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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 {3|h^h_R
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 yMK VF`D*
v|; }}ol 2．被动形式
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'Ah*h bMB*9<c~ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 SA%uGkm:e v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 3 L:SJskYR ujS C %#TAz7 一般过去时 所有的过去 xM=?ES 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 p# JPLCs 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 m>djoe 一．非谓语动词 r6vI6|1
一．不定式：
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*#83U? 一）不定式的常考形式： T&'LQZM8
QL :Qzr[ 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. } k SP p 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
- ufaV# 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 E+cx 8(
!m8T< LtMl 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. |E &|6h1 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. +/ ?oyC+Z 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 kRV]`'u,
iUq_vQ@} } 二）不定式常考的考点： ET(/h/r
m -0}Pe9L 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 +xQj-r)-
-Gjz+cRns 2）不定式做状语----目的 NR"C@3kD]o
1n[wk'}qf4 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. k ~4
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p 三)不定式的省略 XB a^
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mR$ 0Ij/v 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel |@VhR(^O$
"n{JH9sA: + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； EqOhz II^ + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 Y=,9 M I saw him work in the garden yesterday. fi%lN_Ev?
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U Pv 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) 7Kpv fyL{ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 7Rd(,eWE@ 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 8:2Vib$ v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. aSI%!Vg. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to /J9Or{#r
ru|*xNXKgC I ‘d like to have John do it. 5g.K yj|
GyV uQ51 I have my package weighed. qRz /$|.
%'VzN3Q5V Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. [zSt+K ;
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='jN 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 5 W=Jn?y2
#99 =wn 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： wO LV?Vk
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RZxR): want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do qyh]v [ force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do M.bkFuh be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do / %iS\R%ca w
c\`2( 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 _xBh
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4UK>Vzn accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ='@ k>Ka+ 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 9<kMxtk$
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He needs (a lot of) encouraging. #K iqV6E @ZrNV*&<
Ocn@JOg 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 IRTWmT
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}:QoY Nq 1)是名词 seeing is believing vZs~=nfi#| 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. "z= ~7g 一)动名词的形式: UMT}2d%
|;^$IZSsz 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. s6#e?5J 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. Lr(Jn S 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. [Z&<# - 二) 动名词常考的点 hS>=p O+y
ln":j?` 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 B~J63 Os/
9l:[jsk<d 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 8@|{n`n]
GiXs`Yt| 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. gvL*]U 7
|34w<0Pc, I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． r=p^~tuyxr A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） m Ph=bG I regret not having taken your advice. " BLJh)i 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ~-uDN)
YPO24_B admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... J4
U]_| 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： DJqJ6 z:' it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... n </Rd= D=Yr/qc? C)U U/4a; 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 09 { s'
G]mD_J1$ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 L>0Pur) [
YkFERIa076 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) P^U.VXY}
oiD{Z I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) g`tV^b")
cm q4w&x/ forgot与remember的用法类似。 WMWUP ZsGS I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… H]f[r~
6#\:J 0 I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 /}iBrMD{[ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. LB9W.c A
> p" U| try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 4X+I2C
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7#7|+%W0 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 }z|9F(I To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 . [3C prefer的用法： EWv[Sp 我宁愿在这里等。 u0g"x_3 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） X\i;j!;d I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） >hV 2p/D I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） ,|,kU 0xXz 6':Egh[;
6UL9+9[C 3 分词： !41"`D!1
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 s<a G
现在分词的形式: 7u 5H
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1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) UI
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) >J_ P[v
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) y7GgTC/H
过去分词 _{eA8J(A<
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. RZ ?SiwE
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) XdOntP *a
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 {y%@1q%"
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