过去分词与形容词的语义差： oBA]qI
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things
g 1je':
the destructive power of modern weapons aKLA_ -E
Damaged: being in a bad state RGe M.
emotionally damaged children i/&?e+ i
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements +0w~Skd,
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. V)
$y
Respectful: feeling or showing respect LqH<HGMFD
They listened in respectful silence. ?e`4
s f_~
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Y F+hN\
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. }Htnhom0n
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. n21 Pfig
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. -8L 22t
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. X{n7)kgL
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. b7
p
D#v
Lovable: a sweet lovable child W+A-<R h\
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. e}x}Fj</(
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. U4D Q+g(A
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds 4"OUmh9LHB
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. DCJmk6 p%0
虚拟语气 0_}^IiG
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 [0_JS 2KE
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 t SST.o3
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 O*hd@2h d
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) Kn9O=?Xh;
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) y8Q96zi
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 .Z,3:3,]
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 f8ap+
][
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) oYYns%r
}{
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) '}3m(' u
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 45Z"U<I,9
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. XA
cpLj]
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 Rw]4/
(1)不定式作表语 0- )D`s%
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 u9
WQ0.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 2<d l23
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 ?)B"\#`t
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 z3l= aAw8
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 mhp&;
Q9
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 !J34yro+s
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 vYh_<Rp5
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 dcFqK ~
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. F^5<o
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． 7 g-#v'.N
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 x\=2D<@az
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 `O-LM e
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 Jjb(l W
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
<
V?CM(1C
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 4<S*g u*W
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． %G%##wv:
(3)分词作表语 FH NK%Ko
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： %21i#R`E
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 S~" 1q 0
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 \NYtxGV[Z
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 |aiP7C
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 r7tN(2;5
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 ;H#'9p ,2
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 0y$aGAUm
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 N0be=IO5#
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 ) z0qKb \
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 !Xj vvX"j
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 WA-`
*m$v
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 aq[ ;[$w
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 K
7)
1wiEj
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 _(J 7^rN
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 )hH9VGZq(
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 !F0MLvdX7^
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： p*10u@,
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 ||y5XXs
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 & z;;Bx0 s
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 z\Y+5< a
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 e";r_J3w
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 7%Zl^c
>q
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 xq:.|{HUk
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 \1 4"B gj1
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 `"v5bk
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 N9r} nqCN
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 -bHQy:
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 q u[ ~#
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 7<[p1C*B
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 &H!
3]
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 .op:
2y9]
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 G l+[ |?N
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 E
3b`GRay
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 yc5C`r +6
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 '~i} 2e.
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 $x5P
5^Y
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 mH> oF|
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 8YC\Bw
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 }f )$+mi
