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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 Hj5b.fB
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 } wiq?dr
$1 w8GI\J 2．被动形式 xH*OEzN
.O~)zM x }[$ C=| > v~uQ_ ae$> v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 K4snp u hC v 时间状语从句当中的时态： vD^^0-Pk6 f!eC|:D 'BcxKq
C 一般过去时 所有的过去 R84 g< 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 ;F"W6
G 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 bvk+i?{H 一．非谓语动词 CSR 6
一．不定式： 1D N,
k-Le)8+b 一）不定式的常考形式： YLJH?
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LX!16a@SxA 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. l3)(aay! 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. &7XB $ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 av&dG
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G 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. (S =::ODU 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. t>
-cTQm 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 :DR
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EAqTXB@XU 二）不定式常考的考点： 4eha
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1）不定式做定语----将要发生 Bz }Kdyur
| ^^;v| 2）不定式做状语----目的 kZWc(LwA
Gg{@]9 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. t9zPJQlT}
- $.$6"] 三)不定式的省略 ouPwhB,bg
7Q/v#_e( 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel \@:pWe
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e + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； ^>72<1U% + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 rM2?" I saw him work in the garden yesterday. +wY3E*hU
/#G^?2o M 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) X6N^<Z$ I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Ad+-/hxc 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） *J 7>6N:- v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. _g0
qpa 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to b,#cc>76\
a Ey_H-6f I ‘d like to have John do it. TE
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8e I have my package weighed. BYhPOg[
4_F<jx,G Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. }u5 Mexs
0Dc$nL?TqX 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do )d>"K`3
?$ Uk[ 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： $_S^Aw?
[ j1SX-NX want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do Ts}5Nk8% force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do {1#5\t>9yD be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do ^X)U^Q d Q'7o_[o/ 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 f|m.v
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! r.X. C accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. p !hewtb5 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 Kcsje_I-M
M\enjB7 k He needs (a lot of) encouraging. /+JCi6{sHS wZE[we^Q"
f*NtnD=rJ 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 K{x<zv&,
)WwysGkqol 1)是名词 seeing is believing MR#j I 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
O|4~$7 一)动名词的形式: A ;SRm<,
k3sP,opacX 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 9} eIidw K 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. O JvEq@ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. dQ/Xs.8 二) 动名词常考的点 X
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MCz +l0 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 rya
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"y_$!KY% 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 Y49
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oYlq1MB? 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
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;6fk G/T I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． T/-PSfbkj A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） :bLGDEC I regret not having taken your advice. r/:9j(y
xr 4)有些词后只能接动名词 b[e+
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d!Y,i!l! admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... FRs5 Pb1 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： :_)Xe* O it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... <9\_b 6 CDU^X$Q B quyPG" 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 # <yR:3
wQPjo!FEX remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 _$i9Tk
{ P1W{| I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) { F. Ihw
\-V I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) D' uz H|z8
pBK[j ([ forgot与remember的用法类似。 Ap U5,R0 I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… |Vd)7/LN
/SlCcozFL~ I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 Bk?M F6 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. <Ni]\-*
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VgNV try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. O2 3f\pm&
5-=mtvA: I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 `(*5yX C To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 F
=d L#@^ prefer的用法： i]9SCO 我宁愿在这里等。 T][\wyLx1 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） Q8z>0ci3o I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） 3YA !2 I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） o6B!ikz 8 3&x _%R
]J_Dn\ 3 分词： X}
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 3ywBq9FGhp
现在分词的形式: )oH
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1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) LT2m wJl
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) u8 -)LOf(
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) - DL/Hk_r
过去分词 w7w$z _P
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
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2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) y~p7&^FeR
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 s^3t
18m&1
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