英语中基本句式 C5MqwNX
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: -"tY{}z
S十V主谓结构 .6Fsw
S十V十F主系表结构 x)5LT}p
S十V十O主谓宾结构 -K^41W71
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 _*n)mlLln
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 B!uxs
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 Yt*vqm[WV
五个基本句式详细解释如下: x,uBJ
1.S十V句式 [T]Bf o
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: |6*Va%LYO-
He runs quickly. #9,=Owup
他跑得快。 R;
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They listened carefully. 5*1#jiq
他们听得很仔细。 AqqHD=Yp
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) gwq`_/d}
他挨冻受饿。 *(Ro;?O,pi
China belongs to the third world country. }^9pa
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中国属于第三世界国家。 xW0Z'==
The gas has given out. sUV>@UMnu
煤气用完了。 I=5dYq4 l
My ink has run out. $P;UoqG<&
我的钢笔水用完了。 5u
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2.S十V十P句式 ofK='G.
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: qy&\Xgn;GA
He is older than he looks. )mG0g@ qOK
他比看上去要老。 gs fhH0
He seen interested in the book. `V@z&n0P6
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 x G ^f
The story sounds interesting. 69iM0X!'u
这个故事听起来有趣。 ydup)[n
The desk feels hard. dk8y>uLr_
书桌摸起来很硬。 k,lqT>C
The cake tastes nice. ,ex
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饼尝起来很香。 #4N >d~
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. |@ *3^'
花闻起来香甜。 D$$3fN.iEL
You have grown taller than before. G:DSWW}
你长得比以前高了。 ng
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He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) ,H@TY
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他突然病倒了。
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He stood quite still. &1~Re.*B
他静静地站看。 80HEAv,O
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. {zu/tCq?
他长大后当了教师。 RyE_|]I62u
He could never turn traitor to his country. RPY6Wh|4
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 %_)b>C18y
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: %;
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He looked me up and down. w0aHEvH/
他上下打量我。 <ip)r;
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 4L!e=>as"1
他伸出手来摸象。 .jCk#@+
They are tasting the fish. "~Us#4>
他们在品尝鱼。 N
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They grow rice in their home town. kHZKj!!R
他们在家乡种水稻。 *50ZinfoG
He's got a chair to sit on. oR7 7`
他有椅子坐。 L^&do98
Please turn the sentence into English. P^ by'b+zI
请把这个句于泽成英语。 %$^$'6\77
3.S十V十O句式 uz8nRS s
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: xR _DY'z
I saw a film yesterday. V`U/'N-ay
我昨天看了一部电影。 =GLYDV
Have you read the story? cz$c)It
你读过这个故事吗? uLF\K+cz
They found their home easily. O$YJku
他们很容易找到他们的家。 j^:b-:F
They built a house last year.
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他们去年建了一所房子。 hl=oiUf[s
They've put up a factory in the village. RiwEuY
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 TZ)(ZKX*R
They have taken good care of the children. tPQ2kEW
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 s#M?
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You should look after your children well. -(`K7T>D.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 r@\,VD6J
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 \3,$YlG
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: -<u-
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He gave me a book/a book to me. HE8'N=0
他给我一本书。 +F#=`+V
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ;2+FgOj
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ot&j HS'
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. wR`w@5,d
他把座位让给我。 Nn~tb2\vk
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: +-xSuR,
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. e)fJd*P
妈妈给我买了一本书。 k:&?$
He got me a chair/a chair for me. !xJLeQFJI]
他给我弄了一把椅子。 )eIz{Mdp=
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Jv '3](
请帮我一下。 7zz(#
He asked me a question/a question of me. sYW1T
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他问我个问题。 ru(?a~lF8~
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: tIg CF?
They robbed the old man of his money. +3~Gc<OO
他们抢了老人的钱。 Cv?<}q
He's warned me of the danger. o{YW
他警告我注意危险。 ?trt4Tbe/
The doctor has cured him of his disease. wnZ*k(
医生治好了他的病。 NUxAv= xl
We must rid the house of th erats. c DEe?WS
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ajcPt]f
They deprived him of his right to speak. ,&O:/|c E
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ZQJw2LA gO
5.S十V十O十C句式 s\3Z?zm8
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 9
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 F(J!dG5#
They made the girl angry. )=SYJ-ta<
他们使这个女孩生气了。 I_Mqh4];
They found her happy that day. z?b(|f\!
他们发现那天她很高兴。 G+\~rl
I found him out. =O}
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我发现他出去了。 B2Awdw3=g
I saw him in. /i]=ndAk
我见他在家。 {KQ-
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. hnfrn
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 bju,p"J1-E
They named the boy Charlie. q5K/+N^2?
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ,a?\i
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I saw him come in and go out. 3\U,Kg
我见他进来又出去。 L^ jC&
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They felt the car moving fast. bUg 2Bm!y
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 uhN(`E@
I heard the glass broken just now. %~v76;H<
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Uc%`? +Q
He found the doctor of study closed to him. PTV`=vtj
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 vEee/+1?
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