级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 sG~5O\,E
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ]/y& 5X
_Xn[G >1 2．被动形式 cp0@wC#d
:t6 w+h
VMPBM:k G )?#*GMWU v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 >58N P1[k v 时间状语从句当中的时态： XdX1GH*C DD`Bl1)
n4; 一般过去时 所有的过去 m~c z 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 ;i*<HNQ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 pvdM3+6 一．非谓语动词 f%fD>a
一．不定式： 22aS
<@}
{"T$j V:GB 一）不定式的常考形式： Y5nj _xQJL
&[u%ZL 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
q1!45a 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. a *?b nw? 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 Y+vG ]?D
84g$
V}mp 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. xQLVFgd 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. Z fM DyS$. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 X{cFq W7
7i- G5%w7 二）不定式常考的考点： . g/PWEr\I
t}FwS6u 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 G8bc\]
&CP]+ at 2）不定式做状语----目的 P){b"
`
f
(*qMs)~]B 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. B^|^hZZ>
Xy (8} 三)不定式的省略 bhk:Sz
qz
CuT~
Bj 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ;og[ q
i&K-|[3{g + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； "~V|p3 + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 MS Qz,nn I saw him work in the garden yesterday. M ~h^~:Lk
X(r$OZ 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) qoZUX3{ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. |.]g&m)y^h 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） i!yu%>:M v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. c c0e (\ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to :o37 V!
XEX-NE"] I ‘d like to have John do it. {zNF p#z
V;N'?Gu I have my package weighed. U"T> L
T[(4z@d`5 Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. )@\Eibt2oH
$ca> b X] 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do ]r&dWF
5f}GV0=n 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： EJByYk
[&MhAzF want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do CqAv^ n7 } force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do .ng:Z7 be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do b%_[\(( 5^0K5R6GQf 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
\X]
o|njgmF;\ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ;p8,= w 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 D//uwom
@\)a&p]a He needs (a lot of) encouraging. uzO3 _.4Y 6v(;dolBIw
7a#zr_ r 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 N1l&$#Fr!s
yS";
q 1)是名词 seeing is believing
$hgsWa 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. ;Y@ "! \t} 一)动名词的形式: 5#}wI ~U;
a"pejW`m 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. >=!$(JgX 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ATq-&1 hs 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ufc_m
4PN 二) 动名词常考的点 2I
qvd
n<3*7/- 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 S /)J<?<b
$P7G,0- 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 |vf /M|
$" ` 9QD~ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. +/ Vi"
B9Z=`c.T I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． a"|\n_ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） l0g`;BI_ I regret not having taken your advice. }N}\<RG 4)有些词后只能接动名词 K-f\n r
PdNxuy admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ~hxo_& 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： D |BP]j}6 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 4t;m^Iv DHO +JtO SjRR8p<
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 l S:R##
Y
=BXV7\ remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 FeM,$&G:
S.kFs{;1x I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) >|e>=
w}jH,Ew I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) > =Z@)PAe
|NiW r1&i0 forgot与remember的用法类似。 E*t0ia 8 I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… XS'0fq a
6c/Tm0[ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 &xwA E*} try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. 9g*MBe:
$*Q_3]AY] try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. X|WAUp ?
bh8IF,@a I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 Aj Q^
{P To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 62A b4! prefer的用法： n+EK}= DK 我宁愿在这里等。 ~la=rh 3 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） (zFUC ] I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） Cz\(.MWNZ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） Ge|& H]W !8|] R
NAj1ORy4pX 3 分词： $FgpFxz;
H>-?/H
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 27vLI~
现在分词的形式: 6t5)r
lT
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) 1:%m
>4U
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) W?"Z>tgp
F6T@YS P
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) %<e\s6|P:
过去分词 [H#I:d-+\
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. %>uGzQ61
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) y @AKb
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 G{ rUqo
|
