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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 ~SnUnNDm `
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 WMSJU/-P
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6A 2．被动形式 RK3 y q$
_P>YG<*"kQ @d75X Y Ku 4l D$'` v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 f/Gx}
x= v 时间状语从句当中的时态： +WX/4_STV B(Sy. n ,
X5 . |9 一般过去时 所有的过去 $vn6%M[ 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 ST KL 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 ffKgVQux 一．非谓语动词 PKm|?kn{0(
一．不定式： ;vx5 =^7P
6BE,L 一）不定式的常考形式： ^FCXcn9
=SDex.ZK] 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. /:|vJ|dJ 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. =H95?\}T[ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 dSI"yz
\;;M")$ 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. @T1G#[C~t 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. n ]%2Kx 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 ];bRRBEU
0 KA*6]h t 二）不定式常考的考点： '|yx B')
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1）不定式做定语----将要发生 W'G|sk
j?T 'N:Qd 2）不定式做状语----目的 Ku5||u.F4*
lg^'/8^f 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. EEe$A?a;
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/^ 三)不定式的省略 (3e.q'
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~w 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel zDF Nx:h
VoCg,gow + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； VH7t^ fb + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 T!/ o^0w I saw him work in the garden yesterday. fECV\Z
T CT8O U| 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) ~cU1
/CW8 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. ;< ~f-D
, 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） ?mMM{{%(. v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. .Ys
e/oEo 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to w4L()eP#?=
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a4 I ‘d like to have John do it. &5
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0E\#!L I have my package weighed. " {<X! ^u>
lxd{T3L U Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ? NBae\6r
mG)5xD 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do qV=:2m10x
J p jHbG 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： !mv5i%3
2ZxhV4\ want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do !B`z|# force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do >/ _# +, be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 'VV
U-)(8 |!FQQ(1b 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 kq | !{_
*iB&tW v accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. B}[CU='P* 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 #ss/mvc3
K yx9_2 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. BP..p ^EPN Y. J!]|
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yp 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 /KvJjt'8
:G>w MMv&z 1)是名词 seeing is believing kq X=3Zo 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. *AV%= 一)动名词的形式: )W= O~g
^EiU> 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. - ED}
6E 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. /"J 6``MV 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. .@fA_8 二) 动名词常考的点 a4UwhbH
~AjPa}@ f 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 T
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2.WI".&y= 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 6 D
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=/K)h I!u 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. | 8f }3R 9
hZ fj$|< I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． U',C-56z A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） 7;|"1H:cmw I regret not having taken your advice. ^vMlRt; 4)有些词后只能接动名词 l<XYDb~op
8\68NG6o admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... Zb 2pZhkW 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： $ (;:4 it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... W:8MqVm34 |l8=z*v< k JmwR 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 K@*+;6y@
k Nc- @B remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 0?$| F0U"J
| ;NfH|43; I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) KO=$Hr?f;
2`* w* I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) <qfAW?tF
~<!j]@. forgot与remember的用法类似。 0e<>2AL
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… Z@1kx3Wx$
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* I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 D& pn@6bB try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. _!1LV[x!s
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try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. Fc@R,9
C0[U}Y/r2 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 QNOdt 2NN To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 Oe1WnS 7(] prefer的用法： *gH]R*Q[Rt 我宁愿在这里等。 T+nID@"36 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） BeLD`
4K I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） F8Ety^9>9 I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） [TO o 9W E>s+"y
vcdVck@ 3 分词： fY9+m}$S$
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 w"?Q0bhV9y
现在分词的形式: }qM^J;u y
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) N\*oL*[j
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) ~BuzI9~7P
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) |gI>Sp%Fu
过去分词 O8 .x t|
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. \85%d0@3
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) u !|_bI3
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 C
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