考博英语翻译技巧-形容词翻译 On.{!:"I/
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英语形容词翻译 1{.|+S Z!
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英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处,翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。 )[IC?U:5I
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一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句 vWv"
来源:考试大 g2ixx+`?|:
1. These goods are in short supply. ]^7@}Ce_
这些货物供应不足。 5d^sA;c
来源:考试大 _Y4` xv0/
2. This equation is far from being complicated. 4f@rv^f(X
这个方程一定也不复杂。 itP,\k7>d
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二、为了使译文自然流畅,读起来顺口,在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字 Eyqa?$R
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1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 9:|{6_Y
这是我度过最愉快的一天。 ()?(I?II
来源:考试大 + GN(Ug'R
2. It is easy to compress a gas. _6hQ %hv8
气体很容易压缩。 fU}ub2_in
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三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构 3jU&zw9
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1. She spoke in a high voice. 7xlkZF
她讲话声音很尖。 o:'MpKm
来源:考试大 ec;o\erPG
2. This engine develops a high torque. qYQl,w
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。 >uRI'
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四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰,英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序 Dx?,=~W9
来源:考试大 RbnVL$c
1. a large brick conference hall +Kc
一个用砖砌的大会议厅 WpP}stam/
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2. a plastic garden chair q.bSIV|
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子 5C]x!>kX
来源:考试大 2F.;;Ab
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时,翻译时可将形容词译成动词 9cF[seE"0
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1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. @S;'@V
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你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。 h[Y1?ln&h
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2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. 7JH6A'&
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。 3nQ`]5.Q
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来源:考试大 Lk8ek}o'
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever. ^ZcGY
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他诚恳地忏悔过去,并保证永远不再玩汽车。 9Y9GwL]T
来源:考试大 rb.N
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六、由于语言习惯不同,英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词 6bC3O4Rw
来源:考试大 1Pu~X
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1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body. +r2-S~f3N
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。 q<1~ vA9
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2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family. L="}ErmK
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。 U5
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来源:考试大 Z FL~;_r
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country. #"~<HG}bR/
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。 F]&*ow
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从以上几个方面可以看出,译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。 "chDg(jMZ
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考博英语翻译技巧-英语倍数翻译
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英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: Gd85kY@w7
来源:考试大 gPPkT"
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) D
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A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) y:uE3Apm
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) ;$g?T~v7
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. H Pz+Dm
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. OjA,]Gv6
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 `R^g U]Z,
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 %W S+(0*1
来源:考试大 >vsqG=x
(二)increase to n times(④) \ Cj7k^
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) aN3;`~{9
increase by n times(⑥) J'r^/
increase by a factor of n(⑦) F!K>K z
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 Wd
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来源:考试大 U6s[`H3I{
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. `Pnoxm'
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. dj%!I:Q>u
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。来源:考试大 #g!.T g'
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. TA~{1_l
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 ^LLzZnkcZ
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. f*8DCh!r"
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 Dvln/SBk
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 BJ(M
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) 2:ylv<\$
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: -s/ea~=R
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. tq?!-x+>
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 来源:考试大 x,V r=FB
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) =tY T8Q;al
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. a'IdYW0
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 9c
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: ?bu>r=oIO]
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) :Ux_qB
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 e(G|;a
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.来源:考试大 p ()x
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【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) Lj;2\]
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 SX-iAS[<
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)
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A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) X\F|Tk3_
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 =nHgDrA_
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. I++. ee
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 lb1Xsgm{
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 2GStN74X r
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 Mb7I[5v
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 来源:考试大 nt.y
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) \5cpFj5%
decrease by n times(15) A.w:h;7
decrease by a factor of n(16)来源:考试大 ei5~&
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 ^/=KK:n~
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 aFIw=c(nP
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. &]-DqK7
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。来源:考试大 .w,q0<}
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. Vs{|xG7WD
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 /JU.?M3
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Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. w)jISu;RG
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。来源:考试大 ]"1DGg \A
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(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… eQvg7
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应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) ?@
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这个句型还有其它一些形式, fLAw12;^
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. $7A8/#
发现迅速减少到1/7。 fa2kG&, _
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. Pd]|:W< E
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。来源:考试大 %GIr&V4|
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从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。