考博英语语法重点总结 W=4|ahk$
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 N@8tf@BT
独立主格特征 vqo ~?9z[e
1. 充当句子的状语。 i}>
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 1~[GGl
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 'Me(qpsq
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） }R`}Ey|{
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. hroRDD
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. \>+BvF
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). r]&&*:
真题剖析 c yWDtq
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Ps~)l#gue
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because +'UxO'v3]
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }TU2o3Q
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be qGgdWDn`
虚拟语气 C12y_E8Un
虚拟语气（2） jxnb<!|?H@
1. （should）+动词原形 +
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 #uuNH (
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 rH [Eh8j,
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 QM'>)!8
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 6/Z 8/P L
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 b fA9aT
would rather +动词过去式 [q!)Y:|u_>
真题剖析 _x?S0R1
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … [?#-JIZ3T
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ;\t( c
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. =Lr#
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. *.
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take I^S{V^Ty
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. |*zvaI(}
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ; J8 25CE
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should cin3)lm
非谓语动词 |HK/*B
动名词、分词、不定式。 ;EfREfk
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) !,PoH
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) sTO9>~sj
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 u/L\e.4
真题剖析 !,>9?(
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ]}dAm S/
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops Toc="F`SW
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. :KJZo,\
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative JV9Ft,xk
主谓一致 ,Mw;kevw
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 OAtn.LU
How you got there doesn’t concern me. i fbO<
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. V cR(9~
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 a,* ~wmg
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. NI?YUhg>
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 bO?Us
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). :i:M7 }r
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Lj03Mx.2S
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 6@o *"4~Q
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) xu7Q^F#u
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） O<?z\yBtS^
He no less than John is interested in literature. knJoVo]
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) j -j,0!T~b
Either my father or my brothers are coming. (}LLk +
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 z wJ Vi9sO
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. $'>h7].
真题剖析 w>ap8><4
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. n:wZL&ZV0
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some !q_fcd^c
倒装 Cn>RUGoUsI
全部倒装 Zl+Ba
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” I
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There stand big buildings in this district. q!P{a^Fnc
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. @ "=wn:O+
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) H o; bgva
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. m@){@i2.
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 S*-/#j
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 7D%}( pX
4. 表语位于句首 k)l^ ;
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose. Iq[Z5k(K
Not far from here is a famous university. `vFYe N;
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ~'9>jpnw
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. hqKftk)+
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 7#BU d/
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） %!i|"FNc
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. V
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部分倒装 h#>%\Pvt;
1. 疑问句 Q{0!N8']"
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） _v9P0W^.7
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. \Y{^Q7!>:8
3. “only+状语”位于句首 tM$w0Cj
Only when he comes back can be leave. +=/FKzT<
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 n(MVm-H
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 3bi,9 >%
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) &~ xzp^&
By no means should you break the rules. /T_ G9zc
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 7:D@6<J?
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) _K?{DnTb
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” @l:o0(!W
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. _8U
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. z [I3k
