英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: K\$J4~EtG
倍数增加 0%Z]h?EYy|
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) DZv=\<$,LF
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) Cz W:L&t
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) GQl$yZaK{
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. X5`A GyX
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. 7As|Ns`
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 `KCh*i
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 %rF?dvb;?
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(二)increase to n times(④) \/SQ,*O
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) Ht-t1q
increase by n times(⑥) .(X
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increase by a factor of n(⑦) W?We6.%
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 A5+rd{k/
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.
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The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. _kdL'x
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 I"t(%2*q
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. N~ ?{UOZd
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Hh4 n
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. v$)q($}p
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 g!`3{
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注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 $XU5??8
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) 7P B)'Wl"6
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: W{5:'9,
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. -L3|&