医学博士英语写作总结 [a2]_]E%
q? ' 4&
一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 ]F4QZV(
M
n1."Qix0
二、现场写作技巧 >GGM76vB=,
$0_K&_5w~
①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 6]brL.eGj
)QE6X67i
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 D&%8JL
)D+BvJ Y"
1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; .G{cx=;
~T_|?lU`R
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; r1L@p[>
7;E D U
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; I %5vI}
zm&[K53
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; yYP_TuNa
qLEYBv-3
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system Nny*C`uDF
W=+n |1
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； ]}L'jK
0
6Z_V,LD9L
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene KQf WpHwfj
a=MN:s?Fc0
8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； ",/6 bs#$
jEBn"]\D
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 +f/
I>9G
eK7A8\ ;e
10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， Bp ^LL H
K#OL/2^
5
11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： wpZ"B+oK!
H:DR?'y W
12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； [Mu9"kF
l[E^nh >
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； Ze0qRLuH!
D
tANb^
14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion sQgz}0_= )
38w^=" -T
15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； &PC6C<<f
do8[wej<:
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; ) BJkHED{
Q/|.=:~FO
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 &2W"4SE]6
mu\1hKq;B
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission _$UJ'W})/
b+~_/;Y9
17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation !.UE} ^TV
Zu"qTJE/1
18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate 1m5l((d
O>DS%6/G
19.福祉 well-being, happiness； JMB#KzvN[
HGYTh"R
20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile ]$2 yV&V &
\ ITd\)F%N
21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 1@Jp3wW
g>t1rZ
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension fnq 3ic"V
3t<a3"{9
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health :a{dWgN
A l?
%[-u
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork 9D14/9*(dU
E_~e/y"-
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years "73*0'm
V.{HMeE4
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 0U7G l9~
1 3 ]e< '
27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. sUlf4<_zW
I/w;4!+)
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； v7p u
\0 ~?i6o
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle; (d#&m+
g]
2OUx@V j
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 sl-wNIQ
oaQW~R`_
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; }Hb0@
b_
gM&O dT+i
31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from )y8Myb}
S"*k#ao
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. +c /!R|h=S
;"cQ)=s9Y
There have been more deaths from drowning. pfZ[YC-
>>$L
vQ
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ v@]SddP,?
kcU n GiP
32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； Pm6U:RL
hY!ek;/Gc
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; "Bwz
Fh
l 7uTk5
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 zgz!"knVx
f/c&Ya(D~
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak 3\4e{3$
omg#[
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; t]0DT_iE
sCw>J#@2>
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; x %`YV):*
va_u4
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； Q>Klkd5(
=v^#MU{k?
复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； |pS]zD
p*5_+u
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 dhA~Y u
LZ_0=Xx%
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； X+sKG5nS
V-7l+C 5
养老保险 endowment insurance； J*b Je"8
M.,DXEZT
退休养老金retirement pension； OQfFS+6
)EB+(c~E
Health Care Reform医疗改革 ,x1OQ jtY
RtR@wZ2\s
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； sgi5dQ
I;"pPJ3G
37.月经期menstrual period ms5?^kS2O
t
qpO3
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace Z@dVK`nD
?ckV 2
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care >w<w *pC
<-?C\c~G@
40.安乐死euthanasia； 3 s?u05_
W;=Ae~
41.得绝症的terminally ill； JMt*GFd
@I-gs(
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care . ,z6a
|?VJf3 A
濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient siI%6Gn;
9\ hI:r I
43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. f%.Ngf9
4zS0kk;+
DNq(\@x[!
gep#o$P
