考博英语语法重点总结 UBOCd [
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 Xx[
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独立主格特征 7loCb4Hv
1. 充当句子的状语。 LeO
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 kF 3 EJ
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 cBmo#:>'
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） _ 55T
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. k^Tu9}[W1
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. qnW 5I_]
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 1@yXV D/
真题剖析 YH) U nql
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. -kZz,pNQ,
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because MVjc.^
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. #I%< 1c%XA
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be j:"+/5rV8
虚拟语气 {-^>)
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虚拟语气（2） Il2DZ5-
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1. （should）+动词原形 +6* oO|
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 6e cr]=Cv
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ^4Tr
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ^wb -s
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 [aO "9
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 *{W h- bc
would rather +动词过去式 [Qy]henK
真题剖析 s.1(- "DU
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … zN].W\("\
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t bsM`C]h&
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Lr)h
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded o4Fh`?d}
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. da\K>An>
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take oVoTnGNM6
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. i. cSD%*
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) > m}.}g8
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should :b=`sUn<X+
非谓语动词 ;TmwIZ
动名词、分词、不定式。 wI x Lr{
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) TUy*wp9
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) QV{N q=%]
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 l3-Ksw U
真题剖析 8x58sOR=
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 8C,?Ai<ro
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops x d(AUl4qY
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. bRNE:))r_
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative `*}#B ks!
主谓一致 ywq{9)vq
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 jX
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. .4_ ~ku
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ] YevO (
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 _<t3~{qUT
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 71 K6] ~<
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ~JC``&6E=}
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 U?#6I-
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 wfo}TG hC
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Fi7 pq2
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ^4s#nf:}
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） '?3Hy|}
He no less than John is interested in literature. "DR p4;
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) !o*oT}6n
Either my father or my brothers are coming. i]Kq
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 )j6S<mn
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. OmU.9PDg-
真题剖析 .>}we ~O
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. \BJnJk!%
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some .@B \&U7
倒装 <#`<Ys3b*!
全部倒装 uidE/7
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” X^aujK ^
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There stand big buildings in this district. zao ZCyJT%
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. #lJF$
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) g1&GX(4[
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. P6IhpB59
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 4<lZ; M"
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. B623B HwS
4. 表语位于句首 v{%2`_c
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. A;2?!i# f
Not far from here is a famous university. [dt1%DD`M
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 F~*
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. rRsLl/d
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. u9VJ{ F
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） B&. XGo)
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. lW >bX C
部分倒装 l IOLR-:4j
1. 疑问句 :L\@+}{( c
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 6.K)uQgjmv
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. B d\p!f<
3. “only+状语”位于句首 L0 uN|?}
Only when he comes back can be leave. FQ O6w'
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 eb+[=nmP
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. L*L3;y|
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) wcV~z:&^5
By no means should you break the rules. m3,]j\
At no time should we give in to difficulties. !@*Ac$J>$
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) QF\NHV
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” srC'!I=s>8
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ~0worI?
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. WU}JArX9
