过去分词与形容词的语义差： _j |n}7a
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things cftn`:(&8
the destructive power of modern weapons ?`BED6$`G9
Damaged: being in a bad state \^^hG5f
emotionally damaged children C=pPI
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements " J0Oa?
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 0*'`%W+5
Respectful: feeling or showing respect z.\[Va$@l
They listened in respectful silence. 2Q;Y@
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3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. p'9
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Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. cC (ubU R
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. b{
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4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. UO7a}T z<
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. d5Eee^Qu/
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. y( "0Xve
Lovable: a sweet lovable child 'KIi!pA.
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. j)S gB7Q
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. 3:CQMZ|;@
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds E.G h @i
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 5IB:4zx^h
虚拟语气 qS[p|*BL
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 QP-<$P;~
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 \?`d=n=
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 R 4J>M@-0v
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) S0o,)`ZB
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) @8 yE(
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 G5e Ls
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 yP=isi#dDY
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) ,LW%'tQ~"
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) 4) I /\
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 2| _Jup
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. &Bdt+ OQ ;
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 dvdBRrf
(1)不定式作表语 '9F{.]
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 T4
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To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 YKS'#F2
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 6+d"3-R.
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 n|`):sP
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ]j#$. $q
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 YQ`#C #Wb
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 ?b' '
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 RxeRO2
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. <rI$"=7
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． ~ M>z
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 jW
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Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 Jn[ K0GV
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 e /#&5ISk
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 \ 6
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People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. (cew:z
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His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． !?M_%fNE
(3)分词作表语 ok _{8z\#
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： 78BuD[<X-
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 A,[m=9V
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 `
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 BRLU&@G`1
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 U8Jj(]},_
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 #UN{
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pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 ~\IDg/9 Cj
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 %}5"5\Zz
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 Xz@;`>8i
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 nt`l6b
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 s;f u
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 rbS= Ewk
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 0x/V1?gm
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 %4 ^/. ) Q
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 6oBt<r?CJ
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： rzj'!~>U
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 M_)T=s *
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 LMzYsXG*[
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 e(5R8u d
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 4 /vQ=t
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 < Y6>L};
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 },ZL8l
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appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 tR/
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cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 =S +:qk
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 `<N
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agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 o>%W7@Pr
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 5Ozj&Zq
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 k_
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beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 P=z':4,M}
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 xGPv3TLH^
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 < O&s 'A[
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 @gk[sQ\O
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 014 !~ c
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 ~!u94_:
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 Hc !_o`[{l
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 A;PV,2|X
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 Y?x3JU0
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contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议
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