英语中基本句式 8t$w/#'@
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: c7[+gc5}
S十V主谓结构 g5,Bj
S十V十F主系表结构 q,->E<8
S十V十O主谓宾结构 y"o@?bny
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 !U?Z<zh
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 N %K%0o-
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 wFHbz9|@I
五个基本句式详细解释如下: /A{/
1.S十V句式 l^,"^vz
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ^]A,Q%1q^
He runs quickly. ra[*E4P9L*
他跑得快。 qx+ .v2G
They listened carefully. ]=EYju@
他们听得很仔细。 u+
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) y~ZYI]`
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他挨冻受饿。 u#&ZD|
China belongs to the third world country. `ywI+^b
中国属于第三世界国家。 \dzH
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The gas has given out. ]3/_?n-"`
煤气用完了。 %Uz
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My ink has run out. u}:p@j}Zv
我的钢笔水用完了。 n( } zq
2.S十V十P句式 {"x>ewAf
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: pm 4"Q!K
He is older than he looks. GqT0SP
他比看上去要老。 (Q /Kp*a
He seen interested in the book. A/%+AH(
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 jZ5 mpYUO
The story sounds interesting. .e,(}_[[<
这个故事听起来有趣。 k-`5TmW
The desk feels hard. !B#Lea
书桌摸起来很硬。 d;-/F b{4
The cake tastes nice. \`!M5FJ
饼尝起来很香。 2Y` C\u
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. M]RbaXZ9
花闻起来香甜。 "")I1iO
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You have grown taller than before. o_K.
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你长得比以前高了。 T/$6ov+K
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) VX`E7Sf!}
他突然病倒了。 1syI%I1
He stood quite still. O6[, K1,
他静静地站看。 #:5vN-9?
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ~G;lEp
他长大后当了教师。 ^Iz(V2
He could never turn traitor to his country. \+STl#3*q
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 EzXGb
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: (q@DBb4
He looked me up and down. giDe
他上下打量我。 xjplJ'jB
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. $jL{l8x
他伸出手来摸象。 ks=l
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They are tasting the fish. |Zn|?#F
他们在品尝鱼。 -j6&W
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They grow rice in their home town. 3V,$FS]
他们在家乡种水稻。 905%5\Y
He's got a chair to sit on. SXA`o<Ma
他有椅子坐。 [xTu29X.
Please turn the sentence into English. ";&5@H|
请把这个句于泽成英语。 aMxg6\8
3.S十V十O句式
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: @-7h}2P Q
I saw a film yesterday. jlf.~vt
我昨天看了一部电影。 h=fzX.dt
Have you read the story? E*uz|w3S)Y
你读过这个故事吗? nkv+O$LXP
They found their home easily. D9cpw0{nc
他们很容易找到他们的家。 -*Voui
They built a house last year. 0#gu7n|J
他们去年建了一所房子。 ^F>C|FJ2
They've put up a factory in the village. &.>
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 K>"]*#aBv
They have taken good care of the children. B.e3IM0
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
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You should look after your children well. rv75R}.6R^
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 doIcO,Q
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 o@&Hc bN^
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: #6'x-Z_
He gave me a book/a book to me. X^?M4
他给我一本书。 9^ DXw!
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Gu3# y"a>
他带给我一枝钢笔。 2|LgUA?<
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. R-L*N$@!
他把座位让给我。 @v#]+9F
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: :o)4Y
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. ]vFtByqn
妈妈给我买了一本书。 mbij& 0
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 ~ AU!Gm.
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. qu}&4_`%:V
请帮我一下。 5Tl3k=o}
He asked me a question/a question of me. *0*1.>Vg
他问我个问题。 uxxS."~
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: .4t-5,7s%
They robbed the old man of his money. -Um|:[*I
他们抢了老人的钱。 SR+<v=i
He's warned me of the danger. K&\3j-8^
他警告我注意危险。 w2o%{n\L
The doctor has cured him of his disease. &fyT}MA
医生治好了他的病。 g[#4`Q<.
We must rid the house of th erats. q h+c}"4m
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 |JR;E$
They deprived him of his right to speak. 3;N+5*-
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 -C>q,mDJZ
5.S十V十O十C句式 zvDg1p
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 5ree3 quh
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 2I!L+j_
They made the girl angry. ^2|G0d@.:
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Nydhal00
They found her happy that day. W@T_-pTCjK
他们发现那天她很高兴。 K4H U9!
I found him out. m9&MTRD\
我发现他出去了。 aS7%x>.A!
I saw him in. ",pN.<F9O
我见他在家。 _LOV&83O(
They saw a foot mark in the sand. /.Fvl;!J;
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 PCx] >&
They named the boy Charlie. #wvmVB. 5~
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 bSKe@4C
I saw him come in and go out. \0^ZNa?
我见他进来又出去。 #Is/j =
They felt the car moving fast. z1WF@Ej
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 DM73
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I heard the glass broken just now. _kJ?mTk
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 .2si[:_(p
He found the doctor of study closed to him. M[Kk43;QY!
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 VgoN=S
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