英语中基本句式 ?VsZo6Z"
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: pE N`&'4
S十V主谓结构 oR)7 \;g
S十V十F主系表结构 |0-L08DW
S十V十O主谓宾结构 6:pN?|=6X
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 Fu$sfq
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 m>_'f{&u
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 <n{9pZ5.
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ."O(Ig[
1.S十V句式 hlZjk0ez
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: N}=-+E|
He runs quickly. 76/%Py|
他跑得快。 Pt+_0OsR
They listened carefully. w[&BY
他们听得很仔细。 X1"nq]chGy
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) MNz q}(p
他挨冻受饿。 -E1}mL}I`
China belongs to the third world country. qz&)|~,\C
中国属于第三世界国家。 QZfnoKz
The gas has given out. DI\sq8J^
煤气用完了。 53QP~[F8R]
My ink has run out. m78PQx
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我的钢笔水用完了。 q,GL#L
2.S十V十P句式 vhC"f*
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
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He is older than he looks. !FO)||'[
他比看上去要老。 -]e@cevy
He seen interested in the book.
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 kL-+V)Kl
The story sounds interesting. *uIHa"
这个故事听起来有趣。 .o>QBYpTw/
The desk feels hard. (:1j-
书桌摸起来很硬。 {f)p|)
The cake tastes nice. >nxtQ
饼尝起来很香。 TsQMwV_h
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. <
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花闻起来香甜。
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You have grown taller than before. xASjw?
你长得比以前高了。 nT>?}/S
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) E-x(5^b"
他突然病倒了。 <1y%ch;
He stood quite still. K"pfp !Y
他静静地站看。 ^^Ius ]
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. R1nctA:
他长大后当了教师。 JwO+Dd
He could never turn traitor to his country. Kl*##qw!
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 CB~&!MdMr
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 0zd1:*KR,
He looked me up and down. a}wB7B;,g
他上下打量我。 ~"-wSAm
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. GB-=
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他伸出手来摸象。 \^+sgg{
They are tasting the fish. o5)U3U1|
他们在品尝鱼。 h\1_$ac
They grow rice in their home town. M4QMD;Ez
他们在家乡种水稻。 ^xq%P2s0
He's got a chair to sit on. ?Z;knX\?J
他有椅子坐。 -X |G
Please turn the sentence into English. 0c]Lm?&
请把这个句于泽成英语。
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3.S十V十O句式 6rRPqO
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: Xdjxt?*
I saw a film yesterday. %1#5
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我昨天看了一部电影。 BqR8%F
Have you read the story? d=xweU<
你读过这个故事吗? s |qB;
They found their home easily. /$B<+;L!#
他们很容易找到他们的家。 e'u9 SpJ
They built a house last year. /P,J);Y
他们去年建了一所房子。 hG3b7!^#g
They've put up a factory in the village. {4#'`Eejj
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 BM:je(*p
They have taken good care of the children. $ZE OE8.\
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 n2$*Z6.G
You should look after your children well. Wvcj\2'yd
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 TVKuvKH8U
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 +`\C_i-
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: [Q)lJTs
He gave me a book/a book to me. Dtelr=/s
他给我一本书。 c>I^SY
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. " >;},$
他带给我一枝钢笔。 6N6d[t"
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. RzNv|
他把座位让给我。 l 4(-yWC$H
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ~g)gXPjke
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. <