过去分词与形容词的语义差： 3Xd:LDZ{
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things a4 N f\7
the destructive power of modern weapons
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Damaged: being in a bad state _Q
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emotionally damaged children [
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2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements JOt( r}gU
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. ~). D\Q\
Respectful: feeling or showing respect =%I yR
They listened in respectful silence. B^P&+ ,\[}
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. eU%4 9 A
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. mi Q*enZi
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. ={oNY.(Q
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. ,7)
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Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. Z8xB
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5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. ,jis@]:
Lovable: a sweet lovable child a!: N
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Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. Jk\-e` eE
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. S5 q1M n
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds H
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. Z@+nkTJ9&t
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 bGeIb-|(
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 $ -1ajSVJ
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 ANu>*
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) m#RJRuZ|2V
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) !9/`PcNIpy
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 ]}rNxT4<
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 BkXv4|UE
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) " V]*
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) m k1R~4v
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ~-7/9$ay5
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. *FC8=U2\X
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 jC>ZMy8U)4
(1)不定式作表语 'M"z3j]m-,
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 ,#ZPg_x?1
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 /OztkThx=
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 ]z^jz#>um&
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 u5}:[4N%I
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 "t4z )j;
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 ~&)\8@2
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 X^eyrq v
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 iw,uwh|L
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. $mM"C+dD
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． ~wW]n tZm
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 GCN-T1HvA2
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 +-'F]?DN'
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 \
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(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 Hu<]*(lK%
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. Lbz/M _G
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． A2ye
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(3)分词作表语 H I|a88
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： TzaeE
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 /K li C\
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 cN&Eb n
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 *$0*5d7
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 3 twA5)v
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 k)>H=? mI
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 n+=qT$w)
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 _?"y1 L.
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 j%'2^C8
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 9~~NxWY%x
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 dM^
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Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 *Ze0V9$'
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 ||X3g"2W9
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 Q(w ;
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 Y }VJ4!%U
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： Ox J0 . "
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 eoww N>-2C
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 Q D%xmP
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 z# &1>
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 :u9'ZHkZ
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 8zeeC
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begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 %R?7u
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appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 A^).i_&#
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 LGuZp?"
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 A3 tv'-e9
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 Q SF0?Puf
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 f$:Y'
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bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 1LS1 ZY
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 qZF&^pCF}
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 6HBDs:
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 Qqg.z-G %.
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 s tK}K- =`
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 v@ QnS
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 `l'T/F \
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 jC[_uG
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 D*2*FDGI
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 yq|yGf(4&
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 =5*Wu+S
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