级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 wS+ ^K
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 Q/I! }C4
J(%0z:exs 2．被动形式 K ryo}
hf<^/@^tK desThnT w 4^' 3&vu v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 F'?I-jtI v 时间状语从句当中的时态： R,!Q
Zxmg KZ
: 8[d ^Ori|
4}' 一般过去时 所有的过去 qy!Ou3^ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 B
)h>8 { 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 Bl1Z4` 3 一．非谓语动词 LDy<k=;o
一．不定式： 7C?.L70ZY
MuEy>dl 一）不定式的常考形式： 2o[IHO]
/WnE:3G 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
{sv{847V 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. dow^*{fqZ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 ]&i+!$N_
VLg
EX4 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. -#A:`/22 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. _2mNTJiw 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 H. O(* Q=
EZ(^~k=
I 二）不定式常考的考点： ;? uC=o>Z{
yNJAW M7 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 C@HD(..#
8!h'j 2）不定式做状语----目的 O'}l lo
o;-<|W> 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. K
:qOoY
nY) .|\|i 三)不定式的省略 ~%q7Vmk9
n2;9geq+ 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel C?Qf F{!7
co B 6 rW + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； d7bjbJwu + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 ;x>;jS.t I saw him work in the garden yesterday. /.Wc_/
] EyeBF)$ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) ~{
.,8jE I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Rx.
r j~ 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） L+Nsi~YVq v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. R;=6VH 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to `03<0L
>1XL;)IL> I ‘d like to have John do it. t61'LCEis
5~yb
~0 I have my package weighed. Pw #2<>
H5 q
:z=A Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. >DmRP7v
cJ4S! 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do =w ,(M
Y_shy6" KH 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： l_sg)Vr/b
ZmO' IT=Ye want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do }` @?X "r force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do &.*T\3U O be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
I_L;T E#~2wq K 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 0eaUorm)
)ldUayJ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 9e76 pP( 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 Lj-{t% }
z7$}#)Z7 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. mc56L[ :=B[ y D!
ma`w\8 a 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 8Y]}Gb!
$/y%[ . 1)是名词 seeing is believing EXH!glR[$ 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. FL~9< / 一)动名词的形式: xP{m9_Qj
AzW%+ LUD 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 's/27=o 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. V4qZc0<,H
被动形式：This question is far from being settled. X$ejy/ +. 二) 动名词常考的点 S So~.)J
Y# .6d 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 <m :4g
,6
)62q|c9F 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 YGi/]^Nba
o4U]lK$ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 6Eij>{v
8dY k 3 sk I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． f45;fT> A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） F?!};~$=Z I regret not having taken your advice. D6"~fjHh 4)有些词后只能接动名词 {A !;W
6eW1< p admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ID_|H?. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： ~t1O]aO( it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... \fkS_r, i ?*(r1grHl |SwZi'p 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 g!~-^_F
p3>Q< remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 rQ 9?N^&!%
d;*OO xQV I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) #3 }5cC8_
^!-E`<jW8 I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) F}VS)
*FI5z[8, forgot与remember的用法类似。 {7j6$.7J$& I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… +8?R+ 0P
24.7S LXO I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 lN*1zM<6; try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 2Mv)0%,c
)- Wn'C' Z try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. M+;!]tbc3
UeK, q>i I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 7>c 0V & To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 ouu-wQ|(mM prefer的用法： DLg `Q0`M5 我宁愿在这里等。 jN5} 2 p* I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
8E.5k@ I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） H *z0xxa I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） {YxSH % 5Qm .ECXV
sEgeS9a{ 3 分词： ]w&?k:y>
CoKj'jA
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 cr=FMf hB
现在分词的形式: D ^T7pO
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) 2)j#O
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ;?Y ` e
!_/8!95
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) KWuj_.;
过去分词 /w0v5X7
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 0z<]\a4
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) f'?6D+Yw~
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 (qc!-Isd~[
|
