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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 ou[_ y
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 oU.LYz_
~+GMn[h 2．被动形式 / #z5bo
/RuGh8qzP U|QLc 3 f=_F v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 \ s^a4l 2 v 时间状语从句当中的时态： O4w6\y3U k%|7H,7 dWbSrl 一般过去时 所有的过去
C7#ji" t 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 2Wwzc vs@ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 Y ;$wD9W 一．非谓语动词 -FRMal4Pg0
一．不定式： \$GM4:R D
8aDh HXI 一）不定式的常考形式： 7kX;|NA1
Fk(nf9M% 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. Dv~W!T i 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 0c6b_%Rd 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 N 4Kj)E@
=-wF Brw 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. >&pB&'A a 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. T<:mG%Is 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 PkM]jbLe8
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9@3? 二）不定式常考的考点： Nfv.v1Tt+
?|4 Y(0N 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 kA c8[Hn
EWz,K] _ ' 2）不定式做状语----目的 *CtWDUxSdW
CMu/n]?c 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. Z`jc*jgy
vs=8x\W 三)不定式的省略 +95:
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=:neGqd\_E 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel Hs9; &C
E4}MU}C#[ + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； J}zN] |bz + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 :~" Dwrui I saw him work in the garden yesterday. p. %lE! v
le7!:4 /8 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) $3yzB9\a" I saw him working in the garden yesterday. \ d :AV(u 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） ]h3{M Tr/ v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. { tKi8O^Rb 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to itU
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QV%,s! _b I ‘d like to have John do it. qI= j
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&x@ I have my package weighed. Ung K9uB~
a_V.mu6h6p Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 7 'B9z/
1EmZ/@k/Y 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do +M s`C)f
GZx?vSoHh 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： 'Dx_ n7&=
[kp# want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do &al\8
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do ]"X} FU be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do JI7 .:k; 5^0K5R6GQf 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 ,b${3*PPQ
\L]T|]}( accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. Gi S{=+=5 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 q% pjY
tj< 0q<is He needs (a lot of) encouraging. l(A>Rw| \0bZ1"
i J%`ym4Y 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 Hphfqdh0`
$g @-WNe 1)是名词 seeing is believing ,]cb3nP 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. ];7/DM#Np 一)动名词的形式: R1/87eB
a"pejW`m 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. >=!$(JgX 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. kFZjMchm A 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. ZnXq+^ Z4 二) 动名词常考的点 \*x=q20
qE)G;Y<,1 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 n<3*7/-
S /)J<?<b 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 $P7G,0-
]>'yt #] 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. <Q%:c4N
. !`v2_ I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． }RPeA cbU_ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）
)9mU E* [ I regret not having taken your advice. u*C"d1v= 4)有些词后只能接动名词 \& )k{P>=
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U_` 4? admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... #{L
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另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： \y*,N^w u it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 5q>u]n9] /naGn@m5u 9e xHR&>{ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 x[i Et% _
A[.5B i remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 W2 ([vRT
a vI I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) c?1 :='MC
-$J%.fdPs I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) Y><")% Q
{<_9Q AS forgot与remember的用法类似。 Fo1|O&> I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… F< #!83*%
->S6S_H/+& I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 rH<iUiA?O try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. xp> p#c
&3;yho8v@ try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. 9u\&kQxqD
t t7l%olw I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 t,8p}2,$ To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 h""a#n)q}` prefer的用法： Jc#()4 我宁愿在这里等。 2 #+g4 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） pSq3\#Twr I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） V %cU
@ I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） `[+nz
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T Z7{ cekQ 3 分词： 1/bu}?a
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 f(O`t }Ed
现在分词的形式: Y.Er!(pz
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) USnKj_e
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) jaAv_=93f
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) t:X[Blw3$
过去分词 `O5kI#m)L*
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. C/Ig.KmXF{
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) 3
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这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 Qhnz7/a9
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