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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 2HeX( rB
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ( /]' e}
"_WN[jm 2．被动形式 :C5w5
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zc1 pb K mFweq v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 E$lbm>jsb$ v 时间状语从句当中的时态： zsQ ]U!*rD f:3cV(mC `Ku:%~$/ 一般过去时 所有的过去 2 RZa} 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 7& ,$ 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 pcv\|) &} 一．非谓语动词 2 r2:
一．不定式： q-CgX wU
CH ` Kpt 一）不定式的常考形式： K 91O$'J
h>>~B i 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. l`#rhuy` 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. cGs& Kn;h 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 7%$3`4i`O
7*K 2zu3 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. mph9/ %]S 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. qOmL \'8 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 cjtc EW
!r6Yq,3 二）不定式常考的考点： Vug[q=i
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?BpV~ 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 zr A3bWs
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qcAJ3j 2）不定式做状语----目的 nm_ta ER
3A 0Qjj= 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
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T33X)h% 三)不定式的省略 X]2x0
1:yil9.\* 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ml)\R L
T t Wzjt + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； `H9 +]TWj< + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 Z:<wB#G I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
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g-u4E^,*| 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Gr}NgyT<!D I saw him working in the garden yesterday. L?M
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昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） xh#pw2v7V v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. R?#=^ $7U 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I\M
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QX&Y6CC`] I ‘d like to have John do it. Vo.~1^
+!:=Mm I have my package weighed. &U` ug"/k
`}L{gssv Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. @J qo'\~&
A>mk0P)~Q 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 35x]'
@,2,(=l*C 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： @SaxM4
=&Tuh} want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do {Xr 9]g` force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do ; R<V-gab be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do f#7=N{wm ,Jn` qvmi 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 WIAukM8~
""_G4{ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 5j0 Ib>\ 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 F0r2 =f(?
7|_2@4-W6 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. c^puz2 D:z_FNN
.=d40m 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 / iAhGY
cD)9EFo 1)是名词 seeing is believing <r>Sj /w<D 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. *
{~`Lw)y 一)动名词的形式: KK6z3"tk5
%W=BdGr[8z 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 0w< i lJ 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. iWFtb)3B 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. |-S+ x]9 二) 动名词常考的点 %4V$')rek
"M\rO!f: 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 jAv3qMQA
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,2 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 TA:uB[Ji
nt-_)4Fm 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. UIg?3J}R
|!7leL I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． `L[q`r7 A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） Tp.]{ * I regret not having taken your advice.
B!8X?8D 4)有些词后只能接动名词 0=t2|,}
\/gf_R_GN admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 8 4reyA 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： ]@Z
nP,8 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... ?EPHq,
E P>)J:. tr0 v6Y[_1 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 Ui9;rh$1eU
:oC;.u<*8 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 bi+g=
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2Q@Jp`# ,4 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) f}4A ,%:1
4KSq]S. I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) ydY 7 :D
+/kOU z/] forgot与remember的用法类似。 *)I^+zN I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… $ ]}K ;
Q)M-f;O I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 iQG]v[$ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. iyr8*L\
-b8SaLak try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. i[FYR;C
I?%q`GyP5 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 m?Cb^WgcF To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 cq
gCcO , prefer的用法： 4!xRA '' 我宁愿在这里等。 yI07E "9 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） F6Q%<p a I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） H _x} - I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） t:P]b
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3 分词： ed_+bCNy
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 S<'_{u z
现在分词的形式: $XMpC{
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)
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2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) o~"Y_dLsW
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) v+79#qWK|n
过去分词 jJt4{c
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. =Bm|9A1
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) D Y4!RjJ47
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 l`:u5\ rM
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