英语中基本句式 gdkO|x
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Rz
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S十V主谓结构 /B}]
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S十V十F主系表结构 ym ,S/Uz
S十V十O主谓宾结构 gvwR16N
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 9rA3qj%
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 q8[Nr3.
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 z|p
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: $dwv1@M2
1.S十V句式 Uhg[#TUK
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ! '2'db
He runs quickly. xnh%nv<v{
他跑得快。 )03.6Pvs
They listened carefully. XP{ nf9&
他们听得很仔细。 x`B:M7+\
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) <`MHra8
他挨冻受饿。 sav2 .w
China belongs to the third world country. q*'hSt@+D
中国属于第三世界国家。 gHox{*hb[
The gas has given out. 4@8i,q>
煤气用完了。 0Fi7|
My ink has run out. [r]USCq
我的钢笔水用完了。 2etlR
2.S十V十P句式 ^2=Jv.2{|
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: i]1[eGF
He is older than he looks. # ^%'*/z
他比看上去要老。 Z2
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He seen interested in the book. F htf4
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 lezdJ
The story sounds interesting. j" YJ1R-5
这个故事听起来有趣。 xJO[pT v
The desk feels hard. Zj}DlNkVu
书桌摸起来很硬。 H M76%9!
The cake tastes nice. w5&UG/z%l
饼尝起来很香。 3mBrnq]j>
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. KUly"B
花闻起来香甜。 ;>CmVC'/
You have grown taller than before. gzC\6ca
你长得比以前高了。 \kg2pF[V
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) 8, WQ}cC
他突然病倒了。 Y RA[qc
He stood quite still. .Q?AzU,2D
他静静地站看。 #}B~V3UD
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
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他长大后当了教师。 S:t7U%
He could never turn traitor to his country. UQTt;RS*zS
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 np)-Yzr
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: LoTq2 /
He looked me up and down. Bp4QHv9xqL
他上下打量我。 );$~/H4
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ,ciNoP*-~%
他伸出手来摸象。 OS \co:
They are tasting the fish. :v&GAs6H
他们在品尝鱼。 .11iulQ
They grow rice in their home town.
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他们在家乡种水稻。
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He's got a chair to sit on. -EITz
他有椅子坐。 43 |zjE
Please turn the sentence into English. /'">H-r
请把这个句于泽成英语。 F.T~txQ~u
3.S十V十O句式 {kmaMP
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:
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I saw a film yesterday. VQLo
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我昨天看了一部电影。 d)dIIzv
Have you read the story? (:@qn+
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你读过这个故事吗? ;r`[6[AG
They found their home easily. gS"@P:wYzs
他们很容易找到他们的家。 N8m^h:b
They built a house last year. [q_Yf!(m-
他们去年建了一所房子。 ?(ks=rRK
They've put up a factory in the village. @.MM-
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 vwP516EM
They have taken good care of the children. #H5*]"w6I
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 /T_tI R>
You should look after your children well. sPbtv[bC
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 ts)0+x
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 MR8-xO'w
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: +IJpqFH
He gave me a book/a book to me. @
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他给我一本书。 |nocz]yU$
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. #<se0CJB
他带给我一枝钢笔。 Nz$OD_]
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. BNaZD<<
他把座位让给我。 +Mg^u-(A
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: !.p!
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. ,Hp9Gkm8I/
妈妈给我买了一本书。 yP[GU| >(
He got me a chair/a chair for me. hW/*]7AM^
他给我弄了一把椅子。 J"[OH,/_
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Qaagi
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请帮我一下。 6x -PGq
He asked me a question/a question of me. a^sR?.+3
他问我个问题。 E\'_`L
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: u5idH),<
They robbed the old man of his money. 2|Tt3/Rn
他们抢了老人的钱。 /G84T,H
He's warned me of the danger. E$Ge#
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他警告我注意危险。 SuuWrt}5
The doctor has cured him of his disease. oWJ}]ip
医生治好了他的病。 yy#Xs:/
We must rid the house of th erats. H|,{^b@9
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 sCnZ\C@u
They deprived him of his right to speak. S
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 u1<xt1K
5.S十V十O十C句式 4+ 4?0R
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 XK&#K? M
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 =`/X
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They made the girl angry. 4P`\fz
他们使这个女孩生气了。 T!;<Fy"p
They found her happy that day. xds"n5
他们发现那天她很高兴。 Y ,}p
I found him out. B8IfE`
我发现他出去了。 $9b||L
I saw him in. 6XX5K@
我见他在家。 OB"QWdh
They saw a foot mark in the sand. tG#F7%+E
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 -7+Fb^"L
They named the boy Charlie. i!Ne<Q
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 j5
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I saw him come in and go out. bxyU[`
我见他进来又出去。 JP@UvDE|
They felt the car moving fast. s5z@`M5'm
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
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I heard the glass broken just now. L9AfLw5&X
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 U'#{v7u
He found the doctor of study closed to him. ^Cak/5^K
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 OPjscc5
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