英语中基本句式 (IVhj^dQm
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: rf:H$\yw
S十V主谓结构
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S十V十F主系表结构 wN4#j}C
S十V十O主谓宾结构 CssE8p>"F
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 n
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 +jwHYfAK)
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 1VlU'qY
五个基本句式详细解释如下: R=LiB+p
1.S十V句式 ;VAyH('~
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: o5?Y
He runs quickly. dM^Z,;u
他跑得快。 Coe/ 4!$M
They listened carefully. /~
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他们听得很仔细。 Q}L?o
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) O.
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他挨冻受饿。 &~H ed_
China belongs to the third world country. % (y{Sca
中国属于第三世界国家。 lnyfAq}w
The gas has given out. h7UNmwj
煤气用完了。 yQN{)rv
My ink has run out. KaNs>[a8
我的钢笔水用完了。 ~$g:
2.S十V十P句式 lbBWOx/|
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: c
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He is older than he looks. F^NK"<tW
他比看上去要老。 /D3{EjUE=
He seen interested in the book. =\WF +r]V
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Tn#Co$<
The story sounds interesting. WYUDD_m
这个故事听起来有趣。 MxIa,M<
The desk feels hard. *{DTxEy
书桌摸起来很硬。 "^n,(l*4x
The cake tastes nice. Y"GNJtsL "
饼尝起来很香。 i
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 00QJ596
花闻起来香甜。 LKu\M h|
You have grown taller than before. Icnhet4
你长得比以前高了。 YB5"i9T2
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) ixdsz\<
他突然病倒了。 `r`8N6NQ&]
He stood quite still. FPDTw8" B;
他静静地站看。 ^a4z*#IOr
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. qz-QVY,
他长大后当了教师。 'u7-Qetj
He could never turn traitor to his country. L(Y1ey9x
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 7Q}pKq]P
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: o}OY,P
He looked me up and down. }Y~Dk]*
他上下打量我。 {{?g%mQ6
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ^`&'u_B!+
他伸出手来摸象。 fK J
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They are tasting the fish. Jj"{C]
他们在品尝鱼。 P!eo#b^S
They grow rice in their home town. Z}J5sifr
他们在家乡种水稻。 ->sxz/L
He's got a chair to sit on. q<JCgO-F<
他有椅子坐。 >HP
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Please turn the sentence into English. XcVN{6-z
请把这个句于泽成英语。 v ,8;:
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3.S十V十O句式 -50DGA,K6
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: /Z:j:l
I saw a film yesterday. Nd~B$venh
我昨天看了一部电影。 u_(~zs.N]
Have you read the story? ^4dE8Ve"@
你读过这个故事吗? ".?4`@7F\
They found their home easily. (bsx|8[
他们很容易找到他们的家。 !}(B=-
They built a house last year. R'>!1\?Iq
他们去年建了一所房子。 6 d-\+t8
They've put up a factory in the village. o`bch?]
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 ^P)f]GQx
They have taken good care of the children. 9]4Q@%
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 VoU8I ~
You should look after your children well. uYh!04u
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 V=O52?8
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 O)'CU1vMb
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: OF-k7g7
He gave me a book/a book to me. CMt<oT6.?
他给我一本书。 vsY?q8+P
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. dWAt#xII
他带给我一枝钢笔。 XiUq#84Q
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. /bo}I-<2
他把座位让给我。
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注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ;Qi:j^+P)
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. R9J!}az'
妈妈给我买了一本书。 s8h
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. S
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 I/E 9:
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. tl#sCf!c
请帮我一下。 I2[U #4n
He asked me a question/a question of me. 1`cH
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他问我个问题。 ~?Zib
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注意,下边动词只有一种说法: )Z7Vm2a
They robbed the old man of his money. O]N /(pe:d
他们抢了老人的钱。 at uqo3
He's warned me of the danger. U4D7@KY +m
他警告我注意危险。 *z0!=>(
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 9"~ FKMN
医生治好了他的病。 JEjxY&
We must rid the house of th erats. Sd7jd ?#9'
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 mLCDN1UO{
They deprived him of his right to speak. I8xdE(o8+
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 F*72g)hVh
5.S十V十O十C句式 VAPeMO
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 w h$bDTCj
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 "@V yc6L
They made the girl angry. sd%j&Su#4
他们使这个女孩生气了。 F8pA)!AH
They found her happy that day. ^rWg:f
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 YT(N][V
I found him out. lQ8hY$
我发现他出去了。 0Lo8pe`DH
I saw him in. ,i:?c
我见他在家。 a
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. _ *f>UW*,
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 IO)B3,g
They named the boy Charlie. nI:M!j5s`
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 -.Wcz|
I saw him come in and go out. C4+DZ<pE
我见他进来又出去。 (
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They felt the car moving fast. Fp\;j\pfw
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 __=53]jGE
I heard the glass broken just now. {JE [
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 1 Pk+zBJ$
He found the doctor of study closed to him. juF9:Eah
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 "&6vFm r
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