过去分词与形容词的语义差： ~yz7/?A)TS
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things eKV^ia
the destructive power of modern weapons bj^YB,iSM
Damaged: being in a bad state FRpTYLA2
emotionally damaged children X?5M)MP+I
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements O@St^o*A}
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. .nX+!EXeS
Respectful: feeling or showing respect o =) hUr
They listened in respectful silence. m f]1mG})
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Qe<D X"
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. /=co/}i
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. wlr/zquAE9
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. sLh9= Kh`
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. xFcJyjo^z
5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. "1P 8[
Lovable: a sweet lovable child ><9E^ k0.
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. jeM % XI
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. <
/0@7
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds mD`v>L
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. &x$1hx'
虚拟语气 D4WvRxki
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 xu[6h?u(h8
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 NU>={ 9!
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 #`R`!4
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) &`hx
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) W9>q 1
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 4L}i`)CmB
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 sCG [gs hq
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) w yi n
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) a~>.
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 f4A evh:
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. T0L h"_X3
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 9AQMB1D*v4
(1)不定式作表语 Yg_;Eu0'?
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 CD|)TXy
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 .{U@Hva_K
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 5&V0(LT]C
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 o'n ju.'
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 NYopt?Xg
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 O3, IR1
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 bs{i@ 1$
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 y" 4Nw]kU
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. *7MTq_K(An
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． Wp!#OY1?
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 [ k)xn3[
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 d
N'2;X
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 \ZSZ(p #1
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 kt QMkEj#
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 9C;Hm>WEpP
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． 72J @Dc
(3)分词作表语 A UCk]
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： Qoa gy L
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 $$my,: nH
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 %"#%/>U4
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 5LJUD>f9 Z
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 =3KK
/[2M
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 &OpGcbf1
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 t^N
92$|
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 k [6%+
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 i7@qfe$fR
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 >cVEr+r9 t
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 -Ucj|9+(a
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 i:8g3|JfMe
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 JY$B%R4;]
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 Yc5{M*w
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 w.tQ)x1h
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 JPeZZ13sS
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： /$]#L%
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 R~9\mi5^UH
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 N
=k}"2_=
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
kzZdYiC
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 D%Prwf R
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 ;'^5$q
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 `jl 1Q,~2r
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 @ y )'h]d
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 l`#XB :#U
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 xR9<I:^&
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 +59tX2@Q
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 v
};
r
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 ~g&FeMo
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 z]P =>w
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 ~
NO9s
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 |nf FI
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 B,` B!rU
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 AsB ep
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 xwSi}
.
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 1M%'Xe7
consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 XYBvM]
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 }3G`f> s
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 ".n,R"EF
