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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 @y0bU*v7
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 m/hi~. D9
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>&Vq 2．被动形式 t<!+b@l 5
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C?io v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 V3##
B}2[Y v 时间状语从句当中的时态： pU
M&"V CXBzX:T?# {UP'tXah 一般过去时 所有的过去
{J{1`@ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 ?#?e(mpo 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 gzor% )C 一．非谓语动词 ] } '^`
一．不定式：
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rqF"QU= l 一）不定式的常考形式： Z,3 CC \
W3^.5I 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. mn. `qfMh 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. USprsaj 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 @\ }sb]
` "B^{o 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. m`'=) x| 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 8zAg; b [ 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ~]4 kkm7Y
f7Zf} 1| 二）不定式常考的考点： ?!H)zz6y
d ]MGN^%o 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 L%f;J/
y5_XHi@u~o 2）不定式做状语----目的 7gm:ZS
JPsSw 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. WKxm9y
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J]7V\ 三)不定式的省略 r
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p'80d: 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ?I\v0H*
*="m3:c'J + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； ) \ 4
| + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 _ jmkl
B I saw him work in the garden yesterday. O~6Q;q P
AFm,CINa 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) -E]Sk&4Gj I saw him working in the garden yesterday. q3)wr%!k5D 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） xg} ug[ v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. wyzOcx>M 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to )\0q_a
)v1 CC.. I ‘d like to have John do it. .H2qs{N!
IA2GUnUhu I have my package weighed. 8R}K?+]
7 2, "Cj Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. /EU ;
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SX+4 HJB 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 0[)VO[
l E^*t`+ 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： %iJ|H( P
Us-A+)r*! want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do ?'sXgo.} force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do b+@D_E-RJ be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ` ?9T~, G o <' 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 6>,#
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/K|: 9Q$K6 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. :<GfET Is 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 &g0g]G21*I
=Ndli>x}1 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. "K ?Q })[($$f/
Q\9K2=4 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 q4ipumy*
vT7g< 1)是名词 seeing is believing mp\%M
1< 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. =g~j=v ,e 一)动名词的形式: }
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>"("*3AO 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. *)> do
L 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. V1utUGJV 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. 2
9#] Vr 二) 动名词常考的点 HY)ESU
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1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 'jvp Nn
8Xn!Kpa 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 6G_<2bO
^8K/ xo- 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. @-"R$H OT
Eg8i _s~: I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． @Zm J z A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） x(~< t X~ I regret not having taken your advice. ({[,$dEa;
4)有些词后只能接动名词 T PYDs+U
w> 979g admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... MFwO9"<A 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： *H2]H @QHN it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... tcL2J .
CAgaEJhX3 g x;O6S{ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 D:E9!l'
,rO[mNk9@ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 !ALZBB .r(
:6P ad I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) u% 2KwRQ
(|u 31[ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) c K <)$*
MCYl{u H! forgot与remember的用法类似。 &u8z5pls8 I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… t9u|iTY
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~F[L4y!sL I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 GdA.g
w try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. c`kQ
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wE Qi0! try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. G{lcYP
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\:/Lc{*}MD I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 _\zQ" y|G To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 <P4 FzK prefer的用法： ,XB%\[pKe 我宁愿在这里等。 r9@AT( I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） Pe$6s:|NS I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） 4 I@p%g& I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） VmvQvQ/9R <kc# thL
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3 分词： O4|2|sA
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 {IM! Wb
现在分词的形式: aV|9H
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) :qj<p3w~}
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ejePDgi_[
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) [EZYsOr.
过去分词 SW 8x]B
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. (q;bg1\UK
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) =$^MQ\S0p
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 U@ -2Q=
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