级别: 初级博友
 
UID: 89031
精华:
0
发帖: 4
流量: 3 M
威望: 14 分
介绍博友: 0 个
人民币: 0 元
好评度: 0 点
注册时间: 2011-03-04
最后登录: 2011-03-05
|
 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 Wa
wOap
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 d+8Sypv^4*
F8q|$[nH 2．被动形式 "zj[v1K9-A
#zRHYZc'T| 0N^+d,Xt. <3!Al,!ej@ v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 md* U v 时间状语从句当中的时态： >ei~ :z]R E447'aJ T? Kh ' 一般过去时 所有的过去 Mh*r)B~%[ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 VE-l6@` 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 VxBBZsZO~ 一．非谓语动词 j1 KNgAo<4
一．不定式： a;t}'GQGk
wn.~ Dx 一）不定式的常考形式： 5afD;0D5TI
JD#x+~pb,8 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. U xBd14-R_ 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. q)i %*IY 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 U xL*I[z5
qFD ZD)K 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. is4}s,]$6 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. W}f)VC;D 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ~f h
EY )2, 二）不定式常考的考点： zbmC ? 2$
&]DB-t#\ 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 1Ng+mT
P9/ (f$ = 2）不定式做状语----目的 Z^_qXerjP
j{%;n40$ 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 2) n`Bd
Kcm+%p^ 三)不定式的省略 e0TYHr)X>3
M76p=* 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel n9'3~qVZ
8M99cx*K + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； /W /e%. + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 fzIs^(:fl I saw him work in the garden yesterday. We
f%f] u
<rBW6o7 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) qYC&0`:H I saw him working in the garden yesterday. ,U~A=bsa 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） Dh8ECy5k<* v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 4j={ 9e< 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to 8K,X3a9
$G".PWc I ‘d like to have John do it. $Zu? Gd?
PVI Oe}N I have my package weighed. ,<v0 (
j'D%eQI,V Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. \ %Mcvb.?
V$?6%\M^* 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do d4| )=
Tqt-
zX|> 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： fx;rMGa
Q P (0 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do ]l,D,d81 force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do B!wN%> U be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do bf_
> ?F^ U#z"t&o=L 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 i!a!qE. 1
^B<-.(F accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. /HdXJL9B 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 74([~Qs _M
C
m :AU; He needs (a lot of) encouraging. }F>RI jj A %^?z.
Cj= R\@
二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 o@)Fy51DD
W sHD Ip 1)是名词 seeing is believing BZ?w}%-MO 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. hi(b\ ABx 一)动名词的形式: n*\o. :f
mnA_$W3~I 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. -5*OSA:8x 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. (dg,w*t
' 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. W> TG?hH 二) 动名词常考的点 6 wN*d 5
)7.)fY$ 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 fM.#FT??
oX
ZWg~&l^ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 @fA{;@N
AWcbbj6Nd 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. t^&hG7L_m,
8=D ,`wog I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． M[q hy. A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） u0W6u} 4; I regret not having taken your advice. d./R;Z- I{ 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ! VT$U6
k{r<S|PK0 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... ,x\q Yz+7| 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
L]l/w it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... >)D=PvGlmp 2|"D\N X0L \Ewm 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 %<^^ Mw
Bvvja C remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 G+fo'ThG
i=/hLE8T* I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) r\Q
V%09R
or#]
![7N I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) a;bmlV04
>&\.{ aj forgot与remember的用法类似。 I Tl>HlS I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… a
A$\iFYA
}8AH/ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 [ PN2^ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. oAifM 1*0
Jqzw94 try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. p8XvfM
]i075bO/ I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 &_]G0~e To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 iz^a Qx/ prefer的用法： %7 -(c
我宁愿在这里等。 W\-`}{B_/ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） { k=3OIp I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） Z^Um\f I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） B# hvw'} Q7e 4MKy7
n CwA8AG 3 分词： 6| '7Mr~\
q{G8 Po$z'
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 [>>_%T\I
现在分词的形式: Ohgu*5!o
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)
ez9F!1
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ,<!*@xy7v
vN
v'%;L
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 1p5'.~J+Q
过去分词 A`M-N<T
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. |wJdp ,q R
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) zqrqbqK5R
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 UrciCOQf
|
