。 j.[W] EfL~
The desk feels hard. m
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书桌摸起来很硬。 p(fMM :
The cake tastes nice. xz~Y
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饼尝起来很香。 MY
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. y#= j{
花闻起来香甜。 wB:<ICm
You have grown taller than before. mW~*GD~r
你长得比以前高了。 '2UQN7@d
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda)
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他突然病倒了。 clk]JA (
He stood quite still. D G|v'#
他静静地站看。 "y5bODq3t
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. Zy.3yQM9i
他长大后当了教师。 ?<S fhjU
He could never turn traitor to his country. :98:U~d1
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 c^&4m[?C[u
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: ,LC(Ax'.F
He looked me up and down. *aq"c9
他上下打量我。 -wf>N:
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 5"(FilM
他伸出手来摸象。 bR;.KC3C
They are tasting the fish. 73nM9
他们在品尝鱼。 IkG;j+=
They grow rice in their home town. *Vg) E*s
他们在家乡种水稻。 y7R=zkd
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He's got a chair to sit on. z:
他有椅子坐。 -f1lu*3\
Please turn the sentence into English. r8!pk~R5]
请把这个句于泽成英语。 (;H% r &
3.S十V十O句式 `~=NBN=tiL
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ;),,Hk
I saw a film yesterday. 0{u%J%;
我昨天看了一部电影。 ~|N,{GaL
Have you read the story? EEo I|
你读过这个故事吗? id" l"
They found their home easily. Y\+LBbB8
他们很容易找到他们的家。 >>"@0tO
They built a house last year. l;&kX6 w
他们去年建了一所房子。 |.$7.8g
They've put up a factory in the village. c=QN!n:
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
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They have taken good care of the children. c-!3wvt)
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 <M}O&?N
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You should look after your children well. $DtUTh3)
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 Xr'b{&
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: cMoJHC,!
He gave me a book/a book to me. #!%zf{(C+
他给我一本书。 [7g-M/jvY
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. I_ kA!^
他带给我一枝钢笔。 *"4l}&
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ao[yHcAs
他把座位让给我。 ,A)Z.OWOq
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: jA[")RVG
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. KmM:V2@A$
妈妈给我买了一本书。 6`bR'
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. {MTtj4$
他给我弄了一把椅子。 065 =I+Vo
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. K5\l
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请帮我一下。 @A(jo 32
He asked me a question/a question of me. 6Z2|j~
他问我个问题。 ]VE3u_kR
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 0IA'5)
They robbed the old man of his money. =6i+K.}e
他们抢了老人的钱。 j]]5&u/l
He's warned me of the danger. }gB^C3b6
他警告我注意危险。 W:6#0b"_#
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 5,V*aP
医生治好了他的病。 ~l{Qz0&
We must rid the house of th erats. C3~~h|:
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 [McqwU/Q
They deprived him of his right to speak. apgKC;
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 MpvGF7H
5.S十V十O十C句式 6d2eWS
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 ]` A*7
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 pGy k61
They made the girl angry. e7\gd\
他们使这个女孩生气了。 o{n#f?EA
They found her happy that day. O,
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 BI<9xl]a
I found him out. 8 ph1xQ'
我发现他出去了。 R!WDQGR(2
I saw him in. @~N"MsF3
我见他在家。 ImH9 F\
They saw a foot mark in the sand. z7)$m0',?
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 MPyDG"B *
They named the boy Charlie. X}C8!LA
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 u|u)8;'9(
I saw him come in and go out. ,HmGp
我见他进来又出去。 c'Z)uquvP
They felt the car moving fast. )J+rt^4|
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 hb/Z{T'
I heard the glass broken just now. wN/v-^2
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 uk,9N
He found the doctor of study closed to him. B,Tv9(sv
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 _D8
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