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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 B5?c'[V9
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 @xW"rX#7f
#%} u8\q 2．被动形式 ~"<VUJ=Ly:
&L~31Ayj& H&Lbdu~E Mn {Rg>X v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ]{, =mOk v 时间状语从句当中的时态： XV 9'[V Z5^ U F2`Q <YNPhu~5 一般过去时 所有的过去 {1&,6kJF&9 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 ^?VT y5yp 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 aj-uk(r 一．非谓语动词 ba1QF zN
一．不定式： SmEd'YD!J
C xN@g' 一）不定式的常考形式： ^?0,G>I%-
BTQC1;;N 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. T:n ^$RiT 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. DL Q`<aU 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 [5:7 WqB
I:7,CV 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. <NsT[r ~C 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. jJnBwH p 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 $1
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PG]mwaj]) 二）不定式常考的考点： [uV/ Ra*g
Mo=-P2)>lt 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 /Bu5k BC
wZb@VG}% 2）不定式做状语----目的 hiM!htc;M
wd 0A CF 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. ![n`n(oN
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e6! 三)不定式的省略 $KFW V2P
C#0Wo 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel bGa":|}F
oOz6Er[KO + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； 2p ,6=8^v + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 W=w@SO_?wp I saw him work in the garden yesterday. a{,t@G
R 6Lr]H 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) v83 6nxL M I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 5+Ut]AL5 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 4 X Q?
By v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 95 &HsgdxJ 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to LlqhZetS
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wF), I ‘d like to have John do it. JN!YRcj
W&#Nk5d I have my package weighed. z{x -Vfd
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lnSLk Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. L|?tc ic
Ek0.r)Nw 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do Af~AE2b3"
7Cjrh "al" 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： d8 po`J#nb
2 ]wh1) want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do k6\c^%x force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do v\vn}/>*d be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do V96BtV sB 9Wn0YIc 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 Q@R8qc=*
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(t.iL accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. :
&MiO3#+ 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 _DQdo
Aj_}B. He needs (a lot of) encouraging. joq
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E_P]f% 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 81&!!qhfS
_19k @a 1)是名词 seeing is believing W7 $yE},z 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. |Cm}%sgR\0 一)动名词的形式: $HRpG
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一般形式：I don't like you smoking. w jF\> 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. x =k$^V~ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. B( ~D*H2T[ 二) 动名词常考的点 Ua4} dW[w
V+ Z22 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 .s+e
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u[% #/ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 |Z<adOg
z9g Z/d 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. V:lDR20*\
WJ%b9 {< I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． -B c.<pFqp A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） !vU[V,~
I regret not having taken your advice. g$+ 3IVq& 4)有些词后只能接动名词 ixp %aRRP
~=71){4A admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... !"wIb.j }0 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： %Z .!Bm: it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... Y{jhT^tKK )TxhJB5| v K$W)(Z 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 I;No++N0
]$7|1-&Y remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 Q5Wb )
\d6A<(!=v I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) )t|M)z J
]WS 7l @ I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) vnKUD|
H.YntFtD' forgot与remember的用法类似。 B$ {Q Y)t I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… Ts.6 1Rx
VH8,!# Q; I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 4kI y4x'* try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. DlaA-i]l
PJ);d>tz try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. ,Q^.SHP8
ZM\Z2L]n I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 huO_ARwK' To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 %/4ChKf!VR prefer的用法： d^ w6_ 我宁愿在这里等。 Qax=_[r I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） M-eX>}CDm I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） y<kW2 <? I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） j2V^1 * !vwW
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xse8 fGs 3 分词： kid@*.I
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 u`g|u:(r
现在分词的形式: : W^
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1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) NU O9 ,
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) udgf{1EB&2
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) n' &:c}zKO
过去分词 it \3-
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. &
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2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) M $
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这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 M]
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