过去分词与形容词的语义差： qQu}4Ye>
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things b!7*bFTt
the destructive power of modern weapons 1@)kNg)*$
Damaged: being in a bad state Qt@_C*,P
emotionally damaged children 1'[RrJ$Q
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 2+
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He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. N<|_ tC+ct
Respectful: feeling or showing respect PE~u
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They listened in respectful silence. w@&4dau
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. R; wq
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. 4' ym vR
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. l$PSID
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. 7<<- \7`
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. *v}8n95 *2
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. LyaFWx
Lovable: a sweet lovable child UE-<
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. g>m)|o'
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. raWs6b4 Q
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds #y<KO`Es
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. t<)C
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虚拟语气 3@qy}Nm
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 F;4*,Ap
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 LW={| 3}
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 $pV:)N4
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) BB x359
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) FeW} tKH
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 SdOa#U)
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 y /$Q5P+o
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) /
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) ;Av=/ hU
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 Mnu8d:$
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. ($Cy-p
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 >@b]t,rrK
(1)不定式作表语 dRdI ('
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 }M
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To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 ;6 ?a8t@
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 oO0dN1/
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 Kyf,<z F
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 RP@U0o
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 oZD+ AF$R
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 SmpYH
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His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 3WVH8S b
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. @
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． !^ y H]v
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 kB)u@`</mV
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 :*=fGwIWS
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 @%'1Jd7-Wp
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 !*?|*\B^I
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 7C&J88|\
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． ;u8a %h!
(3)分词作表语 dwpE(G y6c
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： t] CA!i`
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 &o ;d
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 f7SMO-3a
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 :R{pV7<O
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 83 a dnm
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 68U fuC
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 h6Q~Di
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 >T#" Im-
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 &7XsyDo6
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
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worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 P;G]qV %
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 Ygbyia|
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 l$&dTI <#
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 bZ>dr{%%e
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 -q]5@s/
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 1I awi?73
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： vdcPpj^d5
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 Q!!u=}GYK
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 TILH[r&Jg
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 D$AvD7_
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 }1DzWS-hh
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 R/xT.EQ(N
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 rb*0 YCi
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 >m:n6 M'r
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装
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ask问 dread害怕 need需要 b BiTAP
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 lWn}afI
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 I+F >^4_d
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 GkIhPn(d
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 {r~=mQ
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 >,Q CK ZH
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 po(pi|
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 ${rWDZ0Z
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 2rW 9j a
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 J (K/z,4h
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
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consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 %{7*o5`
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 6oq5C D oq
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 m[%':^vSr
