考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 5Q|sta!
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英语形容词翻译 #Mg lHQO+
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 Rjq a_hxrS
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 nS.2C>A
来源:考试大 S7CV
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1. These goods are in short supply. FN!1|'VK
这些货物供应不足。 HxZ.OZbR
来源:考试大 LQqfi
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2. This equation is far from being complicated. 1A^1@^{m'
这个方程一定也不复杂。 1%jH^,t/m
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 H2U:@.o2&
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. s"coQ!e1.
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 r|fO7PD
来源:考试大 6G}c1nWU
2. It is easy to compress a gas. . :a<2sp6
气体很容易压缩。 2m" _z
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 %i"}x/CD[
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1. She spoke in a high voice. YB5dnS"n
她讲话声音很尖。 xA #H0?a]
来源:考试大 YeyGN
2. This engine develops a high torque. 3m=2x5{L
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 6Dst;:
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 %4,?kh``D
来源:考试大 <2<87PU
1. a large brick conference hall e&1\'Zq?>
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 1'O0`Me>#
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2. a plastic garden chair CW`!}yu%
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 hO( RZ'{
来源:考试大 o`6|ba
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 ~pz FZ7n4
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. Lh ap4:
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 o~1 Kp!U
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. B42sb_
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 ZnfNQl[
来源:考试大 XUmR{A
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. \ZH&LPAY
他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 s'u(B]E
来源:考试大 yPgmg
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六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 8)wt$b
来源:考试大 FxRXPt
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1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. n]N 96oD
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 &.N$
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. 6`\ya@
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 M1!pQC_9
来源:考试大 n&Yk<
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. uk7'K 0j
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 ^^Jnv{)
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 23ze/;6%A
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译 " I+p
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: <4`eQ
来源:考试大 Re=WfG
倍数增加 "Ty/k8?
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) .tXtcf/
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) 'vIx#k4D1
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) }5 9U}@xC
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. Ufid%T'
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. 5OP`c<
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 (ywo
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 &h~aChJ
来源:考试大 ^ 4hO8
(二)increase to n times(④) j 6)Y
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) K
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increase by n times(⑥) ;N=G=X|}
increase by a factor of n(⑦)
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以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 F[`ZqW
来源:考试大 = (,
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. H{G{H=K_
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. RMXzU
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 -w6
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That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. ]s1 YaNq
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 ;?L\Fz(<
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 6XV<?
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漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 C2F0tr|
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 SW?p?<
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) XSRdqU>Aun
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: P\R27Jd
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. Zm TDQ`Ix
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 $17
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) ^CT&0
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. x^= M6;:
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 O}ejWP8>
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: MBr:?PE7
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) 6tjcAsV
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 {U!uVQC'
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 1&)_(|p[C
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) y }2F9=
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 $ChK]v
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) !b|' Vp^U
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) Oxx^[ju~
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 =([av7
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. alFjc.~}
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 Q[ieaL6&
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. rw%l*xgX
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 -`c:}m
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 ><?BqRm+
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) _O:WG&a6
decrease by n times(15) 3ha|0[r9
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 3yS
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 4g
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 ;DRTQn`m
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. "i)Yvh[y
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 "E!mva*NU
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. !E\[SjY@J
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 nY?
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. wOgE|n
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 *iXe^ <6v
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… }2>"<)
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) qztV,R T
这个句型还有其它一些形式, "&YYO#YO
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. ]n1dp2aH
发现迅速减少到1/7。 %uESrc-;
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. >
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这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 ;I6s-moq_
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。