过去分词与形容词的语义差： ?GZ ?HK|
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things h!hv{c
the destructive power of modern weapons [9p@uRE
Damaged: being in a bad state / #xYy^`
emotionally damaged children . 9!&x0;
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements Ga *
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 4T<d I6I0
Respectful: feeling or showing respect 5_L43-
They listened in respectful silence. MD+ eLA7
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. hP 1;$
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. pq5bK0N Q
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. l)0yv2[h
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. T~N87 7
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. o\y qf:V8
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. O{G $]FtF
Lovable: a sweet lovable child :Z5ki EwYM
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. C_hIPM
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6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. "
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Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds (pQ $ <c
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. a% 82I ::t
虚拟语气 tgm(tDL
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ), I7+rY
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 k Nw3Qr
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 n!XSB7d~X
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) *FoPs
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) kI$p~
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
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不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 X 7"h TD
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) 9!6yo
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) \U'TL_Ql
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 _^0)T@
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 4?&CK
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 vui{["
(1)不定式作表语 / k8;k56
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 ('px X+
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
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What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 ?rH=< #@
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 Pi|oO-M
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ed)!Snz
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 C!" .[3
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 [?`c>
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 ?` O Dt]s
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. *:A )j?(
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． w]0jq
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(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 >(HUW^T/9z
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 0Z {(,GU
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 $yb8..+
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 KhV;
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People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. HCifO
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． $rC`)"t
(3)分词作表语 K\ \U F
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： M O/-?@w
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 br'/>Un"
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 J=U7m@))Y#
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 t(MlZ>H
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 jr:LL n#}
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 Z@8amT;Y
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 n{Mj<\kL
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 c(Aj M9s
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 h OboM3_
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 . yu
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 EX&y
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The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 cY>;( x@
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 ;o3
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 CsR~qQ
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3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 oci-[CI,
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： R/O_*XY
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 W^+b gg<.
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 si nG $=
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 IW1]H~1w
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 w-CuO4 P
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 @3S2Xb{ra1
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 SqTm/ t
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 ); |~4#
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 0 q3<RX>M%
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 i y: ;g
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
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swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 "msg./iC
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 7\/O"Ot
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 S5Px9&N8(
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 8w*fg6,=
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 Mm[%v
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decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 H*\ }W
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 t=e0z^2i+
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 w\2 [ dd
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 r P\ 7C+
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 Dk"M8_-_
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 X)&Z{ V>
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 Ph%s.YAZ~
