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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 o`]FH _
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 gnK!"!
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t z > X'L 2．被动形式 J x7^|A
=l{KYv -W ,b*U Zx{'S3W v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 d29HEu v 时间状语从句当中的时态： =r2d{ 8j k*N z m%\L/BF 一般过去时 所有的过去 /r6DPR0\ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 FdD'Hp+ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 [%pZM.jFO 一．非谓语动词 ] Yy
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一．不定式： RPu-E9g@
TV}SKv u 一）不定式的常考形式： l;ugrAo?
J.*=7 zmw 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. Yp8$0KK 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 2= _.K( 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 FVHL;J]nf1
8I'?9rt2M 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. M:~#"lfK 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 20q T1!j u 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 [3s~Z8
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u) 二）不定式常考的考点： px*MOHq K
)`)cB)s 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 bFpwq#PDW>
{_Y\Y&# 2）不定式做状语----目的 Je/R'QP^8
^6=nL <L 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. nm)F tX|A
QxK%ZaFZA 三)不定式的省略 #pZ3xa3R
+m Y(6|1 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 5b&'gd^d
\Tc$P# + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； xN5}y3 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 @'S-nn,sO I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 76
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] !/1qF 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) PKP( :3| I saw him working in the garden yesterday. @A:Xct 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 4`i_ 4&TS v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. `8L7pbS%,Q 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to JLjx4B\
t ({:TQ I ‘d like to have John do it. v8LKv`I's
B"G;"X I have my package weighed. 6JJ%`Uojh
5@i/4%S Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. Z
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_Ab|<!a /R 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do nH;^$b'LZ
=x= #Etj| 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： E}~ GX G
)jn xR${M want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do 4-s Uy force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do @@+\ be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do D{ c`H}/ ` 75%!R 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 =*}|
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SFTThM]8M1 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 3rs= EMz:w 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 rNd ap*.
rqifjsv He needs (a lot of) encouraging. \!`*F :7]- lr=*Ty(V
7u0!Q\ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 7R ;!
p.)G ], 1)是名词 seeing is believing {l! [{ 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. N_h)L` 一)动名词的形式: gFJd8#6t
ob-y {x,R 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. qpFFvZ
W 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ]hc.cj`\W& 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. 0OP6VZ\ 二) 动名词常考的点 Mvu!
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ll=p1 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 _= }Efy7
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F-?M! 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 * ix&"|h
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3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 5f j m r
KYZ/b8C I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 3t)07(x_B A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） I5
"Z I regret not having taken your advice. Tm
6<^5t 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ML9ZS
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[8v v[n/ admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ( 3C::B= 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： Ys|tGU it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... KY~p> Jmh 7jQ Owzj |7LhE+E 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 T@ (MSgp9
9nN$%(EO5; remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 )"`(+Ku&c
*<c, x8\s9 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) |4^us|XY
G:7HL5u I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) &mXJL3iN
?%-VSL>$w= forgot与remember的用法类似。 @ qy
n[C I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… -.<fGhmU
f3El9[ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 E%8Op{zv_ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
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T5H[~b|9- try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. s\O4D*8
DLggR3K_\ I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 @-ps[b`z To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 v8
r K \ prefer的用法： Qf|x]x*5
我宁愿在这里等。
r&!Ebe- I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） :x88 I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） ggn C #$ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） }9=X*'BO ,'!x 9 `
3lr9n BR 3 分词： )bqSM&S O
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 4gD;X NrV
现在分词的形式: WX~: Y,l+u
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) im,H|u_f4
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) a9LK}xc={
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) Y6W#u iqk
过去分词 z3Id8G&>
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. ??5y0I 6+
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) g}@W9'!
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 1PG Y /c
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